Discovery BoxPsalms 17:10-15
Contextthey speak arrogantly. 2
17:11 They attack me, now they surround me; 3
they intend to throw me to the ground. 4
17:12 He 5 is like a lion 6 that wants to tear its prey to bits, 7
like a young lion crouching 8 in hidden places.
17:13 Rise up, Lord!
Confront him! 9 Knock him down! 10
Use your sword to rescue me from the wicked man! 11
17:14 Lord, use your power to deliver me from these murderers, 12
from the murderers of this world! 13
They enjoy prosperity; 14
you overwhelm them with the riches they desire. 15
They have many children,
and leave their wealth to their offspring. 16
17:15 As for me, because I am innocent I will see your face; 17
when I awake you will reveal yourself to me. 18
[17:10] 1 tn Heb “their fat they close.” The Hebrew term חֵלֶב (khelev, “fat”) appears to stand by metonymy for their calloused hearts. They attack the psalmist without feeling any pity or remorse. Some propose emending the text to חֵלֶב לִבָּמוֹ (khelev libbamo, “fat of their heart[s]; cf. Ps 119:70, “their heart is insensitive like fat”). This assumes haplography of the לב (lamed-bet) consonantal sequence.
[17:10] 2 tn Heb “[with] their mouth they speak with arrogance.”
[17:11] 3 tc Heb “our steps, now they surround me.” The Kethib (consonantal text) has “surround me,” while the Qere (marginal reading) has “surround us,” harmonizing the pronoun to the preceding “our steps.” The first person plural pronoun does not fit the context, where the psalmist speaks as an individual. In the preceding verses the psalmist uses a first person singular verbal or pronominal form twenty times. For this reason it is preferable to emend “our steps” to אִשְּׁרוּנִי (’ishÿruni, “they attack me”) from the verbal root אָשֻׁר (’ashur, “march, stride, track”).
[17:11] 4 tn Heb “their eyes they set to bend down in the ground.”
[17:12] 5 tn Here the psalmist switches to the singular pronoun; he views his enemies collectively, or singles out a representative of the group, perhaps its leader.
[17:12] 6 tn Heb “his likeness [is] like a lion.”
[17:12] 7 tn Heb “[that] longs to tear.”
[17:13] 9 tn Heb “Be in front of his face.”
[17:13] 10 tn Or “bring him to his knees.”
[17:13] 11 tn Heb “rescue my life from the wicked [one] [by] your sword.”
[17:14] 12 tc Heb “from men [by] your hand,
[17:14] 13 tn Heb “from men, from [the] world.” On the emendation of “men” to “murderers,” see the preceding note on the word “murderers.”
[17:14] 14 tn Heb “their portion, in life.”
[17:14] 15 tn Heb “and [with] your treasures you fill their belly.”
[17:14] 16 tn Heb “they are satisfied [with] sons and leave their abundance to their children.”
[17:15] 17 tn Heb “I, in innocence, I will see your face.” To “see” God’s “face” means to have access to his presence and to experience his favor (see Ps 11:7; see also Job 33:26 [where רָאָה (ra’ah), not חָזַה (khazah), is used]). Here, however, the psalmist may be anticipating a mystical experience. See the following note on the word “me.”
[17:15] 18 tn Heb “I will be satisfied, when I awake, [with] your form.” The noun תְּמוּנָה (tÿmunah) normally carries the nuance “likeness” or “form.” In Job 4:16 it refers to a ghostlike spiritual entity (see v. 15) that revealed itself to Eliphaz during the night. The psalmist may anticipate a mystical encounter with God in which he expects to see a manifestation of God’s presence (i.e., a theophany), perhaps in conjunction with an oracle of deliverance. During the quiet darkness of the night, God examines the psalmist’s inner motives and finds them to be pure (see v. 3). The psalmist is confident that when he awakens, perhaps sometime during the night or in the morning, he will be visited by God and assured of vindication.
