Advanced Commentary

(ex.: John 3:14-18)

Table of Contents Bible Dictionary
Arts
Questions
Resources/Books

Context
27:1 What follows is a list <04557> of Israelite <03478> <01121> family <01> leaders <07218> and commanders of units <08269> of a thousand <0505> and a hundred <03967>, as well as their officers <07860> who served <08334> the king <04428> in various <03605> matters <01697>. Each division <04256> was assigned <0935> to serve for <03318> one month <02320> during <03605> the year <08141>; each <0259> consisted <04256> of 24,000 <0505> <0702> <06242> men. 27:2 Jashobeam <03434> son <01121> of Zabdiel <02068> was in charge <05921> of the first <07223> division <04256>, which was assigned the first <07223> month <02320>. His division <04256> consisted <05921> of 24,000 <0505> <0702> <06242> men. 27:3 He was a descendant <01121> of <04480> Perez <06557>; he was in charge <07218> of all <03605> the army <06635> officers <08269> for the first <07223> month <02320>. 27:4 Dodai <01737> the Ahohite <0266> was in charge <05921> of the division <04256> assigned the second <08145> month <02320>; Mikloth <04732> was the next in rank <05057>. His division <04256> consisted <05921> of 24,000 <0505> <0702> <06242> men. 27:5 The third <07992> army <06635> commander <08269>, assigned the third <07992> month <02320>, was Benaiah <01141> son <01121> of Jehoiada <03077> the priest <03548>. He was the leader <07218> of his division <04256>, which consisted <05921> of 24,000 <0505> <0702> <06242> men. 27:6 Benaiah <01141> was the leader <01368> of the thirty <07970> warriors and his division <04256>; his son <01121> was Ammizabad <05990>. 27:7 The fourth <07243>, assigned the fourth <07243> month <02320>, was Asahel <06214>, brother <0251> of Joab <03097>; his son <01121> Zebadiah <02069> succeeded <0310> him. His division <04256> consisted <05921> of 24,000 <0505> <0702> <06242> men. 27:8 The fifth <02549>, assigned the fifth <02549> month <02320>, was the commander <08269> Shamhuth <08049> the Izrahite <03155>. His division <04256> consisted <05921> of 24,000 <0505> <0702> <06242> men. 27:9 The sixth <08345>, assigned the sixth <08345> month <02320>, was Ira <05896> son <01121> of Ikkesh <06142> the Tekoite <08621>. His division <04256> consisted <05921> of 24,000 <0505> <0702> <06242> men. 27:10 The seventh <07637>, assigned the seventh <07637> month <02320>, was Helez <02503> the Pelonite <06397>, an Ephraimite <0669> <01121>. His division <04256> consisted <05921> of 24,000 <0505> <0702> <06242> men. 27:11 The eighth <08066>, assigned the eighth <08066> month <02320>, was Sibbekai <05444> the Hushathite <02843>, a Zerahite <02227>. His division <04256> consisted <05921> of 24,000 <0505> <0702> <06242> men. 27:12 The ninth <08671>, assigned the ninth <08671> month <02320>, was Abiezer <044> the Anathothite <06069>, a Benjaminite <01145>. His division <04256> consisted <05921> of 24,000 <0505> <0702> <06242> men. 27:13 The tenth <06224>, assigned the tenth <06224> month <02320>, was Maharai <04121> the Netophathite <05200>, a Zerahite <02227>. His division <04256> consisted <05921> of 24,000 <0505> <0702> <06242> men. 27:14 The eleventh <06240> <06249>, assigned the eleventh <06240> <06249> month <02320>, was Benaiah <01141> the Pirathonite <06553>, an Ephraimite <0669> <01121>. His division <04256> consisted <05921> of 24,000 <0505> <0702> <06242> men. 27:15 The twelfth <06240> <08147>, assigned the twelfth <06240> <08147> month <02320>, was Heldai <02469> the Netophathite <05200>, a descendant of Othniel <06274>. His division <04256> consisted <05921> of 24,000 <0505> <0702> <06242> men. 27:16 The officers of the Israelite <03478> tribes <07626>: Eliezer <0461> son <01121> of Zikri <02147> was the leader <05057> of the Reubenites <07206>, Shephatiah <08203> son <01121> of Maacah <04601> led the Simeonites <08099>, 27:17 Hashabiah <02811> son <01121> of Kemuel <07055> led the Levites <03881>, Zadok <06659> led the descendants of Aaron <0175>, 27:18 Elihu <0453>, a brother <0251> of David <01732>, led Judah <03063>, Omri <06018> son <01121> of Michael <04317> led Issachar <03485>, 27:19 Ishmaiah <03460> son <01121> of Obadiah <05662> led Zebulun <02074>, Jerimoth <03406> son <01121> of Azriel <05837> led Naphtali <05321>, 27:20 Hoshea <01954> son <01121> of Azaziah <05812> led the Ephraimites <0669> <01121>, Joel <03100> son <01121> of Pedaiah <06305> led the half-tribe <07626> <02677> of Manasseh <04519>, 27:21 Iddo <03035> son <01121> of Zechariah <02148> led the half-tribe <02677> of Manasseh <04519> in Gilead <01568>, Jaasiel <03300> son <01121> of Abner <074> led Benjamin <01144>, 27:22 Azarel <05832> son <01121> of Jeroham <03395> led Dan <01835>. These <0428> were the commanders <08269> of the Israelite <03478> tribes <07626>. 27:23 David <01732> did not <03808> count <04557> <05375> the males twenty <06242> years <08141> old <01121> and under <04295>, for <03588> the Lord <03069> had promised <0559> to make <07235> Israel <03478> as numerous <07235> as the stars <03556> in the sky <08064>.

• 1Ch 27:1-24 -- Leaders of the Army

• Month

  [ebd] Among the Egyptians the month of thirty days each was in use long before the time of the Exodus, and formed the basis of their calculations. From the time of the institution of the Mosaic law the month among the Jews was lun...
  [smith] From the time of the institution of the Mosaic law downward the religious feasts commencing with the passover depended not simply on the month, but on the moon; the 14th of Abib was coincident with the full moon; and the new ...
  [nave] MONTH Ancient use of, Gen. 7:11; 8:4. Twelve months reckoned to a year, 1 Chr. 27:1-15. 1. Abib (April). The Jewish calendar began with, Ex. 12:2; 13:4; Deut. 16:1. Passover instituted and celebrated in, Ex. 12:1-28; 23:1...
  

• Chronicles, Books of

  [ebd] The two books were originally one. They bore the title in the Massoretic Hebrew Dibre hayyamim, i.e., "Acts of the Days." This title was rendered by Jerome in his Latin version "Chronicon," and hence "Chronicles." In the Sep...
  

• Jaresiah

  [nave] JARESIAH, son of Jeroham, 1 Chr. 8;27.
  

• Armies

  [nave] ARMIES Who of the Israelites were subject to service in, Num. 1:2, 3; 26:2; 2 Chr. 25:5; who were exempt from service in, Num. 1:47-50; 2:33; Deut. 20:5-9; Judg. 7:3. Enumeration of Israel's military forces, Num. 1:2, 3; 26...
  

• GENEALOGY, 8 part 2

  [isbe] GENEALOGY, 8 part 2 - I. Primeval Genealogies (1 Chronicals 1:1-54). To show Israel's place among the nations; follows Genesis closely, omitting only the Cainites; boldly, skillfully compressed, as if the omitted facts were ...
  

• COURSE

  [isbe] COURSE - kors (from Latin cursus, "a running," "race," "voyage," "way"): (1) euthudromeo, "forward or onward movement," as of a ship: "We made a straight course" (Acts 16:11; compare Acts 21:1); "We had finished our course."...
  

• Benaiah

  [ebd] built up by Jehovah. (1.) The son of Jehoiada, chief priest (1 Chr. 27:5). He was set by David over his body-guard of Cherethites and Pelethites (2 Sam. 8:18; 1 Kings 1:32; 1 Chr. 18:17). His exploits are enumerated in 2 Sam...
  [isbe] BENAIAH - be-na'-ya, be-ni'-a (benayah, benayahu, "Yahweh has built." Compare HPN, 182, 265, 268): (1) Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada of Kabzeel (compare Josh 15:21), was a man of "mighty deeds" and was more honorable than any...
  [smith] (made by the Lord). The son of Jehoiada the chief priest, (1 Chronicles 27:5) of the tribe of Levi, though a native of Kabzeel, (2 Samuel 23:20) set by David, (1 Chronicles 11:25) over his body-guard. (2 Samuel 8...
  [nave] BENAIAH 1. Son of Jehoiada, commander of the Cherethites and Pelethites, 2 Sam. 8:18; 1 Kin. 1:38. A distinguished warrior, 2 Sam. 23:20-23; 1 Chr. 11:22-25; 27:5, 6. Loyal to Solomon, 1 Kin. 1:2; 4:4. 2. An Ephraimite, a...
  

• LAW OF MOSES

  [smith] It will be the object of this article to give a brief analysis of the substance of this law, to point out its main principles, and to explain the position which it occupies in the progress of divine revelation. In order to do...
  

• Michael

  [ebd] who is like God? (1.) The title given to one of the chief angels (Dan. 10:13, 21; 12:1). He had special charge of Israel as a nation. He disputed with Satan (Jude 1:9) about the body of Moses. He is also represented as warni...
  [isbe] MICHAEL - mi'-ka-el, mi'-kel (mikha'el, "who is like God?" Michael): (1) The father of Sethur the Asherite spy (Nu 13:13). (2) (3) Two Gadites (1 Ch 5:13,14). (4) A name in the genealogy of Asaph (1 Ch 6:40 (Hebrew 25)). (5)...
  [smith] (who is like God?). An Asherite, father of Sethur, one of the twelve spies. (Numbers 13:13) One of the Gadites who settled in the land of Bashan. (1 Chronicles 5:13) Another Gadite, ancestor of Abihail. (1 Chronicles 5...
  [nave] MICHAEL 1. An Asherite, Num. 13:13. 2. Two Gadites, 1 Chr. 5:13, 14. 3. A Gershonite Levite, 1 Chr. 6:40. 4. A descendant of Issachar, 1 Chr. 7:3. 5. A Benjamite, 1 Chr. 8:16. 6. A captain of the thousands of Manasseh w...
  

• Kemuel

  [ebd] helper of God, or assembly of God. (1.) The third son of Nahor (Gen. 22:21). (2.) Son of Shiphtan, appointed on behalf of the tribe of Ephraim to partition the land of Canaan (Num. 34:24). (3.) A Levite (1 Chr. 27:17).
  [isbe] KEMUEL - kem'-u-el, ke-mu'-el (qemu'el, "God's mound"): (1) Nephew of Abraham (Gen 22:21), father of Aram, whom Ewald identifies with Ram of Job 32:2; but compare Gen 10:22, where Aram is described as one of the children of ...
  [smith] (congregation of God). The son of Nahor by Milcah, and father of Aram. (Genesis 22:21) (B.C. 1925.) The son of Shiptan, and prince of the tribe of Ephraim; one of the twelve men appointed by Moses to divide the land of Canaa...
  [nave] KEMUEL 1. Son of Nahor, Gen. 22:21. 2. A prince of Ephraim, Num. 34:24. 3. A Levite, 1 Chr. 27:17.
  

• Jeroham

  [ebd] cherished; who finds mercy. (1.) Father of Elkanah, and grandfather of the prophet Samuel (1 Sam. 1:1). (2.) The father of Azareel, the "captain" of the tribe of Dan (1 Chr. 27:22). (3.) 1 Chr. 12:7; a Benjamite. (4.) 2 Chr....
  [isbe] JEROHAM - je-ro'-ham (yerocham, "may he be compassionate!"): (1) An Ephraimite, the father of Elkanah, and grandfather of Samuel (1 Sam 1:1; 1 Ch 6:27,34 (Hebrew 12,19)): Jerahmeel is the name in Septuagint, Codex Vaticanus,...
  [smith] (cherished). Father of Elkanah, the father of Samuel, of the house of Kohath. (1 Samuel 1:1; 1 Chronicles 6:27,34) (B.C. before 1142.) A Benjamite, the founder of a family of Bene-Jeroham. (1 Chronicles 8:27) Probab...
  [nave] JEROHAM 1. A Levite, and grandfather of Samuel, 1 Sam. 1:1; 1 Chr. 6:27, 34. 2. A chief of the tribe of Benjamin, 1 Chr. 8:27. 3. A descendant of Benjamin, 1 Chr. 9:8. 4. A priest, and father of Adaiah, who dwelt in Jerus...
  

• Zabdiel

  [ebd] gift of God. (1.) The father of Jashobeam, who was one of David's officers (1 Chr. 27:2). (2.) An overseer of the priests after the Captivity (Neh. 11:14).
  [isbe] ZABDIEL - zab'-di-el (zabhdi'el, "my gift is El (God)"; Zabdiel): (1) Father of Jashobeam (1 Ch 27:2), or rather Ishbaal (Curtis, Chronicles, 290 f). (2) An overseer of the priests (Neh 11:14). (3) An Arabian who beheaded Al...
  [smith] (gift of God). Father of Jashobeam, a chief of David?s guard. (1 Chronicles 27:2) (B.C. before 1046.) A priest, son of the great men or as the margin gives it, "Haggedolim." (Nehemiah 11:14) (B.C. 459.)
  [nave] ZABDIEL 1. Father of Jashobeam, 1 Chr. 27:2. 2. An overseer of one hundred and twenty-eight mighty men of valor, who dwelt in Jerusalem, Neh. 11:14.
  

• Zechariah

  [ebd] Jehovah is renowned or remembered. (1.) A prophet of Judah, the eleventh of the twelve minor prophets. Like Ezekiel, he was of priestly extraction. He describes himself (1:1) as "the son of Berechiah." In Ezra 5:1 and 6:14 h...
  [smith] The eleventh in order of the twelve minor prophets. He is called in his prophecy the son of Berechiah and the grandson of Iddo, whereas in the book of Ezra, (Ezra 5:1; 6:14) he is said to have been the son of Iddo. It is nat...
  [nave] ZECHARIAH 1. A Reubenite, 1 Chr. 5:7. 2. Three Levites in the days of David, 1 Chr. 9:21; 15:18, 20, 24; 16:5; 26:2, 14. 3. A Benjamite, 1 Chr. 9:37. Called Zacher in 1 Chr. 8:31. 4. Two Kohathites, 1 Chr. 24:25; 2 Chr. ...
  

• Zebadiah

  [ebd] gift of Jehovah. (1.) A son of Asahel, Joab's brother (1 Chr. 27:7). (2.) A Levite who took part as one of the teachers in the system of national education instituted by Jehoshaphat (2 Chr. 17:7, 8). (3.) The son of Ishmael,...
  [isbe] ZEBADIAH - zeb-a-di'-a ((1) zebhadhyaha, (2) zebhadhyah, "Yah has bestowed"; the form (1) is the Hebrew name in (1), (a), (b), (2), below; the form (2) in the rest. Some manuscripts have Zechariah in (1), (a), (b), (3)). Com...
  [smith] A Benjamite of the sons of Beriah. (1 Chronicles 8:15) A Benjamite of the sons of Elpaal. (1 Chronicles 8:17) One of the sons of Jeroham of Gedor. (1 Chronicles 12:7) Son of Asahel, the brother of Joab. (1 Chroni...
  [nave] ZEBADIAH 1. Two Benjamites, 1 Chr. 8:15, 17. 2. An Israelite who joined David at Ziklag, 1 Chr. 12:7. 3. A Korhite porter in the temple, 1 Chr. 26:2. 4. Son of Asahel, 1 Chr. 27:7. 5. An itinerant Levite teacher, 2 Chr. ...
  

• Jaasiel

  [ebd] made by God, one of David's body-guard, the son of Abner (1 Chr. 27:21), called Jasiel in 1 Chr. 11:47.
  [isbe] JAASIEL - ja-a'-si-el (ya`asi'el, "God makes" (?)): In 1 Ch 11:47, a Mezobaite, one of "the mighty men of the armies," and probably = "Jaasiel" of 1 Ch 27:21, "the son of Abner," and a Benjamite tribal prince of David's. the...
  [smith] (whom God comforts), son of the great Abner. (1 Chronicles 27:21) (B.C. 1046-1014.)
  [nave] JAASIEL, son of Abner, 1 Chr. 27:21.
  

• Pedaiah

  [ebd] redemption of the Lord. (1.) The father of Zebudah, who was the wife of Josiah and mother of king Jehoiakim (2 Kings 23:36). (2.) The father of Zerubbabel (1 Chr. 3:17-19). (3.). The father of Joel, ruler of the half-tribe o...
  [isbe] PEDAIAH - pe-da'-ya, pe-di'-a (pedhayahu, "Yah redeems"): (1) Father of Joel, who was ruler of Western Manasseh in David's reign (1 Ch 27:20). Form pedhayah (see above). (2) Pedaiah of Rumah (2 Ki 23:36), father of Zebudah, ...
  [smith] (whom Jehovah redeems). The father of Zebudah, mother of King Jehoiakim. (2 Kings 23:38) (B.C. before 648.) The brother of Salathiel or Shealtiel and father of Zerubbabel who is usually called the "son of Shealtiel," bein...
  [nave] PEDAIAH 1. Grandfather of King Josiah, 2 Kin. 23:36. 2. Father of Zerubbabel, 1 Chr. 3:18, 19. 3. Father of Joel, 1 Chr. 27:20. 4. Son of Parosh, Neh. 3:25. 5. A Levite appointed as treasurer by Nehemiah, Neh. 8:4; 13:13...
  

• Obadiah

  [ebd] servant of the Lord. (1.) An Israelite who was chief in the household of King Ahab (1 Kings 18:3). Amid great spiritual degeneracy he maintained his fidelity to God, and interposed to protect The Lord's prophets, an hundred ...
  [isbe] OBADIAH - o-ba-di'-a (`obhadhyah, more fully `obhadhyahu, "servant of Yahweh"): (1) The steward or prime minister of Ahab, who did his best to protect the prophets of Yahweh against Jezebel's persecution. He met Elijah on hi...
  [smith] (servant of the Lord), A man whose sons are enumerated in the genealogy of the tribe of Judah. (1 Chronicles 3:21) (B.C. 470.) A descendant of Issachar and a chief man of his tribe. (1 Chronicles 7:3) (B.C. 1014.) One ...
  [nave] OBADIAH 1. The governor of Ahab's house. Conceals in a cave one hundred prophets persecuted by Jezebel, 1 Kin. 18:3, 4. Meets Elijah and receives a commission from him, 1 Kin. 18:3-16. 2. Head of a family, 1 Chr. 3:21. 3....
  

• Mikloth

  [ebd] staves. (1.) An officer under Dodai, in the time of David and Solomon (1 Chr. 27:4). (2.) A Benjamite (1 Chr. 8:32; 9:37, 38).
  [isbe] MIKLOTH - mik'-loth, mik'-loth (miqloth): (1) A Benjamite, son of Jeiel (1 Ch 8:32; 9:37,38). A comparison of the two passages shows that the name Mikloth has been dropped at the end of 1 Ch 8:31. (2) An officer designated "...
  [smith] (staves). One of the sons of Jehiel, the father or prince of Gibeon, by his wife Maachah. (1 Chronicles 8:32; 9:37,38) The leader of the second division of David?s army. (1 Chronicles 27:4)
  [nave] MIKLOTH 1. A Benjamite of Jerusalem, 1 Chr. 8:32; 9:37, 38. 2. A ruler in the reign of David, 1 Chr. 27:4.
  

• ZERAH

  [isbe] ZERAH - ze'-ra (zerach, meaning uncertain): (1) In Gen 38:30; 46:12; Nu 26:20; Josh 7:1,18,24; 22:20; 1 Ch 2:4,6; 9:6; Neh 11:24; Mt 1:3, younger twin-son of Judah and Tamar, and an ancestor of Achan. In Nu 26:20; Josh 7:17 ...
  [smith] (rising (of the sun)). A son of Reuel, son of Esau, (Genesis 36:13; 1 Chronicles 1:37) and one of the "dukes" or phylarchs of the Edomites. (Genesis 36:17) (B.C. after 1760.) Less properly, Zarah, twin son, with his elder...
  

• Heldai

  [ebd] wordly. (1.) 1 Chr. 27:15; called also Heleb (2 Sam. 23:29); one of David's captains. (2.) Zech. 6:10, one who returned from Babylon.
  [isbe] HELDAI - hel'-da-i (chelday): (1) A captain of the temple-service, appointed for the 12th month (1 Ch 27:15). Same as Heled (cheledh) in parallel list (compare 1 Ch 11:30), and is probably also to be identified with Heleb, s...
  [smith] (worldly). The twelfth captain of the monthly courses for the temple service. (1 Chronicles 27:15) (B.C. 1014.) An Israelite who seems to have returned from the captivity. (Zechariah 6:10) (B.C. 520.)
  [nave] HELDAI 1. The Netophathite. One of David's heroes, 1 Chr. 27:15. Called Heled, 1 Chr. 11:30; and Heleb, 2 Sam. 23:29. 2. An Israelite, Zech. 6:10.
  

• Is there a contradiction between 2 Samuel 24:9 and 1 Chronicles 21:5, when the number of soldiers Joab counts comes up different?
  The Bible does contain a number of apparent contradictions. Believing in the inspiration and inerrancy of the Word of God we know that all of these can be reconciled. It may be that a complete explanation will not come until ...

Back to Commentary Page