Text -- Genesis 43:1-25 (NET)

The Second Journey to Egypt

43:1 Now the famine was severe in the land. 43:2 When they finished eating the grain they had brought from Egypt, their father said to them, “Return, buy us a little more food.” 43:3 But Judah said to him, “The man solemnly warned us, ‘You will not see my face unless your brother is with you.’ 43:4 If you send our brother with us, we’ll go down and buy food for you. 43:5 But if you will not send him, we won’t go down there because the man said to us, ‘You will not see my face unless your brother is with you.’” 43:6 Israel said, “Why did you bring this trouble on me by telling the man you had one more brother?” 43:7 They replied, “The man questioned us thoroughly about ourselves and our family, saying, ‘Is your father still alive? Do you have another brother?’ So we answered him in this way. How could we possibly know that he would say, ‘Bring your brother down’?” 43:8 Then Judah said to his father Israel, “Send the boy with me and we will go immediately. Then we will live and not die– we and you and our little ones. 43:9 I myself pledge security for him; you may hold me liable. If I do not bring him back to you and place him here before you, I will bear the blame before you all my life. 43:10 But if we had not delayed, we could have traveled there and back twice by now!” 43:11 Then their father Israel said to them, “If it must be so, then do this: Take some of the best products of the land in your bags, and take a gift down to the man– a little balm and a little honey, spices and myrrh, pistachios and almonds. 43:12 Take double the money with you; you must take back the money that was returned in the mouths of your sacks– perhaps it was an oversight. 43:13 Take your brother too, and go right away to the man. 43:14 May the sovereign God grant you mercy before the man so that he may release your other brother and Benjamin! As for me, if I lose my children I lose them.” 43:15 So the men took these gifts, and they took double the money with them, along with Benjamin. Then they hurried down to Egypt and stood before Joseph. 43:16 When Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the servant who was over his household, “Bring the men to the house. Slaughter an animal and prepare it, for the men will eat with me at noon.” 43:17 The man did just as Joseph said; he brought the men into Joseph’s house. 43:18 But the men were afraid when they were brought to Joseph’s house. They said, “We are being brought in because of the money that was returned in our sacks last time. He wants to capture us, make us slaves, and take our donkeys!” 43:19 So they approached the man who was in charge of Joseph’s household and spoke to him at the entrance to the house. 43:20 They said, “My lord, we did indeed come down the first time to buy food. 43:21 But when we came to the place where we spent the night, we opened our sacks and each of us found his money– the full amount– in the mouth of his sack. So we have returned it. 43:22 We have brought additional money with us to buy food. We do not know who put the money in our sacks!” 43:23 “Everything is fine,” the man in charge of Joseph’s household told them. “Don’t be afraid. Your God and the God of your father has given you treasure in your sacks. I had your money.” Then he brought Simeon out to them. 43:24 The servant in charge brought the men into Joseph’s house. He gave them water, and they washed their feet. Then he gave food to their donkeys. 43:25 They got their gifts ready for Joseph’s arrival at noon, for they had heard that they were to have a meal there.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Gen 43:1

¹ tn The disjunctive clause gives supplemental information that is important to the storyline.

NET Notes: Gen 43:3

¹ tn The infinitive absolute with the finite verb stresses the point. The primary meaning of the verb is “to witness; to testify.” It alludes to Joseph’s oath, which was tantamount to a threat or warning.

² tn The idiom “see my face” means “have an audience with me.”

NET Notes: Gen 43:4

¹ tn Heb “if there is you sending,” that is, “if you send.”

NET Notes: Gen 43:6

¹ tn The verb may even have a moral connotation here, “Why did you do evil to me?”

² tn The infinitive construct here explains how they brought trouble on Jacob.

NET Notes: Gen 43:7

¹ tn The word “us” has been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

² tn The infinitive absolute with the perfect verbal form emphasizes that Joseph questioned them thoroughly.

³ sn The report given here concerning Joseph’s interrogation does not exactly match the previous account where they supplied the information to clear themselves (see 42:13). This section may reflect how they remembered the impact of his interrogation, whether he asked the specific questions or not. That may be twisting the truth to protect themselves, not wanting to admit that they volunteered the information. (They admitted as much in 42:31, but now they seem to be qualifying that comment.) On the other hand, when speaking to Joseph later (see 44:19), Judah claims that Joseph asked for the information about their family, making it possible that 42:13 leaves out some of the details of their first encounter.

⁴ tn Heb “and we told to him according to these words.”

⁵ tn The infinitive absolute emphasizes the imperfect verbal form, which here is a historic future (that is, future from the perspective of a past time).

⁶ tn Once again the imperfect verbal form is used as a historic future (that is, future from the perspective of past time).

NET Notes: Gen 43:8

¹ tn Heb “and we will rise up and we will go.” The first verb is adverbial and gives the expression the sense of “we will go immediately.”

² tn After the preceding cohortatives, the prefixed verbal form (either imperfect or cohortative) with the prefixed conjunction here indicates purpose or result.

NET Notes: Gen 43:9

¹ tn The pronoun before the first person verbal form draws attention to the subject and emphasizes Judah’s willingness to be personally responsible for the boy.

² sn I will bear the blame before you all my life. It is not clear how this would work out if Benjamin did not come back. But Judah is offering his life for Benjamin’s if Benjamin does not return.

NET Notes: Gen 43:10

¹ tn Heb “we could have returned.”

NET Notes: Gen 43:12

¹ tn Heb “in your hand.”

² tn Heb “take back in your hand.” The imperfect verbal form probably has an injunctive or obligatory force here, since Jacob is instructing his sons.

NET Notes: Gen 43:13

¹ tn Heb “arise, return,” meaning “get up and go back,” or “go back immediately.”

² sn The man refers to the Egyptian official, whom the reader or hearer of the narrative knows is Joseph. In this context both the sons and Jacob refer to him simply as “the man” (see vv. 3-7).

NET Notes: Gen 43:14

¹ tn Heb “El Shaddai.” See the extended note on the phrase “sovereign God” in Gen 17:1.

² tn Heb “release to you.” After the jussive this perfect verbal form with prefixed vav (ו) probably indicates logical consequence, as well as temporal sequence.

³ sn Several Jewish commentators suggest that the expression your other brother refers to Joseph. This would mean that Jacob prophesied unwittingly. However, it is much more likely that Simeon is the referent of the phrase “your other brother” (see Gen 42:24).

⁴ tn Heb “if I am bereaved I am bereaved.” With this fatalistic sounding statement Jacob resolves himself to the possibility of losing both Benjamin and Simeon.

NET Notes: Gen 43:15

¹ tn Heb “they arose and went down to Egypt.” The first verb has an adverbial function and emphasizes that they departed right away.

NET Notes: Gen 43:17

¹ tn Heb “the man.” This has been replaced in the translation by the pronoun “he” for stylistic reasons.

² sn This verse is a summary statement. The next verses delineate intermediate steps (see v. 24) in the process.

NET Notes: Gen 43:18

¹ tn Heb “over the matter of.”

² tn Heb “in the beginning,” that is, at the end of their first visit.

³ tn Heb “to roll himself upon us and to cause himself to fall upon us.” The infinitives here indicate the purpose (as viewed by the brothers) for their being brought to Joseph’s house.

⁴ tn The word “take” has been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

NET Notes: Gen 43:20

¹ tn The infinitive absolute is used for emphasis before the finite verbal form.

² tn Heb “in the beginning” (see the note on the phrase “last time” in v. 18).

NET Notes: Gen 43:21

¹ tn Heb “in its weight.”

² tn Heb “brought it back in our hand.”

NET Notes: Gen 43:23

¹ tn Heb “and he said, ‘peace to you.’” Here the statement has the force of “everything is fine,” or perhaps even “calm down.” The referent of “he” (the man in charge of Joseph’ household) has been specified in the translation for clarity, and the order of the introductory clause and the direct discourse has been rearranged for stylistic reasons.

² sn Your God and the God of your father…This is the first clear reference in the story to the theme of divine providence – that God works through the human actions to do his will.

³ tn Heb “your money came to me.”

NET Notes: Gen 43:24

¹ tn Heb “the man.”

NET Notes: Gen 43:25

¹ tn The construction uses the infinitive construct after the preposition, followed by the subjective genitive.

² tn The action precedes the action of preparing the gift, and so must be translated as past perfect.

³ tn Heb “eat bread.” The imperfect verbal form is used here as a historic future (future from the perspective of the past).