2Sa 11:1-15 - Commentary

Commentary

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Text -- 2 Samuel 11:1-15 (NET)

Strongs On/Off

Context

David Commits Adultery with Bathsheba

11:1 In the spring of the year, at the time when kings normally conduct wars, David sent out Joab with his officers and the entire Israelite army. They defeated the Ammonites and besieged Rabbah. But David stayed behind in Jerusalem. 11:2 One evening David got up from his bed and walked around on the roof of his palace. From the roof he saw a woman bathing. Now this woman was very attractive. 11:3 So David sent someone to inquire about the woman. The messenger said, “Isn’t this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?” 11:4 David sent some messengers to get her. She came to him and he had sexual relations with her. (Now at that time she was in the process of purifying herself from her menstrual uncleanness.) Then she returned to her home. 11:5 The woman conceived and then sent word to David saying, “I’m pregnant.” 11:6 So David sent a message to Joab that said, “Send me Uriah the Hittite.” So Joab sent Uriah to David. 11:7 When Uriah came to him, David asked about how Joab and the army were doing and how the campaign was going. 11:8 Then David said to Uriah, “Go down to your home and relax.” When Uriah left the palace, the king sent a gift to him. 11:9 But Uriah stayed at the door of the palace with all the servants of his lord. He did not go down to his house. 11:10 So they informed David, “Uriah has not gone down to his house.” So David said to Uriah, “Haven’t you just arrived from a journey? Why haven’t you gone down to your house?” 11:11 Uriah replied to David, “The ark and Israel and Judah reside in temporary shelters, and my lord Joab and my lord’s soldiers are camping in the open field. Should I go to my house to eat and drink and have marital relations with my wife? As surely as you are alive, I will not do this thing!” 11:12 So David said to Uriah, “Stay here another day. Tomorrow I will send you back.” So Uriah stayed in Jerusalem both that day and the following one. 11:13 Then David summoned him. He ate and drank with him, and got him drunk. But in the evening he went out to sleep on his bed with the servants of his lord; he did not go down to his own house. 11:14 In the morning David wrote a letter to Joab and sent it with Uriah. 11:15 In the letter he wrote: “Station Uriah in the thick of the battle and then withdraw from him so he will be cut down and killed.”

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Cross Reference (TSK)

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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:

· Ammonites the tribe/nation of people descended from Ben-Ammi, Lot's son,Territory of the tribe/nation of Ammon

· Bathsheba daughter of Shua the Canaanite; wife of Judah,daughter of Ammiel/Eliam; the wife David took from Uriah

· David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel

· Eliam son of Ahithophel of Gilo; father of Bathsheba/Bathshua

· Hittite a person/people living in the land of Syro-Palestine

· Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel

· Jerusalem the capital city of Israel,a town; the capital of Israel near the southern border of Benjamin

· Joab son of Zeruiah, David's sister; commander of King David's army,son of Seraiah son of Kenaz of Judah; grand nephew of Caleb of Moses' time,a man whose descendants returned from exile in Babylon,ancestor of a family group who returned from exile headed by Obadiah the son of Jehiel

· Judah the son of Jacob and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,a tribe, the land/country,a son of Joseph; the father of Simeon; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Jacob/Israel and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,the tribe of Judah,citizens of the southern kingdom of Judah,citizens of the Persian Province of Judah; the Jews who had returned from Babylonian exile,"house of Judah", a phrase which highlights the political leadership of the tribe of Judah,"king of Judah", a phrase which relates to the southern kingdom of Judah,"kings of Judah", a phrase relating to the southern kingdom of Judah,"princes of Judah", a phrase relating to the kingdom of Judah,the territory allocated to the tribe of Judah, and also the extended territory of the southern kingdom of Judah,the Province of Judah under Persian rule,"hill country of Judah", the relatively cool and green central highlands of the territory of Judah,"the cities of Judah",the language of the Jews; Hebrew,head of a family of Levites who returned from Exile,a Levite who put away his heathen wife,a man who was second in command of Jerusalem; son of Hassenuah of Benjamin,a Levite in charge of the songs of thanksgiving in Nehemiah's time,a leader who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,a Levite musician who helped Zechariah of Asaph dedicate Nehemiah's wall

· Rabbah a town; the capital of the nation of Ammon. It is now called Amman, the capital of Jordan.,a town in the hill country of Judah

· Uriah the husband of Bathsheba with whom David committed adultery,a Hittite man who was one of David's military elite,the high priest who served under King Ahaz of Judah,father of Meremoth the priest who received the temple vessels,a man who stood with Ezra when he read the law to the assembly,son of Shemaiah from Kiriath-Jearim

Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 2Sa 11:1 For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

NET Notes: 2Sa 11:2 The disjunctive clause highlights this observation and builds the tension of the story.

NET Notes: 2Sa 11:3 Heb “he”; the referent (the messenger) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

NET Notes: 2Sa 11:4 The parenthetical disjunctive clause further heightens the tension by letting the reader know that Bathsheba, having just completed her menstrual cycl...

NET Notes: 2Sa 11:7 Heb “concerning the peace of Joab and concerning the peace of the people and concerning the peace of the battle.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 11:8 Heb “and there went out after him the gift of the king.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 11:9 The Lucianic recension of the Old Greek translation lacks the word “all.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 11:11 Heb “as you live and as your soul lives.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 11:12 On the chronology involved here see P. K. McCarter, II Samuel (AB), 287.

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