2Ch 28:1-21 - Commentary

Commentary

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Text -- 2 Chronicles 28:1-21 (NET)

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Context

Ahaz’s Reign

28:1 Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for sixteen years in Jerusalem. He did not do what pleased the Lord, in contrast to his ancestor David. 28:2 He followed in the footsteps of the kings of Israel; he also made images of the Baals. 28:3 He offered sacrifices in the Valley of Ben-Hinnom and passed his sons through the fire, a horrible sin practiced by the nations whom the Lord drove out before the Israelites. 28:4 He offered sacrifices and burned incense on the high places, on the hills, and under every green tree. 28:5 The Lord his God handed him over to the king of Syria. The Syrians defeated him and deported many captives to Damascus. He was also handed over to the king of Israel, who thoroughly defeated him. 28:6 In one day King Pekah son of Remaliah of Israel killed 120,000 warriors in Judah, because they had abandoned the Lord God of their ancestors. 28:7 Zikri, an Ephraimite warrior, killed the king’s son Maaseiah, Azrikam, the supervisor of the palace, and Elkanah, the king’s second-in-command. 28:8 The Israelites seized from their brothers 200,000 wives, sons, and daughters. They also carried off a huge amount of plunder and took it back to Samaria. 28:9 Oded, a prophet of the Lord, was there. He went to meet the army as they arrived in Samaria and said to them: “Look, because the Lord God of your ancestors was angry with Judah he handed them over to you. You have killed them so mercilessly that God has taken notice. 28:10 And now you are planning to enslave the people of Judah and Jerusalem. Yet are you not also guilty before the Lord your God? 28:11 Now listen to me! Send back those you have seized from your brothers, for the Lord is very angry at you!” 28:12 So some of the Ephraimite family leaders, Azariah son of Jehochanan, Berechiah son of Meshillemoth, Jechizkiah son of Shallum, and Amasa son of Hadlai confronted those returning from the battle. 28:13 They said to them, “Don’t bring those captives here! Are you planning on making us even more sinful and guilty before the Lord? Our guilt is already great and the Lord is very angry at Israel.” 28:14 So the soldiers released the captives and the plunder before the officials and the entire assembly. 28:15 Men were assigned to take the prisoners and find clothes among the plunder for those who were naked. So they clothed them, supplied them with sandals, gave them food and drink, and provided them with oil to rub on their skin. They put the ones who couldn’t walk on donkeys. They brought them back to their brothers at Jericho, the city of the date palm trees, and then returned to Samaria. 28:16 At that time King Ahaz asked the king of Assyria for help. 28:17 The Edomites had again invaded and defeated Judah and carried off captives. 28:18 The Philistines had raided the cities of Judah in the lowlands and the Negev. They captured and settled in Beth Shemesh, Aijalon, Gederoth, Soco and its surrounding villages, Timnah and its surrounding villages, and Gimzo and its surrounding villages. 28:19 The Lord humiliated Judah because of King Ahaz of Israel, for he encouraged Judah to sin and was very unfaithful to the Lord. 28:20 King Tiglath-pileser of Assyria came, but he gave him more trouble than support. 28:21 Ahaz gathered riches from the Lord’s temple, the royal palace, and the officials and gave them to the king of Assyria, but that did not help.

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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:

· Ahaz a son of Jotham; listed as an ancestor of Jesus,son and successor of King Jotham of Judah,son of Micah of Benjamin

· Aijalon a town 19 km WNW of Jerusalem,a town in the land of Zebulun some 90 km north of Jerusalem

· Amasa son of David's sister Abigail and Jether the Ishmaelite,prince of Ephraim under Ahaz

· Assyria a member of the nation of Assyria

· Azariah son of Ahimaaz; grandson and successor of Zadok I,son of Nathan; a priest who was chief of Solomons officers,son and successor of king Amaziah of Judah,son of Ethan son of Zerah of Judah,son of Jehu son of Obed of Judah,son of Johanan; descendant of Meraioth I,son of Hilkiah before the exile; high priest Azariah III,a descendant of Hilkiah the priest,son of Zephaniah/Uriel (Korah Levi); forefather of Samuel,son of Oded; prophet under King Asa,second son of Jehoshaphat; brother of King Jehoram,fifth son of Jehoshaphat; brother of King Jehoram,son of Jeroham; a commander who helped enthrone Joash,son of Obed; a commander who helped enthrone Joash,the priest who confronted Uzziah for offering incense,a chief of Ephraim under Israel's King Pekah,father of Joel (Kohath Levi), who served under Hezekiah,son of Jehallelel (Merari Levi). He served under Hezekiah,chief priest, of Zadok's line, under Hezekiah,son of Maaseiah son of Ananiah; a repairer of Nehemiah's wall,a man who accompanied Zerubbabel back to the land of Judah,a scribe who helped Ezra explain the reading of the Law,a priest who signed the covenant to keep God's law,a prince of Judah who led praises to God on the new city wall,son of Hoshaiah; one of the leaders rebelling against Jeremiah,a man exiled from Judah and trained with Daniel in Babylon

· Azrikam son of Neariah, the descendent of Solomon,son of Azel of Benjamin,son of Hashabiah (Merari Levi),the commander of the palace under King Ahaz

· Baal a pagan god,a title of a pagan god,a town in the Negeb on the border of Simeon and Judah,son of Reaiah son of Micah; a descendant of Reuben,the forth son of Jeiel, the Benjamite

· Berechiah son of Meshullam; a descendant of Jehoiachin, king of Judah,son of Shimea (Levi); father of Asaph, David's song leader,son of Asa; a Levite who led his clan back from exile,a Levite porter for the ark in David's time,son of Meshillemoth, a man of Ephraim in the time of Pekah 741 BC (YC),son of Meshezabel; father of Meshullam a wall repairman,son of Iddo; father of Zechariah the prophet

· Beth-Shemesh a town marking the northern boarder of Judah (YC),a town of Issachar in lower Galilee by the boarder of Naphtali,a town of Naphtali in upper Galilee perhaps 25 km west of Hazor

· Beth-shemesh a town marking the northern boarder of Judah (YC),a town of Issachar in lower Galilee by the boarder of Naphtali,a town of Naphtali in upper Galilee perhaps 25 km west of Hazor

· Damascus a city-state in Syria, located near Mt. Hermon at the edge of the Syrian desert (OS),a town near Mt. Hermon at the edge of the Syrian desert (OS)

· David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel

· Edomite resident(s) of the region of Edom

· Elkanah son of Assir of Kohath son of Levi,a man of Ephraim; father-in-law of Ruth the Moabitess; son of Jeroham,son of Shaul (Joel) of Kohath son of Levi,son of Ahimoth (Mahath) of Kohath son of Levi,son of Jeroham of Kohath son of Levi,a Levite whose descendants returned from exile; the father of Asa,a man of Benjamin who defected to David at Ziklag,a Levite porter for the ark in David's time,lieutenant commander of the palace of King Ahaz

· Ephraim the tribe of Ephraim as a whole,the northern kingdom of Israel

· Gederoth a town in the western foothills of Judah

· Gimzo a town 20 km SE of Joppa and 20 km south of Aphek (SMM)

· Hadlai father of Amasa who helped send Judean war captives home

· Hinnom a man and a valley

· Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel

· Jehizkiah son of Shallum (Ephraim)

· Jericho a town five miles west of the Jordan and 15 miles northeast of Jerusalem,a town of Benjamin 11 km NW of the mouth of the Jordan River

· Jerusalem the capital city of Israel,a town; the capital of Israel near the southern border of Benjamin

· Johanan son of Kareah; a militia leader who rallied to Gedaliah,son of King Josiah,son of Eli-O-Enai, a descendant of Hananiah, Zerubbabel and David,a high priest; son of Azariah I,a Benjamite man who defected to David at Ziklag,Gadite officer who defected to David in the wilderness,a man of Ephraim; father of Azariah, who opposed Israel's taking Judeans captive,son of Hakkatan; head of a family group descended from Azgad who returned from exile,a Levite leader during the time of Nehemiah,son of Eliashib; a chief priest

· Judah the son of Jacob and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,a tribe, the land/country,a son of Joseph; the father of Simeon; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Jacob/Israel and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,the tribe of Judah,citizens of the southern kingdom of Judah,citizens of the Persian Province of Judah; the Jews who had returned from Babylonian exile,"house of Judah", a phrase which highlights the political leadership of the tribe of Judah,"king of Judah", a phrase which relates to the southern kingdom of Judah,"kings of Judah", a phrase relating to the southern kingdom of Judah,"princes of Judah", a phrase relating to the kingdom of Judah,the territory allocated to the tribe of Judah, and also the extended territory of the southern kingdom of Judah,the Province of Judah under Persian rule,"hill country of Judah", the relatively cool and green central highlands of the territory of Judah,"the cities of Judah",the language of the Jews; Hebrew,head of a family of Levites who returned from Exile,a Levite who put away his heathen wife,a man who was second in command of Jerusalem; son of Hassenuah of Benjamin,a Levite in charge of the songs of thanksgiving in Nehemiah's time,a leader who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,a Levite musician who helped Zechariah of Asaph dedicate Nehemiah's wall

· Ma-Aseiah a Levite worship leader in David's time,son of Adaiah; a commander who helped enthrone King Joash,a man who was a recruiting officer for King Uzziah's army,son of King Ahaz,a man who was governor of Jerusalem under King Josiah,a priest descended from Jeshua who put away his heathen wife,a priest descended from Harim who put away his heathen wife,a priest descended from Pashhur who put away his heathen wife,a layman of Pahath-Moab clan who put away his heathen wife,son of Ananiah; father of Azariah who helped repair the wall,a man who stood with Ezra when he read the law to the assembly,a Levite who helped Ezra explain the reading of the law,an chief who signed the covenant to keep the law of Moses,son of Baruch of Judah; a returned exile in Jerusalem,son of Ithiel of Benjamin,a priest who helped celebrate the completion of the wall,father of Zephaniah the priest in the time of Jeremiah,a false prophet in the time of King Zedekiah of Judah,son of Shallum, a gate keeper under King Jehoiakim

· Meshillemoth father of Berechiah of Ephraim,son of Immer; ancestor of Amashsai, a post-exilic priest

· Negeb geographical region: South country

· Oded father of Azariah, a prophet in King Asa's time,an Israelite prophet in the time of King Pekah

· Pekah son of Remaliah; king of Israel

· Philistines a sea people coming from Crete in 1200BC to the coast of Canaan

· more...

Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 2Ch 28:1 Heb “and he did not do what was proper in the eyes of the Lord, like David his father.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 28:2 Heb “he walked in the ways of.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 28:3 Heb “like the abominable practices of the nations.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 28:5 Heb “who struck him down with a great striking.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 28:6 Heb “fathers” (also in vv. 9, 25).

NET Notes: 2Ch 28:8 For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.

NET Notes: 2Ch 28:9 Heb “and you killed them with anger [that] reaches as far as heaven.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 28:10 Heb “sons.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 28:11 Heb “for the rage of the anger of the Lord is upon you.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 28:12 Heb “arose against.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 28:13 Heb “for great is [the] guilt to us and rage of anger is upon Israel.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 28:15 For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.

NET Notes: 2Ch 28:16 Most Hebrew mss read the plural, “kings,” but one Hebrew ms, the LXX and Vulgate read the singular “king.” Note the singular i...

NET Notes: 2Ch 28:18 Heb “Shephelah.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 28:19 The infinitive absolute precedes the finite verbal form to emphasize the degree of Ahaz’s unfaithfulness.

NET Notes: 2Ch 28:20 Heb “and he caused him distress and did not strengthen him.”

NET Notes: 2Ch 28:21 Heb “divided up,” but some read חִלֵּץ (khillets, “despoiled”).

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