1Ki 4:1-23 - Commentary

Commentary

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Text -- 1 Kings 4:1-23 (NET)

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Context

Solomon’s Royal Court and Administrators

4:1 King Solomon ruled over all Israel. 4:2 These were his officials: Azariah son of Zadok was the priest. 4:3 Elihoreph and Ahijah, the sons of Shisha, wrote down what happened. Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was in charge of the records. 4:4 Benaiah son of Jehoiada was commander of the army. Zadok and Abiathar were priests. 4:5 Azariah son of Nathan was supervisor of the district governors. Zabud son of Nathan was a priest and adviser to the king. 4:6 Ahishar was supervisor of the palace. Adoniram son of Abda was supervisor of the work crews. 4:7 Solomon had twelve district governors appointed throughout Israel who acquired supplies for the king and his palace. Each was responsible for one month in the year. 4:8 These were their names: Ben-Hur was in charge of the hill country of Ephraim. 4:9 Ben-Deker was in charge of Makaz, Shaalbim, Beth Shemesh, and Elon Beth Hanan. 4:10 Ben-Hesed was in charge of Arubboth; he controlled Socoh and all the territory of Hepher. 4:11 Ben-Abinadab was in charge of Naphath Dor. (He was married to Solomon’s daughter Taphath.) 4:12 Baana son of Ahilud was in charge of Taanach and Megiddo, as well as all of Beth Shan next to Zarethan below Jezreel, from Beth Shan to Abel Meholah and on past Jokmeam. 4:13 Ben-Geber was in charge of Ramoth Gilead; he controlled the tent villages of Jair son of Manasseh in Gilead, as well as the region of Argob in Bashan, including sixty large walled cities with bronze bars locking their gates. 4:14 Ahinadab son of Iddo was in charge of Mahanaim. 4:15 Ahimaaz was in charge of Naphtali. (He married Solomon’s daughter Basemath.) 4:16 Baana son of Hushai was in charge of Asher and Aloth. 4:17 Jehoshaphat son of Paruah was in charge of Issachar. 4:18 Shimei son of Ela was in charge of Benjamin. 4:19 Geber son of Uri was in charge of the land of Gilead (the territory which had once belonged to King Sihon of the Amorites and to King Og of Bashan). He was sole governor of the area.

Solomon’s Wealth and Fame

4:20 The people of Judah and Israel were as innumerable as the sand on the seashore; they had plenty to eat and drink and were happy. 4:21 Solomon ruled all the kingdoms from the Euphrates River to the land of the Philistines, as far as the border of Egypt. These kingdoms paid tribute as Solomon’s subjects throughout his lifetime. 4:22 Each day Solomon’s royal court consumed thirty cors of finely milled flour, sixty cors of cereal, 4:23 ten calves fattened in the stall, twenty calves from the pasture, and a hundred sheep, not to mention rams, gazelles, deer, and well-fed birds.

Parallel

Cross Reference (TSK)

ITL

Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:

· Abda father of Adoniram, Solomon's forced labor boss,a Levite living in Jerusalem in Nehemiah's day

· Abel the second son of Adam and Eve; the brother of Cain,an English name representing two different Hebrew names,as representing the Hebrew name 'Hebel' or 'Habel',the second son of Adam,as representing the Hebrew name 'Abel',a town in northern Israel near Dan (OS)

· Abiathar a son of Ahimelech; a high priest and counselor of David,son of Ahimelech (Ahitub I Ithamar Aaron); counselor of David

· Adoniram a man who was in charge of David's forced labor,a man who was in charge of Rehoboam's forced labor

· Ahijah great grandson of Eli; brother of Ahimelech,son of Shisha; secretary of King Solomon,prophet from Shiloh in Jeroboam's time,a man of Issachar; father of Baasha who killed Jeroboam,son of Jerahmeel of Judah,son of Ehud son of Gera of Benjamin,a man from Beth-Pelet; one of David's military elite,a Levite guard of the Temple treasure under David

· Ahilud father of Jehoshaphat and Baana

· Ahimaaz father of Ahinoam the wife of Saul,a chief priest; son of Zadok I,son-in-law and food collection officer (Naphtali) of Solomon

· Ahinadab son of Iddo; food collection officer (Mahanaim) for Solomon

· Ahishar a man who was in charge of King Solomon's palace

· Amorites members of a pre-Israel Semitic tribe from Mesopotamia

· Argob an area of Transjordan ruled over by Og king of Bashan (IBD)

· Arubboth a region of lowland Manasseh between Samaria and Carmel (OS)

· Asher a tribe of Israel that came from Asher; son of Jacob and Zilpah,the man; son of Jacob and Zilpah,a tribe of Israel or its land

· Azariah son of Ahimaaz; grandson and successor of Zadok I,son of Nathan; a priest who was chief of Solomons officers,son and successor of king Amaziah of Judah,son of Ethan son of Zerah of Judah,son of Jehu son of Obed of Judah,son of Johanan; descendant of Meraioth I,son of Hilkiah before the exile; high priest Azariah III,a descendant of Hilkiah the priest,son of Zephaniah/Uriel (Korah Levi); forefather of Samuel,son of Oded; prophet under King Asa,second son of Jehoshaphat; brother of King Jehoram,fifth son of Jehoshaphat; brother of King Jehoram,son of Jeroham; a commander who helped enthrone Joash,son of Obed; a commander who helped enthrone Joash,the priest who confronted Uzziah for offering incense,a chief of Ephraim under Israel's King Pekah,father of Joel (Kohath Levi), who served under Hezekiah,son of Jehallelel (Merari Levi). He served under Hezekiah,chief priest, of Zadok's line, under Hezekiah,son of Maaseiah son of Ananiah; a repairer of Nehemiah's wall,a man who accompanied Zerubbabel back to the land of Judah,a scribe who helped Ezra explain the reading of the Law,a priest who signed the covenant to keep God's law,a prince of Judah who led praises to God on the new city wall,son of Hoshaiah; one of the leaders rebelling against Jeremiah,a man exiled from Judah and trained with Daniel in Babylon

· Baana son of Rimmon and a Benjamite captain of Ishbosheth's army,a man of Netophah; father of Heled, one of David's mighty men.,a leader returned exiles who pledged to keep God's law

· Basemath daughter of Elon the Hittite; Esau's second wife,daughter of Ishmael; Esau's third wife and cousin,daughter of Solomon

· Bashan a region east of Lake Galilee between Mt. Hermon and Wadi Yarmuk

· Bealoth a town of south-eastern Judah

· Ben-abinadab an officer of Solomon's over the food supply from Naphath-Dor

· Ben-Abinadab an officer of Solomon's over the food supply from Naphath-Dor

· Ben-deker an officer of food supplies for King Solomon

· Ben-Deker an officer of food supplies for King Solomon

· Ben-geber an officer of food supplies from Ramoth-Gilead for King Solomon

· Ben-Geber an officer of food supplies from Ramoth-Gilead for King Solomon

· Ben-Hesed an officer of food supplies from Arubboth for King Solomon

· Ben-hesed an officer of food supplies from Arubboth for King Solomon

· Ben-Hur an officer of food supplies from Ephraim for King Solomon

· Ben-hur an officer of food supplies from Ephraim for King Solomon

· Benaiah son of Jehoiada; commander of King Solomon's army,son of Jehoiada of Pirathon in Ephraim; one of David's elite,head of a large influential family of Simeon in Hezekiah's time,a Levite worship leader in David's time,a priest in David's time,father of Jehoiada, one of king David's counselors,son of Jeiel; a priest under Jehoshaphat,a man who was a temple helper in the time of Hezekiah,a layman of the Parosh clan who put away his heathen wife,a layman of the Pahath-Moab clan who put away his heathen wife,a layman of the Bani clan who put away his heathen wife,a layman of the Nebo clan who put away his heathen wife,the father of Pelatiah, a wicked counselor exposed by Ezekiel

· Benjamin the tribe of Benjamin of Israel

· Beth-shean a town of Manasseh 5 km west of the Jordan & 25 km south of Lake Galilee

· more...

Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 1Ki 4:3 Heb “were scribes”; NASB, NIV, NRSV “secretaries”; TEV, NLT “court secretaries.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 4:4 Heb “was over.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 4:5 Heb “close associate of”; KJV, ASV, NASB “the king’s friend” (a title for an adviser, not just an acquaintance).

NET Notes: 1Ki 4:6 The work crews. This Hebrew word (מַס, mas) refers to a group of laborers conscripted for royal or public service.

NET Notes: 1Ki 4:12 For location see Map1 D4; Map2 C1; Map4 C2; Map5 F2; Map7 B1.

NET Notes: 1Ki 4:21 Heb “[They] were bringing tribute and were serving Solomon all the days of his life.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 4:22 As a unit of dry measure a cor was roughly equivalent to six bushels.

NET Notes: 1Ki 4:23 The words “in the stall” are added for clarification; note the immediately following reference to cattle from the pasture.

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