Revelation 1:15

1:15 His feet were like polished bronze ¹  refined ²  in a furnace, and his voice was like the roar ³  of many waters.

Revelation 3:15

3:15 ‘I know your deeds, that you are neither cold nor hot. ⁴  I wish you were either cold or hot!

Revelation 14:12

14:12 This requires ⁵  the steadfast endurance ⁶  of the saints – those who obey ⁷  God’s commandments and hold to ⁸  their faith in Jesus. ⁹ 

Revelation 22:13

22:13 I am the Alpha and the Omega,

the first and the last,

the beginning and the end!) ¹⁰ 

Revelation 5:13

5:13 Then ¹¹  I heard every creature – in heaven, on earth, under the earth, in the sea, and all that is in them – singing: ¹² 

“To the one seated on the throne and to the Lamb

be praise, honor, glory, and ruling power ¹³  forever and ever!”

Revelation 16:19

16:19 The ¹⁴  great city was split into three parts and the cities of the nations ¹⁵  collapsed. ¹⁶  So ¹⁷  Babylon the great was remembered before God, and was given the cup ¹⁸  filled with the wine made of God’s furious wrath. ¹⁹ 

Revelation 18:19

18:19 And they threw dust on their heads and were shouting with weeping and mourning, ²⁰ 

“Woe, Woe, O great city –

in which all those who had ships on the sea got rich from her wealth –

because in a single hour she has been destroyed!” ²¹ 

[1:15]  ¹ tn The precise meaning of the term translated “polished bronze” (χαλκολιβάνῳ, calkolibanw), which appears nowhere else in Greek literature outside of the book of Revelation (see 2:18), is uncertain. Without question it is some sort of metal. BDAG 1076 s.v. χαλκολίβανον suggests “fine brass/bronze.” L&N 2.57 takes the word to refer to particularly valuable or fine bronze, but notes that the emphasis here and in Rev 2:18 is more on the lustrous quality of the metal.

[1:15]  ² tn Or “that has been heated in a furnace until it glows.”

[1:15]  ³ tn Grk “sound,” but the idea is closer to the roar of a waterfall or rapids.

[3:15]  ⁴ sn Laodicea was near two other towns, each of which had a unique water source. To the north was Hierapolis which had a natural hot spring, often used for medicinal purposes. To the east was Colossae which had cold, pure waters. In contrast to these towns, Laodicea had no permanent supply of good water. Efforts to pipe water to the city from nearby springs were successful, but it would arrive lukewarm. The metaphor in the text is not meant to relate spiritual fervor to temperature. This would mean that Laodicea would be commended for being spiritually cold, but it is unlikely that Jesus would commend this. Instead, the metaphor condemns Laodicea for not providing spiritual healing (being hot) or spiritual refreshment (being cold) to those around them. It is a condemnation of their lack of works and lack of witness.

[14:12]  ⁷ tn Grk “Here is.”

[14:12]  ⁸ tn Or “the perseverance.”

[14:12]  ⁹ tn Grk “who keep.”

[14:12]  ¹⁰ tn The words “hold to” are implied as a repetition of the participle translated “keep” (οἱ τηροῦντες, Joi throunte").

[14:12]  ¹¹ tn Grk “faith of Jesus.” The construction may mean either “faith in Jesus” or “faithful to Jesus.” Either translation implies that ᾿Ιησοῦ (Ihsou) is to be taken as an objective genitive; the difference is more lexical than grammatical because πίστις (pistis) can mean either “faith” or “faithfulness.”

[22:13]  ¹⁰ sn These lines are parenthetical, forming an aside to the narrative. The speaker here is the Lord Jesus Christ himself rather than the narrator.

[5:13]  ¹³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[5:13]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “saying.”

[5:13]  ¹⁵ tn Or “dominion.”

[16:19]  ¹⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[16:19]  ¹⁷ tn Or “of the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).

[16:19]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “fell.”

[16:19]  ¹⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Babylon’s misdeeds (see Rev 14:8).

[16:19]  ²⁰ tn Grk “the cup of the wine of the anger of the wrath of him.” The concatenation of four genitives has been rendered somewhat differently by various translations (see the note on the word “wrath”).

[16:19]  ²¹ tn Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός (qumo") and ὀργή (orgh) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature (Exod 32:12; Jer 32:37; Lam 2:3; CD 10:9). Thus in Rev 14:8 (to which the present passage alludes) and 18:3 there is irony: The wine of immoral behavior with which Babylon makes the nations drunk becomes the wine of God’s wrath for her.

[18:19]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “with weeping and mourning, saying.” Here the participle λέγοντες (legontes) has not been translated because it is redundant in contemporary English.

[18:19]  ²⁰ tn On ἡρημώθη (Jhrhmwqh) L&N 20.41 states, “to suffer destruction, with the implication of being deserted and abandoned – ‘to be destroyed, to suffer destruction, to suffer desolation.’ ἐρημόομαι: μιᾷ ὥρᾳ ἠρημώθη ὁ τοσοῦτος πλοῦτος ‘such great wealth has been destroyed within a single hour’ Re 18:17.”