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Texts -- John 18:1-31 (NET)

Context
Betrayal and Arrest
18:1 When he had said these things , Jesus went out with his disciples across the Kidron Valley . There was an orchard there, and he and his disciples went into it. 18:2 (Now Judas , the one who betrayed him , knew the place too , because Jesus had met there many times with his disciples .) 18:3 So Judas obtained a squad of soldiers and some officers of the chief priests and Pharisees . They came to the orchard with lanterns and torches and weapons . 18:4 Then Jesus , because he knew everything that was going to happen to him , came and asked them , “Who are you looking for ?” 18:5 They replied , “Jesus the Nazarene .” He told them , “I am he .” (Now Judas , the one who betrayed him , was standing there with them .) 18:6 So when Jesus said to them , “I am he ,” they retreated and fell to the ground . 18:7 Then Jesus asked them again , “Who are you looking for ?” And they said , “Jesus the Nazarene .” 18:8 Jesus replied , “I told you that I am he . If you are looking for me , let these men go .” 18:9 He said this to fulfill the word he had spoken, “I have not lost a single one of those whom you gave me .” 18:10 Then Simon Peter , who had a sword , pulled it out and struck the high priest’s slave , cutting off his right ear . (Now the slave’s name was Malchus .) 18:11 But Jesus said to Peter , “Put your sword back into its sheath ! Am I not to drink the cup that the Father has given me ?”
Jesus Before Annas
18:12 Then the squad of soldiers with their commanding officer and the officers of the Jewish leaders arrested Jesus and tied him up . 18:13 They brought him first to Annas , for he was the father-in-law of Caiaphas , who was high priest that year . 18:14 (Now it was Caiaphas who had advised the Jewish leaders that it was to their advantage that one man die for the people .)
Peter’s First Denial
18:15 Simon Peter and another disciple followed them as they brought Jesus to Annas. (Now the other disciple was acquainted with the high priest , and he went with Jesus into the high priest’s courtyard .) 18:16 But Simon Peter was left standing outside by the door . So the other disciple who was acquainted with the high priest came out and spoke to the slave girl who watched the door, and brought Peter inside. 18:17 The girl who was the doorkeeper said to Peter , “You’re not one of this man’s disciples too , are you ?” He replied , “I am not .” 18:18 (Now the slaves and the guards were standing around a charcoal fire they had made , warming themselves because it was cold . Peter also was standing with them , warming himself.)
Jesus Questioned by Annas
18:19 While this was happening, the high priest questioned Jesus about his disciples and about his teaching . 18:20 Jesus replied , “I have spoken publicly to the world . I always taught in the synagogues and in the temple courts , where all the Jewish people assemble together . I have said nothing in secret . 18:21 Why do you ask me ? Ask those who heard what I said . They know what I said .” 18:22 When Jesus had said this , one of the high priest’s officers who stood nearby struck him on the face and said , “Is that the way you answer the high priest ?” 18:23 Jesus replied , “If I have said something wrong , confirm what is wrong . But if I spoke correctly , why strike me ?” 18:24 Then Annas sent him , still tied up , to Caiaphas the high priest .
Peter’s Second and Third Denials
18:25 Meanwhile Simon Peter was standing in the courtyard warming himself. They said to him , “You aren’t one of his disciples too, are you ?” Peter denied it : “I am not !” 18:26 One of the high priest’s slaves , a relative of the man whose ear Peter had cut off , said , “Did I not see you in the orchard with him ?” 18:27 Then Peter denied it again , and immediately a rooster crowed .
Jesus Brought Before Pilate
18:28 Then they brought Jesus from Caiaphas to the Roman governor’s residence . (Now it was very early morning .) They did not go into the governor’s residence so they would not be ceremonially defiled , but could eat the Passover meal . 18:29 So Pilate came outside to them and said , “What accusation do you bring against this man ?” 18:30 They replied , replied , “If this man were not a criminal , criminal , we would not have handed him over to you .” 18:31 Pilate told them , “Take him yourselves and pass judgment on him according to your own law !” The Jewish leaders replied , “We cannot legally put anyone to death .”

Pericope

NET

Bible Dictionary

  • JOHN, GOSPEL OF

    [ebd] The genuineness of this Gospel, i.e., the fact that the apostle John was its author, is beyond all reasonable doubt. In recent times, from about 1820, many attempts have been made to impugn its genuineness, but without succe...
    [isbe] JOHN, GOSPEL OF - || I. INTRODUCTORY 1. Scope of Gospel 2. State of Opinion as to Date of Appearance, etc. II. EXTERNAL EVIDENCE fOR THE FOURTH GOSPEL 1. At the End of 2nd Century 2. Irenaeus--Theophilus 3. Middle of 2nd Cen...
    [smith] This Gospel was probably written at Ephesus about A.D. 78. (Canon Cook places it toward the close of John?s life, A.D. 90-100. --ED.) The Gospel was obviously addressed primarily to Christians, not to heathen. There can be li...

  • COHORT

    [isbe] COHORT - ko'-hort: In the Revised Version, margin of Mt 27:27; Mk 15:16; Jn 18:3,12; Acts 10:1; 21:31; 27:1, the translation of speira (the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American), "band"); the tent...

  • Jesus, The Christ

    [nave] JESUS, THE CHRIST. Index of Sub-topics History of; Miscellaneous Facts Concerning; Unclassified Scriptures Relating to; Ascension of; Atonement by; Attributes of; Compassion of; Confessing; Creator; Death of; Design of His...

  • JESUS CHRIST, 4E2

    [isbe] JESUS CHRIST, 4E2 - II. From the Last Supper till the Cross. 1. The Chronology: A question of admitted difficulty arises in the comparison of the Synoptics and John as to the dates of the Last Supper and of the crucifixion. ...

  • Prisoners

    [nave] PRISONERS Joseph, Gen. 39:20-23; 40; 41:1-44. Jeremiah, Jer. 38:6-28; 39:14. John the Baptist, Matt. 11:2; 14:3-12; Mark 6:17; Luke 3:20. Jesus, Matt. 26:47-75; 27; Mark 14:43-72; 15; Luke 22:47-71; 23; John 18:3-40; 19. ...

  • Priest

    [nave] PRIEST. Before Moses Melchizedek, Gen. 14:18; Heb. 5:6, 10, 11; 6:20; 7:1-21. Jethro, Ex. 2:16. Priests in Israel before the giving of the law, Ex. 19:22, 24. Called angel, Eccl. 5:6. Mosaic Ex. 28:1-4; 29:9, 44; Num....

  • JESUS CHRIST, THE ARREST AND TRIAL OF

    [isbe] JESUS CHRIST, THE ARREST AND TRIAL OF - || 1. Jewish and Roman Law 2. Difficulties of the Subject 3. Illustrations of Difficulties I. THE ARREST 1. Preparatory Steps 2. The Arrest in the Garden 3. Taken to the City II. THE J...

  • Court

    [nave] COURT. Ecclesiastical 1 Chr. 26:29-32; 2 Chr. 19:8-11; Matt. 18:15-18; John 20:23 See: Church, Rules of Discipline in, Mosaic and Christian. Civil Held at the tabernacle, Num. 27:2; the gates of cities, Deut. 21:19; 22:1...

  • PETER, SIMON

    [isbe] PETER, SIMON - pe'-ter, si'-mon): 1. Name and Early Career 2. First Appearance in Gospel History 3. Life-Story (1) First Period (2) Second Period 4. Character 5. Writings (1) First Epistle (2) Second Epistle 6. Theology (1) ...

  • ANNAS

    [ebd] was high priest A.D. 7-14. In A.D. 25 Caiaphas, who had married the daughter of Annas (John 18:13), was raised to that office, and probably Annas was now made president of the Sanhedrim, or deputy or coadjutor of the high pr...
    [isbe] ANNAS - an'-as (Annas; Westcott and Hort, The New Testament in Greek Hannas; Josephus Ananos, the Greek form of Hebrew chanan; "merciful," "gracious"; compare Neh 8:7, etc.): (1) A high priest of the Jews, the virtual head o...
    [smith] (humble), the son of one Seth was appointed high priest A.D. 7 by Quirinus, the imperial governor of Syria, but was obliged by Valerius Gratus, procurator of Judea, to give way to Ismael, son of Phabi, at the beginning of the...

  • Caiaphas

    [ebd] the Jewish high priest (A.D. 27-36) at the beginning of our Lord's public ministry, in the reign of Tiberius (Luke 3:2), and also at the time of his condemnation and crucifixion (Matt. 26:3,57; John 11:49; 18:13, 14). He hel...
    [isbe] CAIAPHAS - ka'-a-fas, ki'-a-fas (Kaiaphas; Caiaphas = Kephas (compare Dods in Expositor's Greek Test, I, 803), and has also been interpreted as meaning "depression"): Caiaphas was the surname of Joseph, a son-in-law of Annas...
    [nave] CAIAPHAS High priest, Luke 3:2; son-in-law of Aas, John 18:13. Prophesies concerning Jesus, John 11:49-51; 18:14. Jesus tried before, Matt. 26:2, 3, 57, 63-65; John 18:24, 28. Peter and other disciples accused before, Act...

  • Prophecy

    [nave] PROPHECY Concerning Jesus, See: Jesus. Concerning church, See: Church, Prophecies Concerning Prosperity of. Relating to various countries, nations, and cities, see under their respective titles. Respecting individuals, see...

  • Traitor

    [nave] TRAITOR Judas, Matt. 26:14-16, 46-50; Mark 14:10, 11, 43-45; Luke 22:3-6, 21-23, 47, 48; John 13:2, 27-30; 18:2-8, 13. See: Treason.

  • OSTRACA

    [isbe] OSTRACA - os'-tra-ka: The word ostracon ("potsherd," Hebrew cheres) occurs in Job 2:8 (Septuagint), kai elaben ostrakon, "and he took him a potsherd." Earthen vessels were in universal use in antiquity (they are twice mentio...

  • Peter

    [nave] PETER Called also Simon Bar-jona and Cephas, Matt. 16:16-19; Mark 3:16; John 1:42. A fisherman, Matt. 4:18; Luke 5:1-7; John 21:3. Call of, Matt. 4:18-20; Mark 1:16-18; Luke 5:1-11. His wife's mother healed, Matt. 8:14; M...

  • Gethsemane

    [ebd] oil-press, the name of an olive-yard at the foot of the Mount of Olives, to which Jesus was wont to retire (Luke 22:39) with his disciples, and which is specially memorable as being the scene of his agony (Mark 14:32; John 1...
    [isbe] GETHSEMANE - geth-sem'-a-ne (Gethsemanei (for other spellings and accents see Thayer, under the word); probably from the Aramaic gath shemanim, "oil press"): Mentioned (Mt 26:36; Mk 14:32) as a place (chorion), margin "enclo...
    [smith] (an oil-press), a small "farm," (Matthew 26:36; Mark 14:32) situated across the brook Kedron (John 18:1) probably at the foot of Mount Olivet, (Luke 22:39) to the northwest and about one-half or three quarters of a mile Engli...
    [nave] GETHSEMANE, a garden near Jerusalem. Jesus betrayed in, Matt. 26:36-50; Mark 14:32-46; Luke 22:39-49; John 18:1, 2.

  • PRIEST, HIGH

    [isbe] PRIEST, HIGH - (ha-kohen, ho hiereus; ha-kohen ha-mashiach, ho hiereus ho christos; ha-kohen ha-gadhol, ho hiereus ho megas; kohen ha-ro'sh, ho hiereus hegoumenos; New Testament archiereus): I. INSTITUTION OF THE HIGH-PRIEST...

  • Malchus

    [ebd] reigning, the personal servant or slave of the high priest Caiaphas. He is mentioned only by John. Peter cut off his right ear in the garden of Gethsemane (John 18:10). But our Lord cured it with a touch (Matt. 26:51; Mark 1...
    [isbe] MALCHUS - mal'-kus (Malchos, from melekh, i.e. "counselor" or "king"): The name of the servant of the high priest Caiaphas whose right ear was smitten off by Simon Peter at the arrest of Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane (co...
    [smith] (king or kingdom), the name of the servant of the high priest whose right ear Peter cut off at the time of the Saviour?s apprehension in the garden. (Matthew 26:51; Mark 14:17; Luke 22:49,51; John 18:10)
    [nave] MALCHUS, servant of the high priest; Peter assaults in Gethsemane; healed by Jesus, Matt. 26:51; Mark 14:47; Luke 22:50, 51; John 18:10.

  • John

    [ebd] (1.) One who, with Annas and Caiaphas, sat in judgment on the apostles Peter and John (Acts 4:6). He was of the kindred of the high priest; otherwise unknown. (2.) The Hebrew name of Mark (q.v.). He is designated by this nam...
    [nave] JOHN 1. The Baptist: Prophecies concerning, Isa. 40:3; Mal. 4:5, 6; Luke 1:11-17. Miraculous birth of, Luke 1:11-20, 57-65. Dwells in the desert, Matt. 3:1; Mark 1:4; Luke 1:80; 3:2, 3. Mission of, Matt. 17:11; Mark 1:2-8...

  • Judas

    [ebd] the Graecized form of Judah. (1.) The patriarch (Matt. 1:2, 3). (2.) Son of Simon (John 6:71; 13:2, 26), surnamed Iscariot, i.e., a man of Kerioth (Josh. 15:25). His name is uniformly the last in the list of the apostles, as...
    [nave] JUDAS 1. Surnamed Iscariot. Chosen as an apostle, Matt. 10:4; Mark 3:19; Luke 6:16; Acts 1:17. Treasurer of the disciples, John 12:6; 13:29. His covetousness exemplified by his protest against the breaking of the box of oi...
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Arts

Questions

  • Each of the gospels get its name from the names of the human authors who wrote them, of course, God being the One who enable them to write their message under His inspiration (2 Pet. 1:21). All of these men were either an apo...
  • Little is known of the life of Judas before his appearance among the apostles. He was probably drawn by the Baptist's preaching, or by his own ambitious hopes of the coming of a Messianic kingdom, in which he might play an im...
  • Curtis Mitchell's article in Bibliotheca Sacra, Vol 147 #588 Oct 1990 answers this question well. The Practice of Fasting in the New Testament Is religious fasting a legitimate practice for today? If it is, how and wh...
  • Following are comments from two sources that will give you some information on your question regarding the precise nature of the last supper. As you can see, it is a hotly debated topic. From The New Bible Dictionary ...

Sermon Illustrations

Trials; The Trials of Jesus; Jesus Claimed to be King; Peter’s Fall

Resources/Books

Expository Notes on the Bible (Constable)

Expositions Of Holy Scripture (Maclaren)

  • As soon then as He had said unto them, I am He, they went backward, and fell to the ground. Then asked He them again, Whom seek ye? And they said, Jeans of Nazareth. Jesus answered, I have told you that I am He: if therefore ...
  • And Simon Peter followed Jesus, and so did another disciple: that disciple was known unto the high priest, and went in with Jesus into the palace of the high priest. But Peter stood at the door without. Then went out that oth...
  • Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover. Pilate then went out unto...
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