Revelation 16:8-11

16:8 Then ¹  the fourth angel ²  poured out his bowl on the sun, and it was permitted to scorch people ³  with fire. 16:9 Thus ⁴  people ⁵  were scorched by the terrible heat, ⁶  yet ⁷  they blasphemed the name of God, who has ruling authority ⁸  over these plagues, and they would not repent and give him glory.

16:10 Then ⁹  the fifth angel ¹⁰  poured out his bowl on the throne of the beast so that ¹¹  darkness covered his kingdom, ¹²  and people ¹³  began to bite ¹⁴  their tongues because ¹⁵  of their pain. 16:11 They blasphemed the God of heaven because of their sufferings ¹⁶  and because of their sores, ¹⁷  but nevertheless ¹⁸  they still refused to repent ¹⁹  of their deeds.

[16:8]  ¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[16:8]  ² tn Grk “the fourth”; the referent (the fourth angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[16:8]  ³ tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.

[16:9]  ⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the bowl poured on the sun.

[16:9]  ⁵ tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.

[16:9]  ⁶ tn On this phrase BDAG 536 s.v. καῦμα states, “burning, heat Rv 7:16…καυματίζεσθαι κ. μέγα be burned with a scorching heat 16:9.”

[16:9]  ⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

[16:9]  ⁸ tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

[16:10]  ⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[16:10]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “the fifth”; the referent (the fifth angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[16:10]  ¹¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so that” to indicate the implied result of the fifth bowl being poured out.

[16:10]  ¹² tn Grk “his kingdom became dark.”

[16:10]  ¹³ tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.

[16:10]  ¹⁴ tn On this term BDAG 620 s.v. μασάομαι states, “bite w. acc. τὰς γλώσσας bite their tongues Rv 16:10.”

[16:10]  ¹⁵ tn The preposition ἐκ (ek) has been translated here and twice in the following verse with a causal sense.

[16:11]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “pains” (the same term in Greek [πόνος, ponos] as the last word in v. 11, here translated “sufferings” because it is plural). BDAG 852 s.v. 2 states, “ἐκ τοῦ π. in pain…Rv 16:10; pl. (Gen 41:51; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 146; Test. Jud. 18:4) ἐκ τῶν π. …because of their sufferings vs. 11.”

[16:11]  ¹⁷ tn Or “ulcerated sores” (see 16:2).

[16:11]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “and they did not repent.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but nevertheless” to express the contrast here.

[16:11]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “they did not repent” The addition of “still refused” reflects the hardness of people’s hearts in the context.