Mark 8:31

First Prediction of Jesus’ Death and Resurrection

8:31 Then ¹  Jesus ²  began to teach them that the Son of Man must suffer ³  many things and be rejected by the elders, chief priests, and experts in the law, ⁴  and be killed, and after three days rise again.

Mark 9:31

9:31 for he was teaching his disciples and telling them, “The Son of Man will be betrayed into the hands of men. ⁵  They ⁶  will kill him, ⁷  and after three days he will rise.” ⁸ 

Matthew 16:21

First Prediction of Jesus’ Death and Resurrection

16:21 From that time on ⁹  Jesus began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem ¹⁰  and suffer ¹¹  many things at the hands of the elders, chief priests, and experts in the law, ¹²  and be killed, and on the third day be raised.

Matthew 17:22-23

Second Prediction of Jesus’ Death and Resurrection

17:22 When ¹³  they gathered together in Galilee, Jesus told them, “The Son of Man is going to be betrayed into the hands of men. ¹⁴  17:23 They will kill him, and on the third day he will be raised.” And they became greatly distressed.

Matthew 20:17-19

Third Prediction of Jesus’ Death and Resurrection

20:17 As Jesus was going up to Jerusalem, ¹⁵  he took the twelve ¹⁶  aside privately and said to them on the way, 20:18 “Look, we are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be handed over to the chief priests and the experts in the law. ¹⁷  They will condemn him to death, 20:19 and will turn him over to the Gentiles to be mocked and flogged severely ¹⁸  and crucified. ¹⁹  Yet ²⁰  on the third day, he will be raised.”

Luke 9:22

9:22 saying, “The Son of Man must suffer ²¹  many things and be rejected by the elders, ²²  chief priests, and experts in the law, ²³  and be killed, and on the third day be raised.” ²⁴ 

Luke 18:31-33

Another Prediction of Jesus’ Passion

18:31 Then ²⁵  Jesus ²⁶  took the twelve aside and said to them, “Look, we are going up to Jerusalem, ²⁷  and everything that is written about the Son of Man by the prophets will be accomplished. ²⁸  18:32 For he will be handed over ²⁹  to the Gentiles; he will be mocked, ³⁰  mistreated, ³¹  and spat on. ³²  18:33 They will flog him severely ³³  and kill him. Yet ³⁴  on the third day he will rise again.”

Luke 24:6-7

24:6 He is not here, but has been raised! ³⁵  Remember how he told you, while he was still in Galilee, ³⁶  24:7 that ³⁷  the Son of Man must be delivered ³⁸  into the hands of sinful men, ³⁹  and be crucified, ⁴⁰  and on the third day rise again.” ⁴¹ 

[8:31]  ¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[8:31]  ² tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[8:31]  ³ sn The necessity that the Son of Man suffer is the particular point that needed emphasis, since for many 1st century Jews the Messiah was a glorious and powerful figure, not a suffering one.

[8:31]  ⁴ tn Or “and the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 1:22.

[9:31]  ⁵ tn The plural Greek term ἀνθρώπων (anqrwpwn) is considered by some to be used here in a generic sense, referring to both men and women (cf. NRSV, “into human hands”; CEV, “to people”). However, because this can be taken as a specific reference to the group responsible for Jesus’ arrest, where it is unlikely women were present (cf. Matt 26:47-56; Mark 14:43-52; Luke 22:47-53; John 18:2-12), the word “men” has been retained in the translation. There may also be a slight wordplay with “the Son of Man” earlier in the verse.

[9:31]  ⁶ tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[9:31]  ⁷ tn Grk “They will kill him, and being killed, after…” The redundancy in the statement has been removed in the translation.

[9:31]  ⁸ sn They will kill him and after three days he will rise. See the note at the end of Mark 8:30 regarding the passion predictions.

[16:21]  ⁹ tn Grk “From then.”

[16:21]  ¹⁰ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[16:21]  ¹¹ sn The necessity that the Son of Man suffer is the particular point that needed emphasis since for many 1st century Jews the Messiah was a glorious and powerful figure, not a suffering one.

[16:21]  ¹² tn Or “and scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 2:4.

[17:22]  ¹³ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[17:22]  ¹⁴ tn The plural Greek term ἀνθρώπων (anqrwpwn) is considered by some to be used here in a generic sense, referring to both men and women (cf. NRSV “into human hands”; TEV, CEV “to people”). However, because this can be taken as a specific reference to the group responsible for Jesus’ arrest, where it is unlikely women were present (cf. Matt 26:47-56; Mark 14:43-52; Luke 22:47-53; John 18:2-12), the word “men” has been retained in the translation. There may also be a slight wordplay with “the Son of Man” earlier in the verse.

[20:17]  ¹⁵ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[20:17]  ¹⁶ tc ‡ A number of significant witnesses (e.g., B C W 085 33 lat) have μαθητάς (maqhtas, “disciples”) after δώδεκα (dwdeka, “twelve”), perhaps by way of clarification, while other important witnesses lack the word (e.g., א D L Θ Ë^1,13). The longer reading looks to be a scribal clarification, and hence is considered to be secondary. NA²⁷ puts the word in brackets to show doubts about its authenticity.

[20:18]  ¹⁷ tn Or “and the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 2:4.

[20:19]  ¹⁸ tn Traditionally, “scourged” (the term means to beat severely with a whip, L&N 19.9). BDAG 620 s.v. μαστιγόω 1.a states, “The ‘verberatio’ is denoted in the passion predictions and explicitly as action by non-Israelites Mt 20:19; Mk 10:34; Lk 18:33”; the verberatio was the beating given to those condemned to death in the Roman judicial system. Here the term μαστιγόω (mastigow) has been translated “flog…severely” to distinguish it from the term φραγελλόω (fragellow) used in Matt 27:26; Mark 15:15.

[20:19]  ¹⁹ sn Crucifixion was the cruelest form of punishment practiced by the Romans. Roman citizens could not normally undergo it. It was reserved for the worst crimes, like treason and evasion of due process in a capital case. The Roman historian Cicero called it “a cruel and disgusting penalty” (Against Verres 2.5.63-66 §§163-70); Josephus (J. W. 7.6.4 [7.203]) called it the worst of deaths.

[20:19]  ²⁰ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

[9:22]  ²¹ sn The necessity that the Son of Man suffer is the particular point that needed emphasis, since for many 1st century Jews the Messiah was a glorious and powerful figure, not a suffering one.

[9:22]  ²² sn Rejection in Luke is especially by the Jewish leadership (here elders, chief priests, and experts in the law), though in Luke 23 almost all will join in.

[9:22]  ²³ tn Or “and scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 5:21.

[9:22]  ²⁴ sn The description of the Son of Man being rejected…killed, and…raised is the first of six passion summaries in Luke: 9:44; 17:25; 18:31-33; 24:7; 24:46-47.

[18:31]  ²⁵ tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[18:31]  ²⁶ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[18:31]  ²⁷ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[18:31]  ²⁸ tn Or “fulfilled.” Jesus goes to Jerusalem by divine plan as the scripture records (Luke 2:39; 12:50; 22:37; Acts 13:29). See Luke 9:22, 44.

[18:32]  ²⁹ sn The passive voice verb be handed over does not indicate by whom, but other passages note the Jewish leadership and betrayal (9:22, 44).

[18:32]  ³⁰ sn See Luke 22:63; 23:11, 36.

[18:32]  ³¹ tn Or “and insulted.” L&N 33.390 and 88.130 note ὑβρίζω (Jubrizw) can mean either “insult” or “mistreat with insolence.”

[18:32]  ³² sn And spat on. Later Luke does not note this detail in the passion narrative in chaps. 22-23, but see Mark 14:65; 15:19; Matt 26:67; 27:30 where Jesus’ prediction is fulfilled.

[18:33]  ³³ tn Traditionally, “scourge” (the term means to beat severely with a whip, L&N 19.9). BDAG 620 s.v. μαστιγόω 1. states, “Of the beating (Lat. verberatio) given those condemned to death…J 19:1; cf. Mt 20:19; Mk 10:34; Lk 18:33.” Here the term has been translated “flog…severely” to distinguish it from the term φραγελλόω (fragellow) used in Matt 27:26; Mark 15:15.

[18:33]  ³⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

[24:6]  ³⁵ tc The phrase “He is not here, but has been raised” is omitted by a few mss (D it), but it has wide ms support and differs slightly from the similar statement in Matt 28:6 and Mark 16:6. Although NA²⁷ places the phrase at the beginning of v. 6, as do most modern English translations, it is omitted from the RSV and placed at the end of v. 5 in the NRSV.

[24:6]  ³⁶ sn While he was still in Galilee looks back to the beginning of Jesus’ ministry. So the point is that this was announced long ago, and should come as no surprise.

[24:7]  ³⁷ tn Grk “saying that,” but this would be redundant in English. Although the translation represents this sentence as indirect discourse, the Greek could equally be taken as direct discourse: “Remember how he told you, while he was still in Galilee: ‘the Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men, and be crucified, and on the third day rise again.’”

[24:7]  ³⁸ tn See Luke 9:22, 44; 13:33.

[24:7]  ³⁹ tn Because in the historical context the individuals who were primarily responsible for the death of Jesus (the Jewish leadership in Jerusalem in Luke’s view [see Luke 9:22]) would have been men, the translation “sinful men” for ἀνθρώπων ἁμαρτωλῶν (anqrwpwn Jamartwlwn) is retained here.

[24:7]  ⁴⁰ sn See the note on crucify in 23:21.

[24:7]  ⁴¹ tn Here the infinitive ἀναστῆναι (anasthnai) is active rather than passive.