Revelation 21:12

21:12 It has ¹  a massive, high wall ²  with twelve gates, ³  with twelve angels at the gates, and the names of the twelve tribes of the nation of Israel ⁴  are written on the gates. ⁵ 

Revelation 1:7

1:7 (Look! He is returning with the clouds, ⁶ 

and every eye will see him,

even ⁷  those who pierced him, ⁸ 

and all the tribes ⁹  on the earth will mourn because ¹⁰  of him.

This will certainly come to pass! ¹¹  Amen.) ¹² 

Revelation 11:9

11:9 For three and a half days those from every ¹³  people, tribe, ¹⁴  nation, and language will look at their corpses, because they will not permit them to be placed in a tomb. ¹⁵ 

Revelation 7:4

7:4 Now ¹⁶  I heard the number of those who were marked with the seal, ¹⁷  one hundred and forty-four thousand, sealed from all ¹⁸  the tribes of the people of Israel: ¹⁹ 

Revelation 7:9

7:9 After these things I looked, and here was ²⁰  an enormous crowd that no one could count, made up of persons from every nation, tribe, ²¹  people, and language, standing before the throne and before the Lamb dressed in long white robes, and with palm branches in their hands.

[21:12]  ¹ tn Grk “jasper, having.” Here a new sentence was started in the translation.

[21:12]  ² tn Grk “a (city) wall great and high.”

[21:12]  ³ tn On this term BDAG 897 s.v. πυλών 1 states, “gate, esp. of the large, impressive gateways at the entrance of temples and palaces…of the entrances of the heavenly Jerusalem…οἱ πυλῶνες αὐτῆς οὐ μὴ κλεισθῶσιν its entrances shall never be shut Rv 21:25; cp. vss. 12ab, 13abcd, 15, 21ab; 22:14.”

[21:12]  ⁴ tn Grk “of the sons of Israel.” The translation “nation of Israel” is given in L&N 11.58.

[21:12]  ⁵ tn Grk “on them”; the referent (the gates) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:7]  ⁶ sn An allusion to Dan 7:13.

[1:7]  ⁷ tn Here καί (kai) was translated as ascensive.

[1:7]  ⁸ sn An allusion to Zech 12:10.

[1:7]  ⁹ tn In this context, tribes (φυλαί, fulai) could also be translated as “nations” or “peoples” (L&N 11.56).

[1:7]  ¹⁰ tn The conjunction ἐπί (epi) is most likely causal here. The people who crucified him are those of every tribe on the earth and they will mourn because he comes as judge.

[1:7]  ¹¹ tn Grk “Yes, Amen.” The expression “This will certainly come to pass” is an attempt to capture the force of the juxtaposition of the Greek ναί (nai) and the Hebrew ἀμήν (amhn). See L&N 69.1.

[1:7]  ¹² sn These lines are placed in parentheses because they form an aside to the main argument.

[11:9]  ¹¹ tn The word “every” is not in the Greek text, but is implied by the following list.

[11:9]  ¹² tn The Greek term καί (kai) has not been translated before this and the following items in the list, since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[11:9]  ¹³ tn Or “to be buried.”

[7:4]  ¹⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of new but related material.

[7:4]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “who were sealed.”

[7:4]  ¹⁸ tn Normally, “every,” but since 144,000 is the total number, “all” is clearer here.

[7:4]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “the sons of Israel,” normally an idiom for the Israelites as an ethnic entity (L&N 11.58). However, many scholars understand the expression in this context to refer to Christians rather than ethnic Israelites.

[7:9]  ²¹ tn The phrase “and here was” expresses the sense of καὶ ἰδού (kai idou).

[7:9]  ²² tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated before each of the following categories, since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.