Text -- Ezekiel 32:1-19 (NET)

Lamentation over Pharaoh and Egypt

32:1 In the twelfth year, in the twelfth month, on the first of the month, the word of the Lord came to me: 32:2 “Son of man, sing a lament for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and say to him: “‘You were like a lion among the nations, but you are a monster in the seas; you thrash about in your streams, stir up the water with your feet, and muddy your streams. 32:3 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: “‘I will throw my net over you in the assembly of many peoples; and they will haul you up in my dragnet. 32:4 I will leave you on the ground, I will fling you on the open field, I will allow all the birds of the sky to settle on you, and I will permit all the wild animals to gorge themselves on you. 32:5 I will put your flesh on the mountains, and fill the valleys with your maggot-infested carcass. 32:6 I will drench the land with the flow of your blood up to the mountains, and the ravines will be full of your blood. 32:7 When I extinguish you, I will cover the sky; I will darken its stars. I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon will not shine. 32:8 I will darken all the lights in the sky over you, and I will darken your land, declares the sovereign Lord. 32:9 I will disturb many peoples, when I bring about your destruction among the nations, among countries you do not know. 32:10 I will shock many peoples with you, and their kings will shiver with horror because of you. When I brandish my sword before them, every moment each one will tremble for his life, on the day of your fall. 32:11 “‘For this is what the sovereign Lord says: “‘The sword of the king of Babylon will attack you. 32:12 By the swords of the mighty warriors I will cause your hordes to fall– all of them are the most terrifying among the nations. They will devastate the pride of Egypt, and all its hordes will be destroyed. 32:13 I will destroy all its cattle beside the plentiful waters; and no human foot will disturb the waters again, nor will the hooves of cattle disturb them. 32:14 Then I will make their waters calm, and will make their streams flow like olive oil, declares the sovereign Lord. 32:15 When I turn the land of Egypt into desolation and the land is destitute of everything that fills it, when I strike all those who live in it, then they will know that I am the Lord.’ 32:16 This is a lament; they will chant it. The daughters of the nations will chant it. They will chant it over Egypt and over all her hordes, declares the sovereign Lord.” 32:17 In the twelfth year, on the fifteenth day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me: 32:18 “Son of man, wail over the horde of Egypt. Bring it down; bring her and the daughters of powerful nations down to the lower parts of the earth, along with those who descend to the pit. 32:19 Say to them, ‘Whom do you surpass in beauty? Go down and be laid to rest with the uncircumcised!’

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Eze 32:1

¹ sn This would be March 3, 585 b.c.

NET Notes: Eze 32:2

¹ tn The lion was a figure of royalty (Ezek 19:1-9).

² tc The Hebrew reads “their streams”; the LXX reads “your streams.”

NET Notes: Eze 32:3

¹ tn The expression “throw my net” is common in Ezekiel (12:13; 17:20; 19:8).

NET Notes: Eze 32:4

¹ tn Or “cause.”

² tn Heb “live.”

³ tn Or “cause.”

⁴ tn Heb “the beasts of the field,” referring to wild as opposed to domesticated animals.

NET Notes: Eze 32:5

¹ tc The Hebrew text is difficult here, apparently meaning “your height.” Following Symmachus and the Syriac, it is preferable to emend the text to read “your maggots.” See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:203.

NET Notes: Eze 32:6

¹ tn Heb “from you.”

NET Notes: Eze 32:7

¹ tn Heb “will not shine its light.” For similar features of cosmic eschatology, see Joel 2:10; 4:15; Amos 5:18-20; Zeph 1:5.

NET Notes: Eze 32:9

¹ tn Heb “I will provoke the heart of.”

NET Notes: Eze 32:11

¹ sn The king of Babylon referred to here was Nebuchadnezzar (Ezek 21:19).

² tn Heb “approach.”

NET Notes: Eze 32:13

¹ tn Heb “muddy.”

² tn Heb “them,” that is, the waters mentioned in the previous line. The translation clarifies the referent.

NET Notes: Eze 32:14

¹ tn Heb “sink,” that is, to settle and become clear, not muddied.

NET Notes: Eze 32:17

¹ tn March 17, 585 b.c. The LXX adds “first month.”

NET Notes: Eze 32:18

¹ tn The Hebrew verb is used as a response to death (Jer 9:17-19; Amos 5:16).

² sn Through this prophetic lament given by God himself, the prophet activates the judgment described therein. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:217, and L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:136-37.

³ tn Heb “Bring him down, her and the daughters of the powerful nations, to the earth below.” The verb “bring down” appears in the Hebrew text only once. Because the verb takes several objects here, the repetition of the verb in the translation improves the English style.

⁴ tn This apparently refers to personified Egypt.

NET Notes: Eze 32:19

¹ tc The LXX places this verse after v. 21.

tn The words “say to them” are added in the translation for clarity to indicate the shift in addressee from the prophet to Egypt.

² tn Heb “pleasantness.”