Psalms 78:45

78:45 He sent swarms of biting insects against them, ¹ 

as well as frogs that overran their land. ² 

Psalms 106:41

106:41 He handed them over to ³  the nations,

and those who hated them ruled over them.

Psalms 107:5

107:5 They were hungry and thirsty;

they fainted from exhaustion. ⁴ 

Psalms 19:11

19:11 Yes, your servant finds moral guidance there; ⁵ 

those who obey them receive a rich reward. ⁶ 

Psalms 115:8

115:8 Those who make them will end up ⁷  like them,

as will everyone who trusts in them.

Psalms 135:18

135:18 Those who make them will end up ⁸  like them,

as will everyone who trusts in them.

Psalms 10:5

10:5 He is secure at all times. ⁹ 

He has no regard for your commands; ¹⁰ 

he disdains all his enemies. ¹¹ 

Psalms 19:4

19:4 Yet its voice ¹²  echoes ¹³  throughout the earth;

its ¹⁴  words carry ¹⁵  to the distant horizon. ¹⁶ 

In the sky ¹⁷  he has pitched a tent for the sun. ¹⁸ 

Psalms 78:31

78:31 when the anger of God flared up against them.

He killed some of the strongest of them;

he brought the young men of Israel to their knees.

Psalms 89:2

89:2 For I say, “Loyal love is permanently established; ¹⁹ 

in the skies you set up your faithfulness.” ²⁰ 

Psalms 139:16

139:16 Your eyes saw me when I was inside the womb. ²¹ 

All the days ordained for me

were recorded in your scroll

before one of them came into existence. ²² 

Psalms 149:9

149:9 and execute the judgment to which their enemies ²³  have been sentenced. ²⁴ 

All his loyal followers will be vindicated. ²⁵ 

Praise the Lord!

Psalms 90:10

90:10 The days of our lives add up to seventy years, ²⁶ 

or eighty, if one is especially strong. ²⁷ 

But even one’s best years are marred by trouble and oppression. ²⁸ 

Yes, ²⁹  they pass quickly ³⁰  and we fly away. ³¹ 

[78:45]  ¹ tn Heb “and he sent an insect swarm against them and it devoured them.”

[78:45]  ² tn Heb “and a swarm of frogs and it destroyed them.”

[106:41]  ³ tn Heb “gave them into the hand of.”

[107:5]  ⁵ tn Heb “and their soul in them fainted.”

[19:11]  ⁷ tn Heb “moreover your servant is warned by them.”

[19:11]  ⁸ tn Heb “in the keeping of them [there is] a great reward.”

[115:8]  ⁹ tn Heb “will be.” Another option is to take the prefixed verbal form as a prayer, “may those who make them end up like them.”

[135:18]  ¹¹ tn Heb “will be.” Another option is to take the prefixed verbal form as a prayer, “may those who make them end up like them.”

[10:5]  ¹³ tn Heb “they are firm, his ways, at every time.” The verb חַיִל (khayil, “be firm, be strong”) occurs only here and in Job 20:21, where it has the sense “endure.”

[10:5]  ¹⁴ tc Heb “[on a] height, your judgments from before him.” If the MT is retained, then the idea may be that God’s “judgments” are high above (i.e., not recognized) by the wicked man. However, the syntax is awkward. The translation assumes an emendation of מָרוֹם (marom, “height”) to סָרוּ (saru, “[your judgments] are turned aside”), the final mem (ם) being dittographic (note the initial mem on the immediately following word [מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ, mishÿfatekha, “your judgments”). “Judgments” probably refers here to God’s laws or commands, rather than his judicial decisions or acts of judgment.

[10:5]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “all his enemies, he snorts against them.” This may picture the wicked man defiantly challenging his enemies because he is confident of success. Another option is to take יָפִיחַ (yafiakh) from the root יָפַח (yafakh, “to testify”) and translate “he testifies against all his enemies,” implying that he gets the upper hand over them in legal battles. The noun יָפֵחַ (yafeakh, “witness”) is attested in biblical Hebrew (see Prov 6:19; 12:17; 14:5, 25; 19:5, 9, and Hab 2:3). The verb, however, is not clearly attested.

[19:4]  ¹⁵ tc The MT reads, “their measuring line” (קוּם, qum). The noun קַו (qav, “measuring line”) makes no sense in this context. The reading קוֹלָם (qolam, “their voice”) which is supported by the LXX, is preferable.

[19:4]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “goes out,” or “proceeds forth.”

[19:4]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “their” (see the note on the word “its” in v. 3).

[19:4]  ¹⁸ tn The verb is supplied in the translation. The Hebrew text has no verb; יָצָא (yatsa’, “goes out”) is understood by ellipsis.

[19:4]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “to the end of the world.”

[19:4]  ²⁰ tn Heb “in them” (i.e., the heavens).

[19:4]  ²¹ sn He has pitched a tent for the sun. The personified sun emerges from this “tent” in order to make its daytime journey across the sky. So the “tent” must refer metaphorically to the place where the sun goes to rest during the night.

[89:2]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “built.”

[89:2]  ¹⁸ sn You set up your faithfulness. This may allude to the Lord’s heavenly throne, which symbolizes his just rule and from which the Lord decrees his unconditional promises (see vv. 8, 14).

[139:16]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “Your eyes saw my shapeless form.” The Hebrew noun גֹּלֶם (golem) occurs only here in the OT. In later Hebrew the word refers to “a lump, a shapeless or lifeless substance,” and to “unfinished matter, a vessel wanting finishing” (Jastrow 222 s.v. גּוֹלֶם). The translation employs the dynamic rendering “when I was inside the womb” to clarify that the speaker was still in his mother’s womb at the time he was “seen” by God.

[139:16]  ²⁰ tn Heb “and on your scroll all of them were written, [the] days [which] were formed, and [there was] not one among them.” This “scroll” may be the “scroll of life” mentioned in Ps 69:28 (see the note on the word “living” there).

[149:9]  ²¹ tn Heb “they”; the referent (the enemies of the people of God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[149:9]  ²² tn Heb “to do against them judgment [that] is written.”

[149:9]  ²³ tn Heb “it is honor for all his godly ones.” The judgment of the oppressive kings will bring vindication and honor to God’s people (see vv. 4-5).

[90:10]  ²³ tn Heb “the days of our years, in them [are] seventy years.”

[90:10]  ²⁴ tn Heb “or if [there is] strength, eighty years.”

[90:10]  ²⁵ tn Heb “and their pride [is] destruction and wickedness.” The Hebrew noun רֹהַב (rohav) occurs only here. BDB 923 s.v. assigns the meaning “pride,” deriving the noun from the verbal root רהב (“to act stormily [boisterously, arrogantly]”). Here the “pride” of one’s days (see v. 9) probably refers to one’s most productive years in the prime of life. The words translated “destruction and wickedness” are also paired in Ps 10:7. They also appear in proximity in Pss 7:14 and 55:10. The oppressive and abusive actions of evil men are probably in view (see Job 4:8; 5:6; 15:35; Isa 10:1; 59:4).

[90:10]  ²⁶ tn or “for.”

[90:10]  ²⁷ tn Heb “it passes quickly.” The subject of the verb is probably “their pride” (see the preceding line). The verb גּוּז (guz) means “to pass” here; it occurs only here and in Num 11:31.

[90:10]  ²⁸ sn We fly away. The psalmist compares life to a bird that quickly flies off (see Job 20:8).