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Text -- Isaiah 1:2-31 (NET)

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Context
Obedience, not Sacrifice
1:2 Listen, O heavens, pay attention, O earth! For the Lord speaks: “I raised children, I brought them up, but they have rebelled against me! 1:3 An ox recognizes its owner, a donkey recognizes where its owner puts its food; but Israel does not recognize me, my people do not understand.” 1:4 The sinful nation is as good as dead, the people weighed down by evil deeds. They are offspring who do wrong, children who do wicked things. They have abandoned the Lord, and rejected the Holy One of Israel. They are alienated from him. 1:5 Why do you insist on being battered? Why do you continue to rebel? Your head has a massive wound, your whole body is weak. 1:6 From the soles of your feet to your head, there is no spot that is unharmed. There are only bruises, cuts, and open wounds. They have not been cleansed or bandaged, nor have they been treated with olive oil. 1:7 Your land is devastated, your cities burned with fire. Right before your eyes your crops are being destroyed by foreign invaders. They leave behind devastation and destruction. 1:8 Daughter Zion is left isolated, like a hut in a vineyard, or a shelter in a cucumber field; she is a besieged city. 1:9 If the Lord who commands armies had not left us a few survivors, we would have quickly become like Sodom, we would have become like Gomorrah. 1:10 Listen to the Lord’s word, you leaders of Sodom! Pay attention to our God’s rebuke, people of Gomorrah! 1:11 “Of what importance to me are your many sacrifices?” says the Lord. “I am stuffed with burnt sacrifices of rams and the fat from steers. The blood of bulls, lambs, and goats I do not want. 1:12 When you enter my presence, do you actually think I want this– animals trampling on my courtyards? 1:13 Do not bring any more meaningless offerings; I consider your incense detestable! You observe new moon festivals, Sabbaths, and convocations, but I cannot tolerate sin-stained celebrations! 1:14 I hate your new moon festivals and assemblies; they are a burden that I am tired of carrying. 1:15 When you spread out your hands in prayer, I look the other way; when you offer your many prayers, I do not listen, because your hands are covered with blood. 1:16 Wash! Cleanse yourselves! Remove your sinful deeds from my sight. Stop sinning! 1:17 Learn to do what is right! Promote justice! Give the oppressed reason to celebrate! Take up the cause of the orphan! Defend the rights of the widow! 1:18 Come, let’s consider your options,” says the Lord. “Though your sins have stained you like the color red, you can become white like snow; though they are as easy to see as the color scarlet, you can become white like wool. 1:19 If you have a willing attitude and obey, then you will again eat the good crops of the land. 1:20 But if you refuse and rebel, you will be devoured by the sword.” Know for certain that the Lord has spoken.
Purifying Judgment
1:21 How tragic that the once-faithful city has become a prostitute! She was once a center of justice, fairness resided in her, but now only murderers. 1:22 Your silver has become scum, your beer is diluted with water. 1:23 Your officials are rebels, they associate with thieves. All of them love bribery, and look for payoffs. They do not take up the cause of the orphan, or defend the rights of the widow. 1:24 Therefore, the sovereign Lord who commands armies, the powerful ruler of Israel, says this: “Ah, I will seek vengeance against my adversaries, I will take revenge against my enemies. 1:25 I will attack you; I will purify your metal with flux. I will remove all your slag. 1:26 I will reestablish honest judges as in former times, wise advisers as in earlier days. Then you will be called, ‘The Just City, Faithful Town.’” 1:27 Zion will be freed by justice, and her returnees by righteousness. 1:28 All rebellious sinners will be shattered, those who abandon the Lord will perish. 1:29 Indeed, they will be ashamed of the sacred trees you find so desirable; you will be embarrassed because of the sacred orchards where you choose to worship. 1:30 For you will be like a tree whose leaves wither, like an orchard that is unwatered. 1:31 The powerful will be like a thread of yarn, their deeds like a spark; both will burn together, and no one will put out the fire.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Gomorrah an ancient city known for its sin whose ruins are said to be visible from the Masada,a town destroyed with Sodom by burning sulphur
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Sodom an ancient town somewhere in the region of the Dead Sea that God destroyed with burning sulphur,a town 25 km south of Gomorrah and Masada
 · Zion one of the hills on which Jerusalem was built; the temple area; the city of Jerusalem; God's people,a town and citidel; an ancient part of Jerusalem


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Isaiah, The Book of | Church | Israel | GOD, 2 | Wicked | SACRIFICE, IN THE OLD TESTAMENT, 2 | Ordinance | ISAIAH, 8-9 | Backsliders | God | Poetry | Sin | Reward | Hypocrisy | SEMITES, SEMITIC RELIGION | Dross | Formalism | Worship | GARDEN | OAK | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Isa 1:2 To rebel carries the idea of “covenant treachery.” Although an act of פֶּשַׁע (pesha’, ...

NET Notes: Isa 1:3 Although both verbs have no object, the parallelism suggests that Israel fails to recognize the Lord as the one who provides for their needs. In both ...

NET Notes: Isa 1:4 Heb “they are estranged backward.” The LXX omits this statement, which presents syntactical problems and seems to be outside the synonymou...

NET Notes: Isa 1:5 Heb “and all the heart is faint.” The “heart” here stands for bodily strength and energy, as suggested by the context and usag...

NET Notes: Isa 1:6 This verse describes wounds like those one would receive in battle. These wounds are comprehensive and without remedy.

NET Notes: Isa 1:7 Heb “and [there is] devastation like an overthrow by foreigners.” The comparative preposition כְּ (kÿ, “like,...

NET Notes: Isa 1:8 Heb “like a city besieged.” Unlike the preceding two comparisons, which are purely metaphorical, this third one identifies the reality of ...

NET Notes: Isa 1:9 The translation assumes that כִּמְעָט (kim’at, “quickly,” literally, “like a l...

NET Notes: Isa 1:10 Heb “to the instruction of our God.” In this context, which is highly accusatory and threatening, תּוֹר’...

NET Notes: Isa 1:11 In the chiastic structure of the verse, the verbs at the beginning and end highlight God’s displeasure, while the heaping up of references to an...

NET Notes: Isa 1:12 Heb “When you come to appear before me, who requires this from your hand, trampling of my courtyards?” The rhetorical question sarcastical...

NET Notes: Isa 1:13 Heb “sin and assembly” (these two nouns probably represent a hendiadys). The point is that their attempts at worship are unacceptable to G...

NET Notes: Isa 1:15 This does not just refer to the blood of sacrificial animals, but also the blood, as it were, of their innocent victims. By depriving the poor and des...

NET Notes: Isa 1:16 This phrase refers to Israel’s covenant treachery (cf. Deut 28:10; Jer 4:4; 21:12; 23:2, 22; 25:5; 26:3; 44:22; Hos 9:15; Ps 28:4). In general, ...

NET Notes: Isa 1:17 This word refers to a woman who has lost her husband, by death or divorce. The orphan and widow are often mentioned in the OT as epitomizing the helpl...

NET Notes: Isa 1:18 Heb “though your sins are like red, they will become white like snow; though they are red like scarlet, they will be like wool.” The point...

NET Notes: Isa 1:19 Heb “listen”; KJV “obedient”; NASB “If you consent and obey.”

NET Notes: Isa 1:20 Heb “for the mouth of the Lord has spoken.” The introductory כִּי (ki) may be asseverative (as reflected in the tr...

NET Notes: Isa 1:21 Or “assassins.” This refers to the oppressive rich and/or their henchmen. R. Ortlund (Whoredom, 78) posits that it serves as a synecdoche ...

NET Notes: Isa 1:22 The metaphors of silver becoming impure and beer being watered down picture the moral and ethical degeneration that had occurred in Jerusalem.

NET Notes: Isa 1:23 The rich oppressors referred to in Isaiah and the other eighth century prophets were not rich capitalists in the modern sense of the word. They were m...

NET Notes: Isa 1:24 The Lord here identifies with the oppressed and comes as their defender and vindicator.

NET Notes: Isa 1:25 The metaphor comes from metallurgy; slag is the substance left over after the metallic ore has been refined.

NET Notes: Isa 1:26 Heb “I will restore your judges as in the beginning; and your counselors as in the beginning.” In this context, where social injustice and...

NET Notes: Isa 1:27 The Hebrew text has, “her repentant ones/returnees with righteousness.” The form שָׁבֶיהָ ...

NET Notes: Isa 1:28 Heb “and [there will be] a shattering of rebels and sinners together.”

NET Notes: Isa 1:29 Or “gardens” (so KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV); NAB “groves.”

NET Notes: Isa 1:30 Or “a garden” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

NET Notes: Isa 1:31 Heb “will become” (so NASB, NIV).

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