1Ch 12:20-40 - Commentary

Commentary

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Text -- 1 Chronicles 12:20-40 (NET)

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Context

12:20 When David went to Ziklag, the men of Manasseh who joined him were Adnach, Jozabad, Jediael, Michael, Jozabad, Elihu, and Zillethai, leaders of a thousand soldiers each in the tribe of Manasseh. 12:21 They helped David fight against raiding bands, for all of them were warriors and leaders in the army. 12:22 Each day men came to help David until his army became very large.

Support for David in Hebron

12:23 The following is a record of the armed warriors who came with their leaders and joined David in Hebron in order to make David king in Saul’s place, in accordance with the Lord’s decree: 12:24 From Judah came 6,800 trained warriors carrying shields and spears. 12:25 From Simeon there were 7,100 warriors. 12:26 From Levi there were 4,600. 12:27 Jehoiada, the leader of Aaron’s descendants, brought 3,700 men with him, 12:28 along with Zadok, a young warrior, and twenty-two leaders from his family. 12:29 From Benjamin, Saul’s tribe, there were 3,000, most of whom, up to that time, had been loyal to Saul. 12:30 From Ephraim there were 20,800 warriors, who had brought fame to their families. 12:31 From the half tribe of Manasseh there were 18,000 who had been designated by name to come and make David king. 12:32 From Issachar there were 200 leaders and all their relatives at their command– they understood the times and knew what Israel should do. 12:33 From Zebulun there were 50,000 warriors who were prepared for battle, equipped with all kinds of weapons, and ready to give their undivided loyalty. 12:34 From Naphtali there were 1,000 officers, along with 37,000 men carrying shields and spears. 12:35 From Dan there were 28,600 men prepared for battle. 12:36 From Asher there were 40,000 warriors prepared for battle. 12:37 From the other side of the Jordan, from Reuben, Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh, there were 120,000 men armed with all kinds of weapons. 12:38 All these men were warriors who were ready to march. They came to Hebron to make David king over all Israel by acclamation; all the rest of the Israelites also were in agreement that David should become king. 12:39 They spent three days feasting there with David, for their relatives had given them provisions. 12:40 Also their neighbors, from as far away as Issachar, Zebulun, and Naphtali, were bringing food on donkeys, camels, mules, and oxen. There were large supplies of flour, fig cakes, raisins, wine, olive oil, beef, and lamb, for Israel was celebrating.

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Cross Reference (TSK)

ITL

Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:

· Aaron a son of Amram; brother of Moses,son of Amram (Kohath Levi); patriarch of Israel's priests,the clan or priestly line founded by Aaron

· Adnah a commander (Manasseh) of Saul's who defected to David,a commander of 300,000 Judean men under King Jehoshaphat

· Asher a tribe of Israel that came from Asher; son of Jacob and Zilpah,the man; son of Jacob and Zilpah,a tribe of Israel or its land

· Benjaminite the tribe of Benjamin of Israel

· Danites residents of the town of Dan; members of the tribe of Dan,the tribe of Dan as a whole; the descendants of Dan in Israel

· David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel

· Elihu son of Tohu/Toah/Nahath; a Levite from Ephraim,a commander from Manasseh who defected to David,son of Shemaiah (Levi); a gatekeeper,brother of David and his chief officer over the tribe of Judah,son of Barachel the Buzite of the family of Ram; friend of Job

· Ephraimites the tribe of Ephraim as a whole,the northern kingdom of Israel

· Gadites the tribe of Gad as a whole

· Hebron a valley and town of Judah 25 km west of the dead sea,son of Kohath son of Levi,son of Mareshah of Judah

· Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel

· Issachar the tribe of Israel that came from his Jacob's son Issachar,son of Jacob and Leah; founder of the tribe of Issachar,the tribe of Issachar in Israel,son of Obed-Edom

· Jediael son of Benjamin son of Israel,son of Shimri; one of David's military elite;,one of Saul's commanders from Manasseh who defected to David,son of Meshelemiah; a pre-exile Levite gatekeeper

· Jehoiada a chief priest; father of Benaiah, head of David's body guard,chief priest under Athaliah and Joash,a prince of the house of Aaron who defected to David with his men,a man who was a counselor of King David,a chief priest in the time of Jeremiah,son of Eliashib the high priest in Nehemiah's time

· Jordan the river that flows from Lake Galilee to the Dead Sea,a river that begins at Mt. Hermon, flows south through Lake Galilee and on to its end at the Dead Sea 175 km away (by air)

· Jozabad a man of Gederah; one of the Benjamites who defected to David at Ziklag,two commanders from Manasseh who defected to David in Ziklag,an officer in charge of the temple store house under King Hezekiah,a chief officer of the house of God in Josiah's time,son of Jeshua; a Levite on duty in the time of Ezra,a man who put away his heathen wife; a priest descended from Pashhur,a man who put away his heathen wife; a Levite,a Levite who helped Ezra explain the reading of the law,a chief Levite who helped supervise the outside work on the house of God in Nehemiah's time

· Judah the son of Jacob and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,a tribe, the land/country,a son of Joseph; the father of Simeon; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Jacob/Israel and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,the tribe of Judah,citizens of the southern kingdom of Judah,citizens of the Persian Province of Judah; the Jews who had returned from Babylonian exile,"house of Judah", a phrase which highlights the political leadership of the tribe of Judah,"king of Judah", a phrase which relates to the southern kingdom of Judah,"kings of Judah", a phrase relating to the southern kingdom of Judah,"princes of Judah", a phrase relating to the kingdom of Judah,the territory allocated to the tribe of Judah, and also the extended territory of the southern kingdom of Judah,the Province of Judah under Persian rule,"hill country of Judah", the relatively cool and green central highlands of the territory of Judah,"the cities of Judah",the language of the Jews; Hebrew,head of a family of Levites who returned from Exile,a Levite who put away his heathen wife,a man who was second in command of Jerusalem; son of Hassenuah of Benjamin,a Levite in charge of the songs of thanksgiving in Nehemiah's time,a leader who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,a Levite musician who helped Zechariah of Asaph dedicate Nehemiah's wall

· Levi members of the tribe of Levi

· Levites relating to Levi and the priesthood given to him,a tribal name describing people and ceremonies as sacred

· Manasseh the tribe of Manasseh.

· Michael a chief angel; an archangel,father of Sethur, of Asher, who helped spy out Canaan,son of Abihail; a founding father of one of the clans of Gad,son of Jeshishai of the tribe of Gad,son of Baaseiah, of Gershom of Levi; ancestor of Asaph,son of Izrahiah of Issachar,son of Beriah of Benjamin,one of Saul's commanders from Manasseh who defected to David,a man of Issachar in Saul and David's time. The father of Omri, who was the officer over the tribe of Issachar.,son of king Jehoshaphat,father of Zebadiah who lead the Shephatiah Clan back from exile,an angel

· Naphtali region/territority and the tribe of Israel,the son of Jacob and Bilhah,the tribe of people descended from Naphtali,the territory of the people of Naphtali

· Reubenites the tribe of Reuben

· Saul the sixth king of Edom,son of Simeon and a Canaanite woman,son of Uzziah of Kohath son of Levi

· Simeon a son of Jonas and brother of Andrew; an apostle of Jesus Christ,a man who was one of the apostles of Christ and also called 'the Zealot',a brother of Jesus,a man who was a well-know victim of leprosy who had been healed by Jesus (NIV note),a man from Cyrene who was forced to carry the cross of Jesus,a Pharisee man in whose house Jesus' feet were washed with tears and anointed,the father of Judas Iscariot,a man who was a sorcerer in Samaria and who wanted to buy the gifts of the Spirit,a man who was a tanner at Joppa and with whom Peter was staying when Cornelius sent for him

· Simeonites the tribe of Simeon

· Zadok a son of Azor; the father of Akim; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Ahitub II; high priest Zadok I in David's time,father of Jerusha, who was the mother of King Jotham,the chief priest Zadok II; son of Meraioth II,a man who was one of David's military elite from Aaron's clan,son of Baana; one of those who helped rebuild the wall,son of Immer; one of those who helped rebuild the wall,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to keep God's law,a Levite who served as Nehemiah's scribe

· Zebulun the tribe of Israel that came from Zebulun whose territory was in Galilee,the man; son of Jacob and Leah,the tribe of Zebulun,the territory of the tribe of Zebulun

· Ziklag a town in SE Judah; home of the Shime-i Clan of Simeon

· Zillethai son of Shime-i of Benjamin,a commander from Manasseh who defected to David in Ziklag

Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 1Ch 12:20 Heb “he”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

NET Notes: 1Ch 12:22 Heb “for at the time of day in a day they were coming to David to help him until [there was] a great camp like the camp of God.” The term ...

NET Notes: 1Ch 12:23 Heb “these are the numbers of the heads of the forces armed for battle [who] came to David in Hebron to turn over the kingdom of Saul to him acc...

NET Notes: 1Ch 12:24 Heb “the sons of Judah, carrying shield and spear, [were] 6,800 armed for battle.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 12:29 Heb “and until then, the majority of them were keeping the charge of the house of Saul.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 12:30 Heb “men of names for the house of their fathers.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 12:32 Heb “from the sons of Issachar, knowers of understanding for times to know what Israel should do, their heads [were] 200, and all their brothers...

NET Notes: 1Ch 12:33 Heb “from Zebulun, those going out for battle, prepared for war with all weapons of war, 50,000, and to help without a heart and a heart.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 12:38 Heb “and also all the rest of Israel [was of] one mind to make David king.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 12:39 Heb “eating and drinking.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 12:40 Heb “for there was joy in Israel.”

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