Discovery BoxRevelation 21:1-12
Context21:1 Then 1 I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and earth had ceased to exist, 2 and the sea existed no more. 21:2 And I saw the holy city – the new Jerusalem – descending out of heaven from God, made ready like a bride adorned for her husband. 21:3 And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying: “Look! The residence 3 of God is among human beings. 4 He 5 will live among them, and they will be his people, and God himself will be with them. 6 21:4 He 7 will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and death will not exist any more – or mourning, or crying, or pain, for the former things have ceased to exist.” 8
21:5 And the one seated on the throne said: “Look! I am making all things new!” Then 9 he said to me, “Write it down, 10 because these words are reliable 11 and true.” 21:6 He also said to me, “It is done! 12 I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. To the one who is thirsty I will give water 13 free of charge 14 from the spring of the water of life. 21:7 The one who conquers 15 will inherit these things, and I will be his God and he will be my son. 21:8 But to the cowards, unbelievers, detestable persons, murderers, the sexually immoral, and those who practice magic spells, 16 idol worshipers, 17 and all those who lie, their place 18 will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur. 19 That 20 is the second death.”
21:9 Then 21 one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls full of the seven final plagues came and spoke to me, 22 saying, “Come, I will show you the bride, the wife of the Lamb!” 21:10 So 23 he took me away in the Spirit 24 to a huge, majestic mountain 25 and showed me the holy city, Jerusalem, descending out of heaven from God. 21:11 The city possesses 26 the glory of God; its brilliance is like a precious jewel, like a stone of crystal-clear jasper. 27 21:12 It has 28 a massive, high wall 29 with twelve gates, 30 with twelve angels at the gates, and the names of the twelve tribes of the nation of Israel 31 are written on the gates. 32
[21:1] 1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[21:1] 2 tn For the translation of ἀπέρχομαι (apercomai; here ἀπῆλθαν [aphlqan]) L&N 13.93 has “to go out of existence – ‘to cease to exist, to pass away, to cease.’”
[21:3] 3 tn Or “dwelling place”; traditionally, “tabernacle”; literally “tent.”
[21:3] 4 tn Or “people”; Grk “men” (ἀνθρώπων, anqrwpwn), a generic use of the term. In the translation “human beings” was used here because “people” occurs later in the verse and translates a different Greek word (λαοί, laoi).
[21:3] 5 tn Grk “men, and he.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
[21:3] 6 tc ‡ Most
[21:4] 7 tn Grk “God, and he.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
[21:4] 8 tn For the translation of ἀπέρχομαι (apercomai; here ἀπῆλθαν [aphlqan]) L&N 13.93 has “to go out of existence – ‘to cease to exist, to pass away, to cease.’”
[21:5] 9 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[21:5] 10 tn The words “it down” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
[21:6] 12 tn Or “It has happened.”
[21:6] 13 tn The word “water” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
[21:6] 14 tn Or “as a free gift” (see L&N 57.85).
[21:7] 15 tn Or “who is victorious”; traditionally, “who overcomes.”
[21:8] 16 tn On the term φαρμακεία (farmakeia, “magic spells”) see L&N 53.100: “the use of magic, often involving drugs and the casting of spells upon people – ‘to practice magic, to cast spells upon, to engage in sorcery, magic, sorcery.’ φαρμακεία: ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σου ἐπλανήθησαν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ‘with your magic spells you deceived all the peoples (of the world)’ Re 18:23.”
[21:8] 18 tn Grk “their share.”
[21:8] 19 tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”
[21:8] 20 tn Grk “sulfur, which is.” The relative pronoun has been translated as “that” to indicate its connection to the previous clause. The nearest logical antecedent is “the lake [that burns with fire and sulfur],” although “lake” (λίμνη, limnh) is feminine gender, while the pronoun “which” (ὅ, Jo) is neuter gender. This means that (1) the proper antecedent could be “their place” (Grk “their share,”) agreeing with the relative pronoun in number and gender, or (2) the neuter pronoun still has as its antecedent the feminine noun “lake,” since agreement in gender between pronoun and antecedent was not always maintained, with an explanatory phrase occurring with a neuter pronoun regardless of the case of the antecedent. In favor of the latter explanation is Rev 20:14, where the phrase “the lake of fire” is in apposition to the phrase “the second death.”
[21:9] 21 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[21:9] 22 tn Grk “with me.” The translation “with me” implies that John was engaged in a dialogue with the one speaking to him (e.g., Jesus or an angel) when in reality it was a one-sided conversation, with John doing all the listening. For this reason, μετ᾿ ἐμοῦ (met’ emou, “with me”) was translated as “to me.” See also v. 15.
[21:10] 23 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the angel’s invitation.
[21:10] 24 tn Or “in the spirit.” “Spirit” could refer either to the Holy Spirit or the human spirit, but in either case John was in “a state of spiritual exaltation best described as a trance” (R. H. Mounce, Revelation [NICNT], 75).
[21:10] 25 tn Grk “to a mountain great and high.”
[21:11] 26 tn Grk “from God, having the glory of God.” Here a new sentence was started in the translation by supplying the words “the city” to refer back to the previous clause and translating the participle (“having”) as a finite verb.
[21:11] 27 tn On the term ἰάσπιδι (iaspidi) BDAG 465 s.v. ἴασπις states, “jasper, a precious stone found in various colors, mostly reddish, somet. green…brown, blue, yellow, and white. In antiquity the name was not limited to the variety of quartz now called jasper, but could designate any opaque precious stone. Rv 21:18f. W. λίθος 4:3 (TestSol C 11:8). λίθος ἴασπις κρυσταλλίζων a stone of crystal-clear jasper 21:11 (cp. Is 54:12); perh. the opal is meant here; acc. to some, the diamond.”
[21:12] 28 tn Grk “jasper, having.” Here a new sentence was started in the translation.
[21:12] 29 tn Grk “a (city) wall great and high.”
[21:12] 30 tn On this term BDAG 897 s.v. πυλών 1 states, “gate, esp. of the large, impressive gateways at the entrance of temples and palaces…of the entrances of the heavenly Jerusalem…οἱ πυλῶνες αὐτῆς οὐ μὴ κλεισθῶσιν its entrances shall never be shut Rv 21:25; cp. vss. 12ab, 13abcd, 15, 21ab; 22:14.”
[21:12] 31 tn Grk “of the sons of Israel.” The translation “nation of Israel” is given in L&N 11.58.
[21:12] 32 tn Grk “on them”; the referent (the gates) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
