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19:1 Later <0310> King <04428> Nahash <05176> of the Ammonites <05983> <01121> died <04191> and his son <01121> succeeded <08478> <04427> him. 19:2 David <01732> said <0559>, “I will express <06213> my loyalty <02617> to <05973> Hanun <02586> son <01121> of Nahash <05176>, for <03588> his father <01> was loyal <02617> <06213> to <05973> me.” So David <01732> sent <07971> messengers <04397> to express <05162> his sympathy <05162> over <05921> his father’s <01> death. When David’s <01732> servants <05650> entered <0413> <0935> Ammonite <05983> <01121> territory <0776> to <0413> visit Hanun <02586> and express <05162> the king’s sympathy <05162>, 19:3 the Ammonite <05983> <01121> officials <08269> said <0559> to Hanun <02586>, “Do you really think <05869> David <01732> is trying to honor <03513> your father <01> by <03588> sending <07971> these messengers to express <05162> his sympathy <05162>? No <03808>, his servants <05650> have come <0935> to <0413> you so they can get information <02713> and spy out <07270> the land <0776>!” 19:4 So Hanun <02586> seized <03947> David’s <01732> servants <05650> and shaved their beards off <01548>. He cut off <03772> the lower part <02677> of their robes <04063> so that <05704> their buttocks <04667> were exposed and then sent <07971> them away <07971>. 19:5 Messengers came <01980> and told <05046> David <01732> what had happened to the men <0582>, so he summoned <07971> them, for <03588> the men <0582> were <01961> thoroughly <03966> humiliated <03637>. The king <04428> said <0559>, “Stay <03427> in Jericho <03405> until <05704> your beards <02206> grow <06779> again; then you may come back <07725>.” 19:6 When the Ammonites <05983> <01121> realized <07200> that <03588> David <01732> was disgusted <0887> with them, Hanun <02586> and the Ammonites <05983> <01121> sent <07971> 1,000 <0505> talents <03603> of silver <03701> to hire <07936> chariots <07393> and charioteers <06571> from <04480> Aram Naharaim <0763>, Aram <0758> Maacah <04601>, and Zobah <06678>. 19:7 They hired <07936> 32,000 <0505> <07970> <08147> chariots <07393>, along with the king <04428> of Maacah <04601> and his army <05971>, who came <0935> and camped <02583> in front <06440> of Medeba <04311>. The Ammonites <05983> <01121> also assembled <0622> from their cities <05892> and marched <0935> out to do battle <04421>. 19:8 When David <01732> heard <08085> the news, he sent <07971> Joab <03097> and the entire <03605> army <06635> to meet them. 19:9 The Ammonites <05983> <01121> marched out <03318> and were deployed <06186> for battle <04421> at the entrance <06607> to the city <05892>, while the kings <04428> who <0834> had come <0935> were by themselves <0905> in the field <07704>. 19:10 When Joab <03097> saw <07200> that <03588> the battle <04421> would be <01961> fought <06440> on <0413> two fronts <0268> <06440>, he chose <0977> some of Israel’s <03478> best men <0970> and deployed <06186> them against <07125> the Arameans <0758>. 19:11 He put <05414> his <03027> brother <0251> Abishai <052> in charge of the rest <03499> of the army <05971> and they were deployed <06186> against <07125> the Ammonites <05983>. 19:12 Joab said <0559>, “If <0518> the Arameans <0758> start to overpower <04480> <02388> me, you come <01961> to my rescue <08668>. If <0518> the Ammonites <05983> <01121> start to overpower <04480> <02388> you, I will come to your rescue <03467>. 19:13 Be strong <02388>! Let’s fight bravely <02388> for the sake <01157> of our people <05971> and the cities <05892> of our God <0430>! The Lord <03068> will do <06213> what he decides <05869> is best <02896>!” 19:14 So Joab <03097> and <05973> his men <05971> marched <05066> toward <06440> the Arameans <0758> to do battle <04421>, and they fled <05127> before <06440> him. 19:15 When the Ammonites <05983> <01121> saw <07200> the Arameans <0758> flee <05127>, they <01992> fled <05127> before <06440> Joab’s brother <0251> Abishai <052> and withdrew <0935> into the city <05892>. Joab <03097> went back <0935> to Jerusalem <03389>. 19:16 When the Arameans <0758> realized <07200> they had been defeated <05062> by <06440> Israel <03478>, they sent <07971> for reinforcements <04397> from beyond <05676> the Euphrates River <05104>, led <06440> by Shophach <07780> the commanding general <08269> of Hadadezer’s <01909> army <06635>. 19:17 When David <01732> was informed <05046>, he gathered <0622> all <03605> Israel <03478>, crossed <05674> the Jordan River <03383>, and marched <0935> against <0413> them. David <01732> deployed <06186> his army against <07125> the Arameans <0758> for battle <04421> and they fought <03898> against <05973> him. 19:18 The Arameans <0758> fled <05127> before <06440> Israel <03478>. David <01732> killed <02026> 7,000 <0505> <07651> Aramean <0758> charioteers <07393> and 40,000 <0505> <0705> infantrymen <07273>; he also killed <04191> Shophach <07780> the commanding <06635> general <08269>. 19:19 When Hadadezer’s <01909> subjects <05650> saw <07200> they were defeated <05062> by <06440> Israel <03478>, they made peace <07999> with <05973> David <01732> and became <05647> his subjects <05647>. The Arameans <0758> were no <03808> longer <05750> willing <014> to help <03467> the Ammonites <05983> <01121>. 20:1 In the spring <08141> <08666>, at the time <06256> when kings <04428> normally conduct <03318> wars, Joab <03097> led <05090> the army <02426> into battle <06635> and devastated <07843> the land <0776> of the Ammonites <05983> <01121>. He went <0935> and besieged <06696> Rabbah <07237>, while David <01732> stayed <03427> in Jerusalem <03389>. Joab <03097> defeated <05221> Rabbah <07237> and tore <02040> it down <02040>. 20:2 David <01732> took <03947> the crown <05850> from <05921> the head <07218> of their king <04428> and wore <04672> it (its weight <04948> was a talent <03603> of gold <02091> and it was set <01961> with <05921> precious <03368> stones <068>). He <01732> took <03318> a large <03966> <07235> amount of plunder <07998> from the city <05892>. 20:3 He removed <03318> the city’s residents <05971> and made them do hard labor <07787> with saws <04050>, iron <01270> picks <02757>, and axes <04050>. This was his <01732> policy <06213> <03651> with all <03605> the Ammonite <05983> <01121> cities <05892>. Then David <01732> and all <03605> the army <05971> returned <07725> to Jerusalem <03389>.

• 1Ch 19:1--20:3 -- David's Campaign against the Ammonites

• Zobah

  [isbe] ZOBAH - zo'-ba (tsobhah; Souba): The name is derived by Halevy from zehobhah as referring to its supplies of "bright yellow" brass; but this word might be more appropriately used to contrast its cornfields with white Lebanon...
  [nave] ZOBAH, called also Zoba; Aram-zobah; Hamath-zobah. A kingdom in the N. of Palestine, 1 Sam. 14:47. Conquest of, by David, 2 Sam. 8:3-8, 12; 1 Kin. 11:23, 24; 1 Chr. 18:2-9. Its inhabitants mercenaries of the Ammonites again...
  

• Samuel, Books of

  [ebd] The LXX. translators regarded the books of Samuel and of Kings as forming one continuous history, which they divided into four books, which they called "Books of the Kingdom." The Vulgate version followed this division, but ...
  

• SHOPHACH

  [smith] (expansion), Shobach, the general of Hadarezer. (1 Chronicles 19:16,18) (B.C. 1034.)
  

• Rulers

  [nave] RULERS Appointed and removed by God. See: Government, God in. Chastised, Dan. 4. See: Nation. Monarchical, See: Kings. Patriarchal, Gen. 27:29, 37. Instances of Nimrod, Gen. 10:8-10. Abraham, Gen. 14:13-24; 17:6; 21:2...
  

• Rabbah

  [isbe] RABBAH - rab'-a: (1) (rabbah; Rhabba, Rhabbath, Rhabban. The full name is rabbath bene `ammon; he akra ton huion Ammon, Rhabbath huion Ammon, "Rabbah of the children of Ammon"): This alone of the cities of the Ammonites is m...
  [smith] (great). A very strong place on the east of the Jordan, and the chief city of the Ammonites. In five passages -- (3:11; 2 Samuel 12:26; 17:27; Jeremiah 49:2; Ezekiel 21:20) --it is styled at length Rabbath of the Ammonite...
  [nave] RABBAH 1. Called also Rabbath. A city E. of the Jordan, originally belonging to the Ammonites, Josh. 13:25. Bedstead of the giant Og kept at, Deut. 3:11. Taken by David, 2 Sam. 11:1; 12:26-31; 1 Chr. 20:1-3. Possessed aga...
  

• Medeba

  [ebd] waters of quiet, an ancient Moabite town (Num. 21:30). It was assigned to the tribe of Reuben (Josh. 13:16). Here was fought the great battle in which Joab defeated the Ammonites and their allies (1 Chr. 19:7-15; comp. 2 Sam...
  [isbe] MEDEBA - med'-e-ba (medhebha'; Maidaba, Medaba): The name may mean "gently flowing water," but the sense is doubtful. This city is first mentioned along with Heshbon and Dibon in an account of Israel's conquests (Nu 21:30). ...
  [nave] MEDEBA A city of Moab, Num. 21:30. An idolatrous high place, Isa. 15:2. Allotted to Reuben, Josh. 13:9, 16. David defeats army and the Ammonites at, 1 Chr. 19:7-15.
  

• Maachah

  [ebd] oppression, a small Syrian kingdom near Geshur, east of the Hauran, the district of Batanea (Josh. 13:13; 2 Sam. 10:6,8; 1 Chr. 19:7). (2.) A daughter of Talmai, king of the old native population of Geshur. She became one of...
  [nave] MAACHAH 1. Son of Nahor, Gen. 22:24. 2. Called also Maacah. Mother of Absalom, 2 Sam. 3:3; 1 Chr. 3:2. 3. Called also Maoch. Father of Achish, 1 Sam. 27:2; 1 Kin. 2:39. 4. Called also Michaiah. Mother of Abijam and grandm...
  

• MAACAH

  [isbe] MAACAH - ma'-a-ka (ma`akhah; Septuagint: Codex Vaticanus Mocha; Codex Alexandrinus Maacha): A small Syrian kingdom adjoining that of Geshur on the western border of Bashan, the inhabitants of which are called Maachathites (t...
  [smith] (oppression). The mother of Absalom; also called MAACHAH. (2 Samuel 3:3) Maacah, or (in (1 Chronicles 19:6,7)) Maachah, a small kingdom in close proximity to Palestine which appears to have lain outside Argob, (3:14) a...
  

• Joab

  [isbe] JOAB - jo'-ab (yo'-abh, "Yahweh is father"; Ioab): (1) Son of Zeruiah, David's sister. He was "captain of the host" (compare 2 Sam 19:13) under David. 1. Joab and Abner: (a) Joab is first introduced in the narrative of the w...
  [nave] JOAB 1. Son of David's sister, 1 Chr. 2:16. Commander of David's army, 2 Sam. 8:16; 20:23; 1 Chr. 11:6; 18:15; 27:34. Dedicated spoils of his battles, 1 Chr. 26:28. Defeated the Jebusites, 1 Chr. 11:6. Defeats and slays ...
  

• Hanun

  [isbe] HANUN - ha'-nun (chanun, "favored," "pitied"): (1) A son and successor of Nahash, king of Ammon. Upon the death of Nahash, David sent sympathetic communications to Hanun, which were misinterpreted and the messengers dishonor...
  [smith] (favored). Son of Nahash (2 Samuel 10:1,2; 1 Chronicles 19:1,2) king of Ammon, who dishonored the ambassadors of David, (2 Samuel 10:4) and involved the Ammonites in a disastrous war, (2 Samuel 12:31; 1 Chroni...
  [nave] HANUN, successor of Nahash as king of Ammon, dishonors David's ambassadors, 2 Sam. 10; 1 Chr. 19.
  

• Hadadezer

  [ebd] Hadad is help; called also Hadarezer, Adod is his help, the king of Zobah. Hanun, the king of the Ammonites, hired among others the army of Hadadezer to assist him in his war against David. Joab, who was sent against this co...
  [nave] HADADEZER, called also Hadarezer. King of Zobah, vanquished by David, 2 Sam. 8:3-13; 10:15-19; 1 Kin. 11:23; 1 Chr. 18:3-10; 19:6-19.
  

• HARD; HARDINESS; HARDDINESS; HARDLY

  [isbe] HARD; HARDINESS; HARDDINESS; HARDLY - hard, har'-di-nes, hard'-nes, hard'-li (qasheh, pala'; skleros) : The senses in which hard is used may be distinguished as: (1) "Firm," "stiff," opposite to soft: Job 41:24, yatsaq, "to ...
  

• GOLD

  [isbe] GOLD - gold (zahabh; chrusos): 1. Terms: No metal has been more frequently mentioned in Old Testament writings than gold, and none has had more terms applied to it. Among these terms the one most used is zahabh. The Arabic e...
  

• GIANTS

  [isbe] GIANTS - ji'-ants The word appears in the King James Version as the translation of the Hebrew words nephilim (Gen 6:4; Nu 13:33); repha'im (Dt 2:11,20; 3:11,13; Josh 12:4, etc.); rapha' (1 Ch 20:4,6,8), or raphah (2 Sam 21:1...
  

• GENEALOGY, 8 part 2

  [isbe] GENEALOGY, 8 part 2 - I. Primeval Genealogies (1 Chronicals 1:1-54). To show Israel's place among the nations; follows Genesis closely, omitting only the Cainites; boldly, skillfully compressed, as if the omitted facts were ...
  

• David

  [isbe] DAVID - da'-vid (dawidh, or dawidh, "beloved"; Daueid, also in New Testament, Dauid, Dabid; see Thayer's Lexicon): I. NAME AND GENEALOGY II. EARLY YEARS 1. Shepherd 2. Slinger 3. Harpist 4. Poet 5. Psalmist 6. Tribesman III....
  [nave] DAVID 1. King of Israel. Genealogy of, Ruth 4:18-22; 1 Sam. 16:11; 17:12; 1 Chr. 2:3-15; Matt. 1:1-6; Luke 3:31-38. A shepherd, 1 Sam. 16:11. Kills a lion and a bear, 1 Sam. 17:34-36. Anointed king, while a youth, by the ...
  

• Chronicles, Books of

  [ebd] The two books were originally one. They bore the title in the Massoretic Hebrew Dibre hayyamim, i.e., "Acts of the Days." This title was rendered by Jerome in his Latin version "Chronicon," and hence "Chronicles." In the Sep...
  

• COURAGE

  [isbe] COURAGE - kur'-aj: Hebrew chazaq, "to show oneself strong" (Nu 13:20; 2 Sam 10:12; 1 Ch 19:13; 2 Ch 15:8; Ezr 10:4; Ps 27:14; 31:24; Isa 41:6); ruach, "spirit," "animus" (Josh 2:11 the King James Version); 'amats, "to be ale...
  

• Ammonites

  [nave] AMMONITES Descendants of Ben-ammi, one of the sons of Lot, Gen. 19:38. Character of, Judg. 10:6; 2 Kin. 23:13; 2 Chr. 20:25; Jer. 27:3, 9; Ezek. 25:3, 6; Amos 1:13; Zeph. 2:10. Territory of, Num. 21:24; Deut. 2:19; Josh. 1...
  

• AX (AXE); AX-HEAD

  [isbe] AX (AXE); AX-HEAD - aks; aks'hed: Nine different Hebrew words have been rendered "ax": (1) garzen. This unquestionably was one of the larger chopping instruments, as the uses to which it was put would imply (Dt 19:5; 20:19; ...
  

• Defeating the Ammonites and the Arameans

  

• The Ammonites Punished

  

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