Advanced Commentary

Texts -- Judges 9:12-57 (NET)

Context
9:12 “So the trees said to the grapevine , ‘You come and be our king !’ 9:13 But the grapevine said to them, ‘I am not going to stop producing my wine , which makes gods and men so happy, just to sway above the other trees !’ 9:14 “So all the trees said to the thornbush , ‘You come and be our king !’ 9:15 The thornbush said to the trees , ‘If you really want to choose me as your king , then come along , find safety under my branches ! Otherwise may fire blaze from the thornbush and consume the cedars of Lebanon !’ 9:16 “Now , if you have shown loyalty and integrity when you made Abimelech king , if you have done right to Jerub-Baal and his family , if you have properly repaid repaid him– 9:17 my father fought for you; he risked his life and delivered you from Midian’s power . 9:18 But you have attacked my father’s family today . You murdered his seventy legitimate sons on one stone and made Abimelech , the son of his female slave , king over the leaders of Shechem , just because he is your close relative . 9:19 So if you have shown loyalty and integrity to Jerub-Baal and his family today , then may Abimelech bring you happiness and may you bring him happiness ! 9:20 But if not , may fire blaze from Abimelech and consume the leaders of Shechem and Beth Millo ! May fire also blaze from the leaders of Shechem and Beth Millo and consume Abimelech !” 9:21 Then Jotham ran away to Beer and lived there to escape from Abimelech his half-brother .
God Fulfills Jotham’s Curse
9:22 Abimelech commanded Israel for three years . 9:23 God sent a spirit to stir up hostility between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem . He made the leaders of Shechem disloyal to Abimelech . 9:24 He did this so the violent deaths of Jerub-Baal’s seventy sons might be avenged and Abimelech , their half-brother who murdered them, might have to pay for their spilled blood , along with the leaders of Shechem who helped him murder them . 9:25 The leaders of Shechem rebelled against Abimelech by putting bandits in the hills , who robbed everyone who traveled by on the road . But Abimelech found out about it. 9:26 Gaal son of Ebed came through Shechem with his brothers . The leaders of Shechem transferred their loyalty to him. 9:27 They went out to the field , harvested their grapes , squeezed out the juice, and celebrated . They came to the temple of their god and ate , drank , and cursed Abimelech . 9:28 Gaal son of Ebed said , “Who is Abimelech and who is Shechem , that we should serve him? Is he not the son of Jerub-Baal , and is not Zebul the deputy he appointed? Serve the sons of Hamor , the father of Shechem ! But why should we serve Abimelech? 9:29 If only these men were under my command , I would get rid of Abimelech !” He challenged Abimelech , “Muster your army and come out for battle !” 9:30 When Zebul , the city commissioner , heard the words of Gaal son of Ebed , he was furious . 9:31 He sent messengers to Abimelech , who was in Arumah , reporting , “Beware ! Gaal son of Ebed and his brothers are coming to Shechem and inciting the city to rebel against you. 9:32 Now , come up at night with your men and set an ambush in the field outside the city. 9:33 In the morning at sunrise quickly attack the city . When he and his men come out to fight you, do what you can to him.” 9:34 So Abimelech and all his men came up at night and set an ambush outside Shechem – they divided into four units . 9:35 When Gaal son of Ebed came out and stood at the entrance to the city’s gate , Abimelech and his men got up from their hiding places. 9:36 Gaal saw the men and said to Zebul , “Look , men are coming down from the tops of the hills .” But Zebul said to him, “You are seeing the shadows on the hills – it just looks like men .” 9:37 Gaal again said , “Look , men are coming down from the very center of the land . A unit is coming by way of the Oak Tree of the Diviners .” 9:38 Zebul said to him , “Where now are your bragging words , ‘Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?’ Are these not the men you insulted ? Go out now and fight them!” 9:39 So Gaal led the leaders of Shechem out and fought Abimelech . 9:40 Abimelech chased him, and Gaal ran from him. Many Shechemites fell wounded at the entrance of the gate . 9:41 Abimelech went back to Arumah ; Zebul drove Gaal and his brothers out of Shechem . 9:42 The next day the Shechemites came out to the field . When Abimelech heard about it , 9:43 he took his men and divided them into three units and set an ambush in the field . When he saw the people coming out of the city , he attacked and struck them down . 9:44 Abimelech and his units attacked and blocked the entrance to the city’s gate . Two units then attacked all the people in the field and struck them down. 9:45 Abimelech fought against the city all that day . He captured the city and killed all the people in it. Then he leveled the city and spread salt over it. 9:46 When all the leaders of the Tower of Shechem heard the news, they went to the stronghold of the temple of El-Berith . 9:47 Abimelech heard that all the leaders of the Tower of Shechem were in one place . 9:48 He and all his men went up on Mount Zalmon . He took an ax in his hand and cut off a tree branch . He put it on his shoulder and said to his men , “Quickly , do what you have just seen me do !” 9:49 So each of his men also cut off a branch and followed Abimelech . They put the branches against the stronghold and set fire to it . All the people of the Tower of Shechem died – about a thousand men and women . 9:50 Abimelech moved on to Thebez ; he besieged and captured it. 9:51 There was a fortified tower in the center of the city , so all the men and women , as well as the city’s leaders , ran into it and locked the entrance. Then they went up to the roof of the tower . 9:52 Abimelech came and attacked the tower . When he approached the entrance of the tower to set it on fire , 9:53 a woman threw an upper millstone down on his head and shattered his skull . 9:54 He quickly called to the young man who carried his weapons , “Draw your sword and kill me, so they will not say , ‘A woman killed him.’” So the young man stabbed him and he died . 9:55 When the Israelites saw that Abimelech was dead , they went home . 9:56 God repaid Abimelech for the evil he did to his father by murdering his seventy half-brothers . 9:57 God also repaid the men of Shechem for their evil deeds . The curse spoken by Jotham son of Jerub-Baal fell on them.

Pericope

NET

Bible Dictionary

more

Arts

Sermon Illustrations

Seven Suicides in the Bible

Resources/Books

Expository Notes on the Bible (Constable)

  • 3:1-12 Horeb is another name for Sinai (v. 1). It probably indicates a range of mountains rather than a particular mountain peak. The writer called it "the mountain of God"because it was the place where God later gave the Mos...
  • I. The reason for Israel's apostasy 1:1-3:6A. Hostilities between the Israelites and the Canaanites after Joshua's death 1:1-2:51. Initial successes and failures ch. 12. The announcement of God's discipline 2:1-5B. Israel's c...
  • The first major section in the book (1:1-3:6) explains very clearly why the period of the judges was a dark chapter in Israel's history. God revealed the reasons for Israel's apostasy and consequent national problems in terms...
  • Israel's JudgesJudgeScriptureIsrael's OppressorsLength in YearsNation(s)King(s)OppressionJudgeshipPeaceOthniel3:7-11MesopotamiaCushan-rishathaim8(ca. 1358-1350 B.C.)40(ca. 1350-1310 B.C.)Ehud3:12-30Moab (with Ammon & Amal...
  • 4:1-3 As long as Ehud lived he kept Israel faithful to God (v. 1). However after he died, God's people again turned from the Lord. In discipline God allowed the Canaanites in the North to gain strength and dominate the Israel...
  • The writer of Judges structured this book so the story of Gideon would be its focal center."Within the main body of the book, seven major narrative blocks can be noted. Moreover, there are certain parallel features between th...
  • Tanner also pointed out that the Gideon narrative consists of five primary structural sections."The first section (6:1-10) provides the introduction and setting before Gideon's debut, the second section (6:11-32) gives the co...
  • These verses wrap up the story of Gideon and introduce the story of Abimelech that follows (ch. 9).Gideon enjoyed the fruits of his heroism for the rest of his life. He was wealthy enough to afford many wives who bore him 70 ...
  • After Gideon's death the Israelites again wandered from the Lord (cf. 3:7, 12; 4:1; 6:1; 10:6; 13:1). They even made a covenant with Baal in disobedience to God's law. "Baal-berith"(v. 33) means "Baal of the covenant."Ironica...
  • Though Gideon had rejected kingship officially (8:23), though not practically, Abimelech desired it for himself. He also hated his half-brothers, presumably because he was the son of a concubine rather than the son of one of ...
  • Before Abimelech's sole surviving brother went into hiding he uttered a protest against Abimelech that predicted the effect of his rule. Jotham (lit. Yahweh is perfect, honest) stood on the same mountain where six of Israel's...
  • Abimelech's rule over Israel appears to have been very small in scope as well as short in duration. He was only the ruler of Shechem and its surrounding territory. He evidently lived in Arumah about five miles to the southeas...
  • Abimelech suffered an ignominious death suitable to a man of his character. Thebez (v. 50) was probably another name for Tirzah northeast of Shechem.204The upper millstone the woman threw down on Abimelech was probably about ...
  • Verses 1-33 record Jephthah's success. The rest of his story (11:34-12:7) relates his failure. The writer likewise recorded Gideon's success first (6:1-8:23) and then his failure (8:24-9:57). We shall find a similar pattern w...
  • The writer's emphasis now shifts from Jephthah's foolishness to Ephraim's arrogance.The Ephraimites were the Gileadites' neighbors to the west. They resented the fact that Jephthah had not requested their assistance in the wa...
  • The following two extended incidents (ch. 17-21) differ from the records of the judges just completed (chs. 3-16). They are not accounts of the activities of any of Israel's judges. They are the record of events that took pla...
  • The Danites' defeat of the inhabitants of Laish appears cruel and unjustified (cf. 9:45-49). The town that seemed so desirable to the spies was really vulnerable and isolated. Its advantages proved to be weaknesses. Since God...
  • Verses 29-36a give an overview of the battle, and 36b-48 provide a more detailed explanation.Israel's strategy was similar to what God had specified against Ai (Josh. 8:1-29) and what Abimelech used against Shechem (9:33-44)....
  • The Book of Joshua recorded Israel's victory over her enemies through trust in and obedience to God. The Book of Judges shows the defeat of the nation by its enemies from without and within due to refusal to trust and obey Go...
  • Aharoni, Yohanan. Land of the Bible. Phildelphia: Westminster Press, 1962.Aharoni, Yohanan, and Michael Avi-Yonah. The Macmillan Bible Atlas. Revised ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1977.Albright, William Foxwell. The...
  • "In addition to being the middle chapter of 1 Samuel, chapter 16 is pivotal in another way as well: Its first half (vv. 1-13), ending with a statement concerning David's reception of the Spirit of God, describes David's anoin...
  • David compounded his sin by trying to cover it up rather than confessing it. He tried three cover-ups: a "clean"one (vv. 6-11), a "dirty"one (vv. 12-13), and a "criminal"one (vv. 14-17).178David's suggestion that Uriah go hom...
  • God blessed Amaziah by allowing him to subdue the Edomites who had revolted from Judean control during the reign of Judah's king Jehoram (cf. 2 Chron. 25:5-16). The Valley of Salt lay south of the Salt (Dead) Sea in the Araba...
  • 68:7-10 The Canaanites also credited Baal with lightning, thunder, rain, and earthquakes. However Yahweh sent these to confirm His presence among His people in their wilderness wanderings and to provide for them. In the Penta...
  • This oracle is similar to the one in Isaiah 15 and 16.555Other oracles against Moab appear in Ezekiel 25:8-11, Amos 2:1-3, and Zephaniah 2:9, but this is the longest one. It is very difficult to say when Jeremiah gave this or...
  • 11:1 The prophet announced in vigorous poetic language that Lebanon's famous cedars would perish. The Israelites referred to the royal palace in Jerusalem as Lebanon because it contained so much cedar from Lebanon (Jer. 22:23...
  • The mustard seed was so small that the Jews used it proverbially to represent a very small thing.544When mature, the mustard plant stood 10 to 12 feet tall as "the largest of garden plants"(NIV).545Consequently it became a pe...
  • The kingdom of God is the messianic kingdom that the Old Testament predicted. It would be an earthly kingdom over which Messiah would rule for 1, 000 years (Rev. 20:4-6). It is similar to a mustard seed in that it had a small...
Back to Commentary Page


created in 0.06 seconds
powered by
bible.org - YLSA