Exodus 12
1 The beginning of the year is changed.
3 The passover is instituted.
11 The import of the rite of the passover.
15 Unleavened bread, etc.
29 The firstborn are slain.
31 The Israelites are driven out of the land.
37 They come to Succoth.
41 The time of their sojourning.
43 The ordinance of the passover.
[A.M. 2513. B.C. 1491. An. Exod. Isr. 1. Abib or Nisan.]
Tell .... community <01696 05712> [Speak ye.]
tenth <06218> [in the tenth.]
each ... take <03947 0376> [take to.]
lamb ......... lamb <07716> [lamb. or, kid.]
The word {seh} means the young of both sheep and goats, and may be indifferently rendered either lamb or kid. It is evident from ver. 5 that the Hebrews might take either; but they generally preferred a lamb, from being of a more gentle nature.
household <01004> [an house.]
The Israelites were divided into twelve tribes, these tribes into families, the families into houses, and the houses into particular persons.
perfect <08549> [be without.]
male ... year old <02145 01121 08141> [a male of the first year. Heb. son of a year.]
fourteenth <0702> [fourteenth.]
whole <03605> [the whole.]
around sundown <06153 0996> [in the evening. Heb. between the two evenings.]
The Jews divided the day into morning and evening: till the sun passed the meridian, all was morning or forenoon; after that, all was evening or afternoon. Their first evening began just after twelve o'clock, and continued till sunset; their second evening began at sunset, and continued till night, i.e., during the whole time of twilight; between twelve o'clock, therefore, and the termination of twilight, the passover was to be offered. See Parallel Passages.
eat ... meat ....... eat <0398 01320> [eat the.]
roasted <06748> [roast.]
bread made without yeast <04682> [unleavened.]
bitter herbs <04844> [with bitter.]
roast ..... fire <06748 0784> [but roast with fire.]
travel <04975> [loins.]
sandals <05275> [shoes.]
Lord's <03068> [it is the.]
pass through <05674> [pass.]
attack <05221> [will smite.]
gods <0430> [against.]
gods <0430> [gods. or, princes.]
Lord <03068> [I am the Lord.]
blood .................... blood <01818> [the blood.]
see <07200> [and when.]
destroy ..... attack <04889 05221> [to destroy you. Heb. for a destruction.]
memorial <02146> [memorial.]
celebrate ..... festival ....... celebrate <02282 02287> [a feast.]
ordinance <02708> [by an ordinance.]
seven <07651> [Seven.]
<05315> [that soul.]
first day ............ day <03117 07223> [first day.]
work <04399> [no manner.]
[man Heb. soul.]
very <06106> [in this selfsame.]
ordinance <02708> [an ordinance.]
seven <07651> [Seven.]
<05315> [even that.]
foreigner <01616> [whether.]
elders <02205> [elders.]
<03947> [and take.]
lamb <06629> [lamb. or, kid.]
Passover animals <06453> [the passover.]
That is, the lamb which was called the {paschal,} or passover lamb; the animal sacrificed obtaining the name of the institution. St. Paul copies the expression in 1 Co 5:7.
branch <092> [a bunch.]
hyssop <0231> [hyssop.]
The word {aizov,} which has been variously rendered, most probably denotes Hyssop; whence are derived the Chaldee {aizova,} Syriac {zupha,} Arabic {zupha,} Ethiopic {azab,} and {hushopa,} Greek [`ussopos,] hussopos <\\See definition 5301\\>,] Latin {hyssopus,} German {usop,} and our hyssop, a name retained, with little variation, in all the western languages. It is a plant of the gymnospermia (naked seeded) order, belonging to the didynamia class. It has bushy stalks, growing a foot and a half high; small spear-shaped, close-sitting, and opposite leaves, with several smaller ones rising from the same joint; and all the stalks and branches terminated by erect whorled spikes of flowers, of different colours in the varieties of the plant. The leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. Its detersive, cleansing, and medicinal qualities were probably the reason why it was so particularly recommended in Scripture.
apply <05060> [strike.]
<0376> [and none.]
pass <05674> [will pass through.]
will ... permit <05414> [and will not.]
enter <0935> [when.]
said <01696> [according.]
children <01121> [your children.]
sacrifice <02077> [It is the sacrifice.]
households <06915> [bowed.]
midnight <02677> [at midnight.]
Lord attacked <03068 05221> [the Lord smote.]
The infliction of this judgment on the Egyptians was most equitable; because, after their nation had been preserved by one of the Israelitish family, they had, contrary to all right, and in defiance of original stipulation, enslaved the people to whom they had been so much indebted, had murdered their offspring, and made their bondage intolerable. See Bryant, p. 160.
[the first-born of Pharaoh.]
prison <01004> [dungeon. Heb. house of the pit.]
great cry <01419 06818> [and there was a great cry.]
No people were more remarkable and frantic in their mournings than the Egyptians. When a relative died, every one left the house, and the women, with their hair loose, and their bosoms bare, ran wild about the street. The men also, with their apparel equally disordered, kept them company; all shrieking, howling, and beating themselves. What a scene of horror and distress must now have presented itself, when there was not a family in Egypt where there was not one dead!
summoned <07121> [called.]
Get <06965> [Rise up.]
Israelites <01121> [the children.]
flocks <06629> [your flocks.]
bless <01288> [bless me.]
urging <02388> [urgent.]
dead <04191> [We be all.]
kneading troughs <04863> [kneading troughs. or, dough.]
Probably like the kneading-troughs of the Arabs; comparatively small wooden bowls, which also serve them for dishes. Their being bound up in their clothes may mean no more than their being wrapped up in their {hykes,} or long, loose, garments. See Shaw's Travels, p. 224, 4to. edit.
Lord <03068> [the Lord.]
them ........ plundered <05337> [they spoiled.]
Israelites <01121> [the children.]
Rameses <07486> [Rameses.]
600,000 <03967 08337> [six hundred.]
mixed multitude <06154 07227> [And a mixed multitude. Heb. a great mixture.]
thrust out <01644> [thrust.]
The Samaritan Pentateuch reads, "Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, and of their fathers in the land of Canaan and in the land of Egypt, was 430 years." The Alexandrine copy of the LXX. has the same reading; and the same statement is made by the apostle Paul, in Ga 3:17, who reckons from the promise made to Abraham to the giving of the law. That these three witnesses have the truth, the chronology itself proves; for it is evident that the descendants of Israel did not dwell 430 years in Egypt; while it is equally evident, that the period from Abraham's entry into Canaan to the Exodus, is exactly that number. Thus, from Abraham's entrance into the promised land to the birth of Isaac, was 25 years; Isaac was 60 at the birth of Jacob; Jacob was 130 at his going into Egypt; where he and his children continued 215 years more; making in the whole 430 years. See Kennicott's Dissertation on the Hebrew Text.
length of time <04186> [sojourning.]
430 <03967 0702> [four hundred.]
very <06106> [selfsame.]
regiments <06635> [hosts.]
night ... vigil .................. night ........ vigil <08107 03915> [a night to be much observed. Heb. a night of observations. observed.]
foreigner <01121> [There shall.]
circumcised <04135> [circumcised.]
one house ............ house <01004 0259> [one house.]
break <07665> [neither.]
community <05712> [All the.]
observe <06213> [keep it. Heb. do it.]
foreigner <01616> [a stranger.]
males <02145> [let all.]
born <0249> [shall be.]
Lord <03068> [as the Lord.]
[by their armies.]
