Text -- 1 Kings 1:1-22 (NET)

Adonijah Tries to Seize the Throne

1:1 King David was very old; even when they covered him with blankets, he could not get warm. 1:2 His servants advised him, “A young virgin must be found for our master, the king, to take care of the king’s needs and serve as his nurse. She can also sleep with you and keep our master, the king, warm.” 1:3 So they looked through all Israel for a beautiful young woman and found Abishag, a Shunammite, and brought her to the king. 1:4 The young woman was very beautiful; she became the king’s nurse and served him, but the king did not have sexual relations with her. 1:5 Now Adonijah, son of David and Haggith, was promoting himself, boasting, “I will be king!” He managed to acquire chariots and horsemen, as well as fifty men to serve as his royal guard. 1:6 (Now his father had never corrected him by saying, “Why do you do such things?” He was also very handsome and had been born right after Absalom.) 1:7 He collaborated with Joab son of Zeruiah and with Abiathar the priest, and they supported him. 1:8 But Zadok the priest, Benaiah son of Jehoiada, Nathan the prophet, Shimei, Rei, and David’s elite warriors did not ally themselves with Adonijah. 1:9 Adonijah sacrificed sheep, cattle, and fattened steers at the Stone of Zoheleth near En Rogel. He invited all his brothers, the king’s sons, as well as all the men of Judah, the king’s servants. 1:10 But he did not invite Nathan the prophet, Benaiah, the elite warriors, or his brother Solomon. 1:11 Nathan said to Bathsheba, Solomon’s mother, “Has it been reported to you that Haggith’s son Adonijah has become king behind our master David’s back? 1:12 Now let me give you some advice as to how you can save your life and your son Solomon’s life. 1:13 Visit King David and say to him, ‘My master, O king, did you not solemnly promise your servant, “Surely your son Solomon will be king after me; he will sit on my throne”? So why has Adonijah become king?’ 1:14 While you are still there speaking to the king, I will arrive and verify your report.” 1:15 So Bathsheba visited the king in his private quarters. (The king was very old, and Abishag the Shunammite was serving the king.) 1:16 Bathsheba bowed down on the floor before the king. The king said, “What do you want?” 1:17 She replied to him, “My master, you swore an oath to your servant by the Lord your God, ‘Solomon your son will be king after me and he will sit on my throne.’ 1:18 But now, look, Adonijah has become king! But you, my master the king, are not even aware of it! 1:19 He has sacrificed many cattle, steers, and sheep and has invited all the king’s sons, Abiathar the priest, and Joab, the commander of the army, but he has not invited your servant Solomon. 1:20 Now, my master, O king, all Israel is watching anxiously to see who is named to succeed my master the king on the throne. 1:21 If a decision is not made, when my master the king is buried with his ancestors, my son Solomon and I will be considered state criminals.” 1:22 Just then, while she was still speaking to the king, Nathan the prophet arrived.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:1

¹ tn Heb “was old, coming into the days” (i.e., advancing in years).

² tn Or “garments.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:2

¹ tn Heb “said to.”

² tn Heb “let them seek for my master, the king, a young girl, a virgin.” The third person plural subject of the verb is indefinite (see GKC 460 §144.f). The appositional expression, “a young girl, a virgin,” is idiomatic; the second term specifically defines the more general first term (see IBHS 230 §12.3b).

³ tn Heb “and she will stand before the king.” The Hebrew phrase “stand before” can mean “to attend; to serve” (BDB 764 s.v. עָמַד).

⁴ tn Heb “and she will lie down in your bosom.” The expression might imply sexual intimacy (see 2 Sam 12:3 [where the lamb symbolizes Bathsheba] and Mic 7:5), though v. 4b indicates that David did not actually have sex with the young woman.

⁵ tn Heb “and my master, the king, will be warm.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:3

¹ tn Heb “through all the territory of Israel.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:4

¹ tn Heb “did not know her.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:5

¹ tn Heb “son of Haggith,” but since this formula usually designates the father (who in this case was David), the translation specifies that David was Adonijah’s father.

sn Haggith was one of David’s wives (2 Sam 3:4; 2 Chr 3:2).

² tn Heb “lifting himself up.”

³ tn Heb “saying.”

⁴ tn Or “he acquired for himself.”

⁵ tn Heb “to run ahead of him.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:6

¹ tn Or “disciplined.”

² tn Heb “did not correct him from his days.” The phrase “from his days” means “from his earliest days,” or “ever in his life.” See GKC 382 §119.w, n. 2.

³ tn Heb “and she gave birth to him after Absalom.” This does not imply they had the same mother; Absalom’s mother was Maacah, not Haggith (2 Sam 3:4).

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:7

¹ tn Heb “his words were.”

² tn Heb “helped after” (i.e., stood by).

³ tn Heb “Adonijah.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“him”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:8

¹ tn Or “bodyguard” (Heb “mighty men”).

² tn Heb “were not.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:9

¹ tc The ancient Greek version omits this appositional phrase.

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:10

¹ tn Or “bodyguard” (Heb “mighty men”).

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:11

¹ tn Heb “Have you not heard?”

² tn Heb “and our master David does not know.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:12

¹ tn Heb “now, come.” The imperative of הָלַךְ (halakh) is here used as an introductory interjection. See BDB 234 s.v. חָלַךְ.

² tn Or “so that.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:13

¹ tn Heb “come, go to.” The imperative of הָלַךְ (halakh) is here used as an introductory interjection. See BDB 234 s.v. חָלַךְ.

² tn Or “swear an oath to.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:14

¹ tn In the Hebrew text the sentence is introduced by the particle הִנֵּה (hinneh, “look”), which here draws attention to Nathan’s concluding word of assurance and support. For this use of the word, see HALOT 252 s.v. הִנֵּה.

² tc The Hebrew text reads, “I will come after you.”

³ tn Heb “fill up [i.e., confirm] your words.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:15

¹ tn Or “bedroom.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:16

¹ tn Heb “bowed low and bowed down to.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:18

¹ tc Instead of עַתָּה (’attah, “now”) many Hebrew mss, along with the Old Greek, Syriac Peshitta, and Latin Vulgate, have the similar sounding independent pronoun אַתָּה (’attah, “you”). This reading is followed in the present translation.

² tn Heb “you do not know [about it].”

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:20

¹ tc Many Hebrew mss have עַתָּה (’attah, “now”) rather than the similar sounding independent pronoun אַתָּה (’attah, “you”).

² tn Heb “the eyes of all Israel are upon you to declare to them who will sit on the throne of my master the king after him.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:21

¹ tn The words “if a decision is not made” are added for clarification.

² tn Heb “lies down with his fathers.”

³ tn Heb “I and my son Solomon.” The order has been reversed in the translation for stylistic reasons.

⁴ tn Heb “will be guilty”; NASB “considered offenders”; TEV “treated as traitors.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 1:22

¹ tn Heb “look.” The particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) here draws attention to Nathan’s arrival and invites the audience to view the scene through the eyes of the participants.