Text -- 2 Samuel 15:1-28 (NET)

Absalom Leads an Insurrection against David

15:1 Some time later Absalom managed to acquire a chariot and horses, as well as fifty men to serve as his royal guard. 15:2 Now Absalom used to get up early and stand beside the road that led to the city gate. Whenever anyone came by who had a complaint to bring to the king for arbitration, Absalom would call out to him, “What city are you from?” The person would answer, “I, your servant, am from one of the tribes of Israel.” 15:3 Absalom would then say to him, “Look, your claims are legitimate and appropriate. But there is no representative of the king who will listen to you.” 15:4 Absalom would then say, “If only they would make me a judge in the land! Then everyone who had a judicial complaint could come to me and I would make sure he receives a just settlement.” 15:5 When someone approached to bow before him, Absalom would extend his hand and embrace him and kiss him. 15:6 Absalom acted this way toward everyone in Israel who came to the king for justice. In this way Absalom won the loyalty of the citizens of Israel. 15:7 After four years Absalom said to the king, “Let me go and repay my vow that I made to the Lord while I was in Hebron. 15:8 For I made this vow when I was living in Geshur in Aram: ‘If the Lord really does allow me to return to Jerusalem, I will serve the Lord.’” 15:9 The king replied to him, “Go in peace.” So Absalom got up and went to Hebron. 15:10 Then Absalom sent spies through all the tribes of Israel who said, “When you hear the sound of the horn, you may assume that Absalom rules in Hebron.” 15:11 Now two hundred men had gone with Absalom from Jerusalem. Since they were invited, they went naively and were unaware of what Absalom was planning. 15:12 While he was offering sacrifices, Absalom sent for Ahithophel the Gilonite, David’s adviser, to come from his city, Giloh. The conspiracy was gaining momentum, and the people were starting to side with Absalom.

David Flees from Jerusalem

15:13 Then a messenger came to David and reported, “The men of Israel are loyal to Absalom!” 15:14 So David said to all his servants who were with him in Jerusalem, “Come on! Let’s escape! Otherwise no one will be delivered from Absalom! Go immediately, or else he will quickly overtake us and bring disaster on us and kill the city’s residents with the sword.” 15:15 The king’s servants replied to the king, “We will do whatever our lord the king decides.” 15:16 So the king and all the members of his royal court set out on foot, though the king left behind ten concubines to attend to the palace. 15:17 The king and all the people set out on foot, pausing at a spot some distance away. 15:18 All his servants were leaving with him, along with all the Kerethites, all the Pelethites, and all the Gittites– some six hundred men who had come on foot from Gath. They were leaving with the king. 15:19 Then the king said to Ittai the Gittite, “Why should you come with us? Go back and stay with the new king, for you are a foreigner and an exile from your own country. 15:20 It seems like you arrived just yesterday. Today should I make you wander around by going with us? I go where I must go. But as for you, go back and take your men with you. May genuine loyal love protect you!” 15:21 But Ittai replied to the king, “As surely as the Lord lives and as my lord the king lives, wherever my lord the king is, whether dead or alive, there I will be as well!” 15:22 So David said to Ittai, “Come along then.” So Ittai the Gittite went along, accompanied by all his men and all the dependents who were with him. 15:23 All the land was weeping loudly as all these people were leaving. As the king was crossing over the Kidron Valley, all the people were leaving on the road that leads to the desert. 15:24 Zadok and all the Levites who were with him were carrying the ark of the covenant of God. When they positioned the ark of God, Abiathar offered sacrifices until all the people had finished leaving the city. 15:25 Then the king said to Zadok, “Take the ark of God back to the city. If I find favor in the Lord’s sight he will bring me back and enable me to see both it and his dwelling place again. 15:26 However, if he should say, ‘I do not take pleasure in you,’ then he will deal with me in a way that he considers appropriate.” 15:27 The king said to Zadok the priest, “Are you a seer? Go back to the city in peace! Your son Ahimaaz and Abiathar’s son Jonathan may go with you and Abiathar. 15:28 Look, I will be waiting at the fords of the desert until word from you reaches me.”

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:1

¹ tn Heb “acquired for himself.”

² tn Heb “to run ahead of him.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:2

¹ tn Heb “your servant.” So also in vv. 8, 15, 21.

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:3

¹ tn Heb “good and straight.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:4

¹ tn Heb “Who will make me?”

² tn Heb “a complaint and a judgment.” The expression is a hendiadys.

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:5

¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Absalom) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:6

¹ tn Heb “stole the heart.”

² tn Heb “the men.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:7

¹ tc The MT has here “forty,” but this is presumably a scribal error for “four.” The context will not tolerate a period of forty years prior to the rebellion of Absalom. The Lucianic Greek recension (τέσσαρα ἔτη, tessara ete), the Syriac Peshitta (’arba’ sanin), and Vulgate (post quattuor autem annos) in fact have the expected reading “four years.” Most English translations follow the versions in reading “four” here, although some (e.g. KJV, ASV, NASB, NKJV), following the MT, read “forty.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:8

¹ tn Heb “for your servant vowed a vow.” The formal court style of referring to one’s self in third person (“your servant”) has been translated here as first person for clarity.

² map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:9

¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Absalom) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:10

¹ tn Heb “say.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:11

¹ tn Heb “being invited and going naively and they did not know anything.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:12

¹ tn Traditionally, “counselor,” but this term is more often associated with psychological counseling today, so “adviser” was used in the translation instead.

² tn Heb “Absalom sent for Ahithophel the Gilonite, the adviser of David, from his city, from Giloh, while he was sacrificing.” It is not entirely clear who (Absalom or Ahithophel) was offering the sacrifices.

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:13

¹ tn Heb “the heart of the men of Israel is with Absalom.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:14

¹ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

² tn Heb “Arise!”

³ tn Heb “let’s flee.”

⁴ tn Heb “thrust.”

⁵ tn Heb “and strike the city with the edge of the sword.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:15

¹ tn Heb “according to all that my lord the king will choose, behold your servants!”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:16

¹ tn Heb “and all his house.”

² tn Heb “women, concubines.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:17

¹ tn Heb “and they stood.”

² tn Heb “house.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:18

¹ tn Heb “crossing over near his hand.”

² tn Heb “crossing over near the face of.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:19

¹ tn The word “new” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation to make it clear that David refers to Absalom, not himself.

² tn Heb “place.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:20

¹ tn Heb “brothers,” but see v. 22.

² tn Heb “loyal love and truth.” The expression is a hendiadys.

³ tn Heb “be with.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:21

¹ tn Heb “whether for death or for life.”

² tn Heb “your servant.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:22

¹ tn Heb “Come and cross over.”

² tn Heb “crossed over.”

³ tn Heb “all the little ones.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:23

¹ tn Heb “with a great voice.”

² tn Heb “crossing over.”

³ tn Heb “crossing near the face of.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:24

¹ tn Heb “crossing from.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:26

¹ tn Heb “as [is] good in his eyes.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:27

¹ tn The Greek tradition understands the Hebrew word as an imperative (“see”). Most Greek mss have ἴδετε (idete); the Lucianic recension has βλέπε (blepe). It could just as well be taken as a question: “Don’t you see what is happening?” The present translation takes the word as a question, with the implication that Zadok is a priest and not a prophet (i.e., “seer”) and therefore unable to know what the future holds.

² tn Heb “And Ahimaaz your son, and Jonathan the son of Abiathar, two of your sons, with you.” The pronominal suffix on the last word is plural, referring to Zadok and Abiathar.

NET Notes: 2Sa 15:28

¹ tn The pronoun is plural, referring to Zadok and Abiathar.