Romans 1:28

1:28 And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God, ¹  God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do what should not be done. ² 

Romans 2:29

2:29 but someone is a Jew who is one inwardly, and circumcision is of the heart ³  by the Spirit ⁴  and not by the written code. ⁵  This person’s ⁶  praise is not from people but from God.

Romans 4:12

4:12 And he is also the father of the circumcised, ⁷  who are not only circumcised, but who also walk in the footsteps of the faith that our father Abraham possessed when he was still uncircumcised. ⁸ 

Romans 6:16

6:16 Do you not know that if you present yourselves ⁹  as obedient slaves, ¹⁰  you are slaves of the one you obey, either of sin resulting in death, or obedience resulting in righteousness? ¹¹ 

Romans 8:32

8:32 Indeed, he who ¹²  did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all – how will he not also, along with him, freely give us all things?

Romans 9:21

9:21 Has the potter no right to make from the same lump of clay ¹³  one vessel for special use and another for ordinary use? ¹⁴ 

Romans 9:25

9:25 As he also says in Hosea:

“I will call those who were not my people, ‘My people,’ and I will call her who was unloved, ¹⁵  ‘My beloved.’” ¹⁶ 

Romans 11:4

11:4 But what was the divine response ¹⁷  to him? “I have kept for myself seven thousand people ¹⁸  who have not bent the knee to Baal.” ¹⁹ 

Romans 11:7

11:7 What then? Israel failed to obtain what it was diligently seeking, but the elect obtained it. The ²⁰  rest were hardened,

Romans 16:4

16:4 who risked their own necks for my life. Not only I, but all the churches of the Gentiles are grateful to them.

[1:28]  ¹ tn Grk “and just as they did not approve to have God in knowledge.”

[1:28]  ² tn Grk “the things that are improper.”

[2:29]  ³ sn On circumcision is of the heart see Lev 26:41; Deut 10:16; Jer 4:4; Ezek 44:9.

[2:29]  ⁴ tn Some have taken the phrase ἐν πνεύματι (en pneumati, “by/in [the] S/spirit”) not as a reference to the Holy Spirit, but referring to circumcision as “spiritual and not literal” (RSV).

[2:29]  ⁵ tn Grk “letter.”

[2:29]  ⁶ tn Grk “whose.” The relative pronoun has been replaced by the phrase “this person’s” and, because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started in the translation.

[4:12]  ⁵ tn Grk “the father of circumcision.”

[4:12]  ⁶ tn Grk “the ‘in-uncircumcision faith’ of our father Abraham.”

[6:16]  ⁷ tn Grk “to whom you present yourselves.”

[6:16]  ⁸ tn Grk “as slaves for obedience.” See the note on the word “slave” in 1:1.

[6:16]  ⁹ tn Grk “either of sin unto death, or obedience unto righteousness.”

[8:32]  ⁹ tn Grk “[he] who.” The relative clause continues the question of v. 31 in a way that is awkward in English. The force of v. 32 is thus: “who indeed did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all – How will he not also with him give us all things?”

[9:21]  ¹¹ tn Grk “Or does not the potter have authority over the clay to make from the same lump.”

[9:21]  ¹² tn Grk “one vessel for honor and another for dishonor.”

[9:25]  ¹³ tn Grk “and her who was not beloved, ‘Beloved.’”

[9:25]  ¹⁴ sn A quotation from Hos 2:23.

[11:4]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “the revelation,” “the oracle.”

[11:4]  ¹⁶ tn The Greek term here is ἀνήρ (anhr), which only exceptionally is used in a generic sense of both males and females. In this context, it appears to be a generic usage (“people”) since when Paul speaks of a remnant of faithful Israelites (“the elect,” v. 7), he is not referring to males only. It can also be argued, however, that it refers only to adult males here (“men”), perhaps as representative of all the faithful left in Israel.

[11:4]  ¹⁷ sn A quotation from 1 Kgs 19:18.

[11:7]  ¹⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.