Text -- 1 Kings 10:5-29 (NET)

10:5 the food in his banquet hall, his servants and attendants, their robes, his cupbearers, and his burnt offerings which he presented in the Lord’s temple, she was amazed. 10:6 She said to the king, “The report I heard in my own country about your wise sayings and insight was true! 10:7 I did not believe these things until I came and saw them with my own eyes. Indeed, I didn’t hear even half the story! Your wisdom and wealth surpass what was reported to me. 10:8 Your attendants, who stand before you at all times and hear your wise sayings, are truly happy! 10:9 May the Lord your God be praised because he favored you by placing you on the throne of Israel! Because of the Lord’s eternal love for Israel, he made you king so you could make just and right decisions.” 10:10 She gave the king 120 talents of gold, a very large quantity of spices, and precious gems. The quantity of spices the queen of Sheba gave King Solomon has never been matched. 10:11 (Hiram’s fleet, which carried gold from Ophir, also brought from Ophir a very large quantity of fine timber and precious gems. 10:12 With the timber the king made supports for the Lord’s temple and for the royal palace and stringed instruments for the musicians. No one has seen so much of this fine timber to this very day.) 10:13 King Solomon gave the queen of Sheba everything she requested, besides what he had freely offered her. Then she left and returned to her homeland with her attendants.

Solomon’s Wealth

10:14 Solomon received 666 talents of gold per year, 10:15 besides what he collected from the merchants, traders, Arabian kings, and governors of the land. 10:16 King Solomon made two hundred large shields of hammered gold; 600 measures of gold were used for each shield. 10:17 He also made three hundred small shields of hammered gold; three minas of gold were used for each of these shields. The king placed them in the Palace of the Lebanon Forest. 10:18 The king made a large throne decorated with ivory and overlaid it with pure gold. 10:19 There were six steps leading up to the throne, and the back of it was rounded on top. The throne had two armrests with a statue of a lion standing on each side. 10:20 There were twelve statues of lions on the six steps, one lion at each end of each step. There was nothing like it in any other kingdom. 10:21 All of King Solomon’s cups were made of gold, and all the household items in the Palace of the Lebanon Forest were made of pure gold. There were no silver items, for silver was not considered very valuable in Solomon’s time. 10:22 Along with Hiram’s fleet, the king had a fleet of large merchant ships that sailed the sea. Once every three years the fleet came into port with cargoes of gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks. 10:23 King Solomon was wealthier and wiser than any of the kings of the earth. 10:24 Everyone in the world wanted to visit Solomon to see him display his God-given wisdom. 10:25 Year after year visitors brought their gifts, which included items of silver, items of gold, clothes, perfume, spices, horses, and mules. 10:26 Solomon accumulated chariots and horses. He had 1,400 chariots and 12,000 horses. He kept them in assigned cities and in Jerusalem. 10:27 The king made silver as plentiful in Jerusalem as stones; cedar was as plentiful as sycamore fig trees are in the lowlands. 10:28 Solomon acquired his horses from Egypt and from Que; the king’s traders purchased them from Que. 10:29 They paid 600 silver pieces for each chariot from Egypt and 150 silver pieces for each horse. They also sold chariots and horses to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Syria.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:5

¹ tn Heb “the food on his table.”

² tn Heb “the seating of his servants and the standing of his attendants.”

³ tn Heb “there was no breath still in her.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:6

¹ tn Heb “about your words [or perhaps, “deeds”] and your wisdom.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:7

¹ tn Heb “the half was not told to me.”

² tn Heb “good.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:8

¹ tn Heb “How happy are your men! How happy are these servants of yours, who stand before you continually, who hear your wisdom!”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:9

¹ tn Or “delighted in.”

² tn Heb “to do justice and righteousness.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:10

¹ tn The Hebrew term כִּכָּר (kikkar, “circle”) refers generally to something that is round. When used of metals it can refer to a disk-shaped weight made of the metal or to a standard unit of weight, generally regarded as a talent. Since the accepted weight for a talent of metal is about 75 pounds, this would have amounted to about 9,000 pounds of gold (cf. NCV, NLT); CEV “five tons”; TEV “4,000 kilogrammes.”

² tn Heb “there has not come like those spices yet for quantity which the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:12

¹ tn This Hebrew architectural term occurs only here. The meaning is uncertain; some have suggested “banisters” or “parapets”; cf. TEV, NLT “railings.” The parallel passage in 2 Chr 9:11 has a different word, meaning “tracks,” or perhaps “steps.”

² tn Two types of stringed instruments are specifically mentioned, the כִּנּוֹר (kinnor, “zither” [?]), and נֶבֶל (nevel, “harp”).

³ tn Heb “there has not come thus, the fine timber, and there has not been seen to this day.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:13

¹ tn Heb “besides what he had given her according to the hand of King Solomon.”

² tn Heb “turned and went.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:14

¹ tn The Hebrew term כִּכָּר (kikkar, “circle”) refers generally to something that is round. When used of metals it can refer to a disk-shaped weight made of the metal or to a standard unit of weight, generally regarded as a talent. Since the accepted weight for a talent of metal is about 75 pounds, this would have amounted to about 50,000 pounds of gold (cf. NCV); CEV, NLT “twenty-five tons”; TEV “almost 23,000 kilogrammes.”

² tn Heb “the weight of the gold which came to Solomon in one year was 666 talents of gold.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:15

¹ tn Heb “traveling men.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:16

¹ tn The Hebrew text has simply “six hundred,” with no unit of measure given.

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:17

¹ sn Three minas. The mina was a unit of measure for weight.

² sn The Palace of the Lebanon Forest. This name was appropriate because of the large amount of cedar, undoubtedly brought from Lebanon, used in its construction. The cedar pillars in the palace must have given it the appearance of a forest.

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:19

¹ tn Heb “[There were] armrests on each side of the place of the seat, and two lions standing beside the armrests.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:20

¹ tn Heb “nothing like it had been made for all the kingdoms.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:21

¹ tn Heb “there was no silver, it was not regarded as anything in the days of Solomon.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:22

¹ tn Heb “a fleet of Tarshish [ships].” This probably refers to large ships either made in or capable of traveling to the distant western port of Tarshish.

² tn Heb “the fleet of Tarshish [ships].”

³ tn Heb “came carrying.”

⁴ tn The meaning of this word is unclear. Some suggest “baboons.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:23

¹ tn Heb “King Solomon was greater than all the kings of the earth with respect to wealth and with respect to wisdom.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:24

¹ tc The Old Greek translation and Syriac Peshitta have “all the kings of the earth.” See 2 Chr 9:23.

² tn Heb “and all the earth was seeking the face of Solomon to hear his wisdom which God had placed in his heart.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:25

¹ tn Heb “and they were bringing each one his gift, items of silver…and mules, the matter of a year in a year.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:26

¹ tn Or “gathered.”

² tn Heb “he placed them in the chariot cities and with the king in Jerusalem.”

map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:27

¹ tn The words “as plentiful” are added for clarification.

² tn Heb “he made.”

³ tn Heb “as the sycamore fig trees which are in the Shephelah.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:28

¹ sn From Egypt. Because Que is also mentioned, some prefer to see in vv. 28-29 a reference to Mutsur. Que and Mutsur were located in Cilicia/Cappadocia (in modern southern Turkey). See HALOT 625 s.v. מִצְרַיִם.

NET Notes: 1Ki 10:29

¹ tn Heb “and a chariot went up and came out of Egypt for six hundred silver [pieces], and a horse for one hundred fifty, and in the same way to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Aram by their hand they brought out.”