1Sa 14:1-13 - Commentary

Commentary

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Text -- 1 Samuel 14:1-13 (NET)

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Context

14:1 Then one day Jonathan son of Saul said to his armor bearer, “Come on, let’s go over to the Philistine garrison that is opposite us.” But he did not let his father know. 14:2 Now Saul was sitting under a pomegranate tree in Migron, on the outskirts of Gibeah. The army that was with him numbered about six hundred men. 14:3 Now Ahijah was carrying an ephod. He was the son of Ahitub, who was the brother of Ichabod and a son of Phineas, son of Eli, the priest of the Lord in Shiloh. The army was unaware that Jonathan had left. 14:4 Now there was a steep cliff on each side of the pass through which Jonathan intended to go to reach the Philistine garrison. One cliff was named Bozez, the other Seneh. 14:5 The cliff to the north was closer to Micmash, the one to the south closer to Geba. 14:6 Jonathan said to his armor bearer, “Come on, let’s go over to the garrison of these uncircumcised men. Perhaps the Lord will intervene for us. Nothing can prevent the Lord from delivering, whether by many or by a few.” 14:7 His armor bearer said to him, “Do everything that is on your mind. Do as you’re inclined. I’m with you all the way!” 14:8 Jonathan replied, “All right! We’ll go over to these men and fight them. 14:9 If they say to us, ‘Stay put until we approach you,’ we will stay right there and not go up to them. 14:10 But if they say, ‘Come up against us,’ we will go up. For in that case the Lord has given them into our hand– it will be a sign to us.” 14:11 When they made themselves known to the Philistine garrison, the Philistines said, “Look! The Hebrews are coming out of the holes in which they hid themselves.” 14:12 Then the men of the garrison said to Jonathan and his armor bearer, “Come on up to us so we can teach you a thing or two!” Then Jonathan said to his armor bearer, “Come up behind me, for the Lord has given them into the hand of Israel!” 14:13 Jonathan crawled up on his hands and feet, with his armor bearer following behind him. Jonathan struck down the Philistines, while his armor bearer came along behind him and killed them.

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ITL

Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:

· Ahijah great grandson of Eli; brother of Ahimelech,son of Shisha; secretary of King Solomon,prophet from Shiloh in Jeroboam's time,a man of Issachar; father of Baasha who killed Jeroboam,son of Jerahmeel of Judah,son of Ehud son of Gera of Benjamin,a man from Beth-Pelet; one of David's military elite,a Levite guard of the Temple treasure under David

· Ahitub chief priest Ahitub I; son of Phinehas II son of Eli,chief priest Ahitub II; son of Amariah I (WZ-466),chief priest, Ahitub III; son of Amariah II

· Bozez two rocky spurs with a pass between them

· Eli

· Geba a town of Judah 8 km north of Jerusalem, 5 km east of Gibeon (SMM)

· Gibeah a town of Judah 8 km north of Jerusalem, 5 km east of Gibeon (SMM)

· Hebrew a person descended from Heber; an ancient Jew; a Hebrew speaking Jew,any Jew, but particularly one who spoke the Hebrew language

· Ichabod son of Phinehas son of Eli the priest

· Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel

· Jonathan a man who was a descendant of Gershom son of Moses,son of Saul of Benjamin,son of the high priest Abiathar in David's time,the son of Shime-i, David's brother,son of Shammah/Shagee; one of David's military elite,son of Jada of Judah,son of Uzziah; overseer of the country treasuries for King David,a man who was uncle and counselor of King David,father of Ebed who accompanied Ezra leading the clan of Adin back from exile,a man who opposed Ezra's reforms; son of Asahel,a chief priest; son of Joiada,priest and head of the house of Malluchi under High Priest Joiakim in the time of Nehemiah,son of Shemaiah of Asaph of Levi; father of Zechariah,a man who was secretary and dungeon keeper for King Zedekiah; son of Kareah

· Michmash a town of Benjamin 12 km north of Jerusalem

· Migron a place near Michmash used as a threshing floor

· Philistines a sea people coming from Crete in 1200BC to the coast of Canaan

· Phinehas son of Eleazar; a chief priest, Phinehas I,a priest; son of Eli; Phinehas II,father of Eleazar, a priest on duty in the days of Ezra

· Saul the sixth king of Edom,son of Simeon and a Canaanite woman,son of Uzziah of Kohath son of Levi

· Seneh a rocky crag

· Shiloh a town having the Tent of Meeting in the time of Judges (IBD)

Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 1Sa 14:1 Or “the servant who was carrying his military equipment” (likewise in vv. 6, 7, 12, 13, 14).

NET Notes: 1Sa 14:3 Heb “bearing.” Many English versions understand this verb to mean “wearing” (cf. KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NLT).

NET Notes: 1Sa 14:6 Heb “act.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 14:7 Heb “Look, I am with you, according to your heart.” See the note at 13:14.

NET Notes: 1Sa 14:8 Heb “Look!”

NET Notes: 1Sa 14:9 Heb “stand.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 14:11 Heb “the two of them.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 14:12 The perfect verbal form is used rhetorically here to express Jonathan’s certitude. As far as he is concerned, the victory is as good as won and ...

NET Notes: 1Sa 14:13 Heb “and the one carrying his equipment was killing after him.”

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