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Text -- Exodus 21:12-27 (NET)

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Context
Personal Injuries
21:12 “Whoever strikes someone so that he dies must surely be put to death. 21:13 But if he does not do it with premeditation, but it happens by accident, then I will appoint for you a place where he may flee. 21:14 But if a man willfully attacks his neighbor to kill him cunningly, you will take him even from my altar that he may die. 21:15 “Whoever strikes his father or his mother must surely be put to death. 21:16 “Whoever kidnaps someone and sells him, or is caught still holding him, must surely be put to death. 21:17 “Whoever treats his father or his mother disgracefully must surely be put to death. 21:18 “If men fight, and one strikes his neighbor with a stone or with his fist and he does not die, but must remain in bed, 21:19 and then if he gets up and walks about outside on his staff, then the one who struck him is innocent, except he must pay for the injured person’s loss of time and see to it that he is fully healed. 21:20 “If a man strikes his male servant or his female servant with a staff so that he or she dies as a result of the blow, he will surely be punished. 21:21 However, if the injured servant survives one or two days, the owner will not be punished, for he has suffered the loss. 21:22 “If men fight and hit a pregnant woman and her child is born prematurely, but there is no serious injury, he will surely be punished in accordance with what the woman’s husband demands of him, and he will pay what the court decides. 21:23 But if there is serious injury, then you will give a life for a life, 21:24 eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, 21:25 burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise. 21:26 “If a man strikes the eye of his male servant or his female servant so that he destroys it, he will let the servant go free as compensation for the eye. 21:27 If he knocks out the tooth of his male servant or his female servant, he will let the servant go free as compensation for the tooth.
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Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Exo 21:12 See A. Phillips, “Another Look at Murder,” JJS 28 (1977): 105-26.

NET Notes: Exo 21:13 Heb “and God brought into his hand.” The death is unintended, its circumstances outside human control.

NET Notes: Exo 21:14 The word עָרְמָה (’ormah) is problematic. It could mean with prior intent, which would be connected wi...

NET Notes: Exo 21:15 This is the same construction that was used in v. 12, but here there is no mention of the parents’ death. This attack, then, does not lead to th...

NET Notes: Exo 21:16 Literally “and he is found in his hand” (KJV and ASV both similar), being not yet sold.

NET Notes: Exo 21:17 The form is a Piel participle from קָלַל (qalal), meaning in Qal “be light,” in Piel “treat lightly, c...

NET Notes: Exo 21:18 Heb “falls to bed.”

NET Notes: Exo 21:19 The word appears to be the infinitive from the verb “to sit” with a meaning of “his sitting down”; some suggest it is from the...

NET Notes: Exo 21:20 Heb “will be avenged” (how is not specified).

NET Notes: Exo 21:21 This last clause is a free paraphrase of the Hebrew, “for he is his money” (so KJV, ASV); NASB “his property.” It seems that i...

NET Notes: Exo 21:22 The word בִּפְלִלִים (biflilim) means “with arbitrators.” The point then...

NET Notes: Exo 21:25 The text now introduces the Lex Talionis with cases that were not likely to have applied to the situation of the pregnant woman. See K. Luke, “E...

NET Notes: Exo 21:26 Interestingly, the verb used here for “let him go” is the same verb throughout the first part of the book for “release” of the...

NET Notes: Exo 21:27 Heb “him”; the referent (the male or female servant) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

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