Text -- 1 Samuel 7:1-10 (NET)

7:1 Then the people of Kiriath Jearim came and took the ark of the Lord; they brought it to the house of Abinadab located on the hill. They consecrated Eleazar his son to guard the ark of the Lord.

Further Conflict with the Philistines

7:2 It was quite a long time– some twenty years in all– that the ark stayed at Kiriath Jearim. All the people of Israel longed for the Lord. 7:3 Samuel said to all the people of Israel, “If you are really turning to the Lord with all your hearts, remove from among you the foreign gods and the images of Ashtoreth. Give your hearts to the Lord and serve only him. Then he will deliver you from the hand of the Philistines.” 7:4 So the Israelites removed the Baals and images of Ashtoreth. They served only the Lord. 7:5 Then Samuel said, “Gather all Israel to Mizpah, and I will pray to the Lord on your behalf.” 7:6 After they had assembled at Mizpah, they drew water and poured it out before the Lord. They fasted on that day, and they confessed there, “We have sinned against the Lord.” So Samuel led the people of Israel at Mizpah. 7:7 When the Philistines heard that the Israelites had gathered at Mizpah, the leaders of the Philistines went up against Israel. When the Israelites heard about this, they were afraid of the Philistines. 7:8 The Israelites said to Samuel, “Keep crying out to the Lord our God so that he may save us from the hand of the Philistines!” 7:9 So Samuel took a nursing lamb and offered it as a whole burnt offering to the Lord. Samuel cried out to the Lord on Israel’s behalf, and the Lord answered him. 7:10 As Samuel was offering burnt offerings, the Philistines approached to do battle with Israel. But on that day the Lord thundered loudly against the Philistines. He caused them to panic, and they were defeated by Israel.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:1

¹ tn Heb “men.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:2

¹ tn Heb “house” (also in the following verse).

² tn Heb “mourned after”; NIV “mourned and sought after”; KJV, NRSV “lamented after”; NAB “turned to”; NCV “began to follow…again.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:3

¹ tn Heb “the Ashtarot” (plural; also in the following verse). The words “images of” are supplied for clarity.

sn The Semitic goddess Astarte was associated with love and war in the ancient Near East. The presence of Ashtarot in Israel is a sign of pervasive pagan and idolatrous influences; hence Samuel calls for their removal. See 1 Sam 31:10, where the Philistines deposit the armor of the deceased Saul in the temple of the Ashtarot, and 1 Kgs 11:5, 33; 2 Kgs 23:13, where Solomon is faulted for worshiping the Ashtarot.

² tn Following imperatives, the jussive verbal form with the prefixed conjunction indicates purpose/result.

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:4

¹ tn Heb “the sons of Israel.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:6

¹ tn Heb “said.”

² tn Heb “judged”; NAB “began to judge”; TEV “settled disputes among.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:8

¹ tn Heb “don’t stop.”

² tc The LXX reads “your God” rather than the MT’s “our God.”

³ tn After the negated jussive, the prefixed verbal form with the prefixed conjunction indicates purpose/result.

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:9

¹ tn Heb “a lamb of milk”; NAB “an unweaned lamb”; NIV “a suckling lamb”; NCV “a baby lamb.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 7:10

¹ tn Heb “approached for battle against Israel.”

² tn Heb “before.”