Discovery BoxRevelation 16:13-21
Context16:13 Then 1 I saw three unclean spirits 2 that looked like frogs coming out of the mouth of the dragon, out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet. 16:14 For they are the spirits of the demons performing signs who go out to the kings of the earth 3 to bring them together for the battle that will take place on the great day of God, the All-Powerful. 4
16:15 (Look! I will come like a thief!
Blessed is the one who stays alert and does not lose 5 his clothes so that he will not have to walk around naked and his shameful condition 6 be seen.) 7
16:16 Now 8 the spirits 9 gathered the kings and their armies 10 to the place that is called Armageddon 11 in Hebrew.
16:17 Finally 12 the seventh angel 13 poured out his bowl into the air and a loud voice came out of the temple from the throne, saying: “It is done!” 16:18 Then 14 there were flashes of lightning, roaring, 15 and crashes of thunder, and there was a tremendous earthquake – an earthquake unequaled since humanity 16 has been on the earth, so tremendous was that earthquake. 16:19 The 17 great city was split into three parts and the cities of the nations 18 collapsed. 19 So 20 Babylon the great was remembered before God, and was given the cup 21 filled with the wine made of God’s furious wrath. 22 16:20 Every 23 island fled away 24 and no mountains could be found. 25 16:21 And gigantic hailstones, weighing about a hundred pounds 26 each, fell from heaven 27 on people, 28 but they 29 blasphemed God because of the plague of hail, since it 30 was so horrendous. 31
[16:13] 1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[16:13] 2 sn According to the next verse, these three unclean spirits are spirits of demons.
[16:14] 3 tn BDAG 699 s.v. οἰκουμένη 1 states, “the inhabited earth, the world…ὅλη ἡ οἰκ. the whole inhabited earth…Mt 24:14; Ac 11:28; Rv 3:10; 16:14.”
[16:14] 4 tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”
[16:15] 5 tn Grk “and keeps.” BDAG 1002 s.v. τηρέω 2.c states “of holding on to someth. so as not to give it up or lose it…τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ Rv 16:15 (or else he will have to go naked).”
[16:15] 6 tn On the translation of ἀσχημοσύνη (aschmosunh) as “shameful condition” see L&N 25.202. The indefinite third person plural (“and they see”) has been translated as a passive here.
[16:15] 7 sn These lines are parenthetical, forming an aside to the narrative. The speaker here is the Lord Jesus Christ himself rather than the narrator. Many interpreters have seen this verse as so abrupt that it could not be an original part of the work, but the author has used such asides before (1:7; 14:13) and the suddenness here (on the eve of Armageddon) is completely parallel to Jesus’ warning in Mark 13:15-16 and parallels.
[16:16] 8 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the resumption and conclusion of the remarks about the pouring out of the sixth bowl.
[16:16] 9 tn Grk “they”; the referent (the demonic spirits, v. 14) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[16:16] 10 tn Grk “gathered them”; the referent (the kings and [implied] their armies, v. 14) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[16:16] 11 tc There are many variations in the spelling of this name among the Greek
[16:17] 12 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “finally” to indicate the conclusion of the seven bowl judgments.
[16:17] 13 tn Grk “the seventh”; the referent (the seventh angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[16:18] 14 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[16:18] 15 tn Or “sounds,” “voices.” It is not entirely clear what this refers to. BDAG 1071 s.v. φωνή 1 states, “In Rv we have ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί (cp. Ex 19:16) 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (are certain other sounds in nature thought of here in addition to thunder, as e.g. the roar of the storm?…).”
[16:18] 16 tn The singular ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used generically here to refer to the human race.
[16:19] 17 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[16:19] 18 tn Or “of the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
[16:19] 20 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Babylon’s misdeeds (see Rev 14:8).
[16:19] 21 tn Grk “the cup of the wine of the anger of the wrath of him.” The concatenation of four genitives has been rendered somewhat differently by various translations (see the note on the word “wrath”).
[16:19] 22 tn Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός (qumo") and ὀργή (orgh) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature (Exod 32:12; Jer 32:37; Lam 2:3; CD 10:9). Thus in Rev 14:8 (to which the present passage alludes) and 18:3 there is irony: The wine of immoral behavior with which Babylon makes the nations drunk becomes the wine of God’s wrath for her.
[16:20] 23 tn Grk “And every.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[16:20] 25 sn Every island fled away and no mountains could be found. Major geographical and topographical changes will accompany the Day of the Lord.
[16:21] 26 tn Here BDAG 988 s.v. ταλαντιαῖος states, “weighing a talent…χάλαζα μεγάλη ὡς ταλαντιαία a severe hailstorm with hailstones weighing a talent (the talent=125 librae, or Roman pounds of c. 343 gr. or 12 ounces each) (weighing about a hundred pounds NRSV) Rv 16:21.” This means each hailstone would weigh just under 100 pounds or 40 kilograms.
[16:21] 27 tn Or “the sky.” Due to the apocalyptic nature of this book, it is probably best to leave the translation as “from heaven,” since God is ultimately the source of the judgment.
[16:21] 28 tn Grk “on men,” but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used here in a generic sense to refer to people in general (the hailstones did not single out adult males, but would have also fallen on women and children).
[16:21] 29 tn Grk “the men”; for stylistic reasons the pronoun “they” is used here.
[16:21] 30 tn Grk “the plague of it.”
[16:21] 31 tn Grk “since the plague of it was exceedingly great.”
