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Text -- Isaiah 37:12-38 (NET)

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Context
37:12 Were the nations whom my predecessors destroyed– the nations of Gozan, Haran, Rezeph, and the people of Eden in Telassar– rescued by their gods? 37:13 Where are the king of Hamath, the king of Arpad, and the kings of Lair, Sepharvaim, Hena, and Ivvah?’” 37:14 Hezekiah took the letter from the messengers and read it. Then Hezekiah went up to the Lord’s temple and spread it out before the Lord. 37:15 Hezekiah prayed before the Lord: 37:16 “O Lord who commands armies, O God of Israel, who is enthroned on the cherubim! You alone are God over all the kingdoms of the earth. You made the sky and the earth. 37:17 Pay attention, Lord, and hear! Open your eyes, Lord, and observe! Listen to this entire message Sennacherib sent and how he taunts the living God! 37:18 It is true, Lord, that the kings of Assyria have destroyed all the nations and their lands. 37:19 They have burned the gods of the nations, for they are not really gods, but only the product of human hands manufactured from wood and stone. That is why the Assyrians could destroy them. 37:20 Now, O Lord our God, rescue us from his power, so all the kingdoms of the earth may know that you alone are the Lord.” 37:21 Isaiah son of Amoz sent this message to Hezekiah: “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘Because you prayed to me concerning King Sennacherib of Assyria, 37:22 this is what the Lord says about him: “The virgin daughter Zion despises you– she makes fun of you; daughter Jerusalem shakes her head after you. 37:23 Whom have you taunted and hurled insults at? At whom have you shouted and looked so arrogantly? At the Holy One of Israel! 37:24 Through your messengers you taunted the sovereign master, ‘With my many chariots I climbed up the high mountains, the slopes of Lebanon. I cut down its tall cedars and its best evergreens. I invaded its most remote regions, its thickest woods. 37:25 I dug wells and drank water. With the soles of my feet I dried up all the rivers of Egypt.’ 37:26 Certainly you must have heard! Long ago I worked it out, in ancient times I planned it, and now I am bringing it to pass. The plan is this: Fortified cities will crash into heaps of ruins. 37:27 Their residents are powerless; they are terrified and ashamed. They are as short-lived as plants in the field or green vegetation. They are as short-lived as grass on the rooftops when it is scorched by the east wind. 37:28 I know where you live and everything you do and how you rage against me. 37:29 Because you rage against me and the uproar you create has reached my ears, I will put my hook in your nose, and my bridle between your lips, and I will lead you back the way you came.” 37:30 “This will be your reminder that I have spoken the truth: This year you will eat what grows wild, and next year what grows on its own. But the year after that you will plant seed and harvest crops; you will plant vines and consume their produce. 37:31 Those who remain in Judah will take root in the ground and bear fruit. 37:32 “For a remnant will leave Jerusalem; survivors will come out of Mount Zion. The intense devotion of the Lord who commands armies will accomplish this. 37:33 So this is what the Lord says about the king of Assyria: ‘He will not enter this city, nor will he shoot an arrow here. He will not attack it with his shielded warriors, nor will he build siege works against it. 37:34 He will go back the way he came– he will not enter this city,’ says the Lord. 37:35 I will shield this city and rescue it for the sake of my reputation and because of my promise to David my servant.”’” 37:36 The Lord’s messenger went out and killed 185,000 troops in the Assyrian camp. When they got up early the next morning, there were all the corpses! 37:37 So King Sennacherib of Assyria broke camp and went on his way. He went home and stayed in Nineveh. 37:38 One day, as he was worshiping in the temple of his god Nisroch, his sons Adrammelech and Sharezer struck him down with the sword. They ran away to the land of Ararat; his son Esarhaddon replaced him as king.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Adrammelech a god of the Assyrians for whom they burned their children,son of Sennacherib the King of Assyria in the time of Hezekiah
 · Amoz father of the prophet Isaiah
 · Ararat a mountain, the surrounding land, & a kingdom in the area
 · Arpad a town of Syria 40 km north of Aleppo & 100 km east of the Great Sea
 · Assyria a member of the nation of Assyria
 · Assyrian a member of the nation of Assyria
 · David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel
 · Eden a place near where the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers meet (NIVsn),son of Joah (Gershon Levi) in King Hezekiah's time,a district along the Euphrates River south of Haran (NIVsn)
 · Egypt descendants of Mizraim
 · Esar-Haddon son and successor of Sennacherib the King of Assyria
 · Esar-haddon son and successor of Sennacherib the King of Assyria
 · Gozan a town on the Habor River 100 km ESE of Haran
 · hamath a town of Syria on the Orontes between Aleppo and Damascus (OS)
 · Hamath a town of unknown location
 · Haran a town of upper Mesopotamia,an English name representing two different Hebrew names,as representing the Hebrew name 'Haran',son of Terah; brother of Abraham,a Levitical chief of the descendants of Ladan under King David; son of Shimei,as representing the Hebrew name 'Xaran', beginning with a velar fricative,son of Caleb of Judah and Ephah his concubine
 · Hena a town on the Euphrates about 300 km NW of ancient Babylon (ZD)
 · Hezekiah the son of Ahaz who succeeded him as king of Judah; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Ahaz; king of Judah,forefather of the prophet Zephaniah,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to obey God's law
 · Isaiah a son of Amoz; a prophet active in Judah from about 740 to 701 B.C.,son of Amoz; a major prophet in the time of Hezekiah
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Ivvah a town in Syria
 · Jerusalem the capital city of Israel,a town; the capital of Israel near the southern border of Benjamin
 · Judah the son of Jacob and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,a tribe, the land/country,a son of Joseph; the father of Simeon; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Jacob/Israel and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,the tribe of Judah,citizens of the southern kingdom of Judah,citizens of the Persian Province of Judah; the Jews who had returned from Babylonian exile,"house of Judah", a phrase which highlights the political leadership of the tribe of Judah,"king of Judah", a phrase which relates to the southern kingdom of Judah,"kings of Judah", a phrase relating to the southern kingdom of Judah,"princes of Judah", a phrase relating to the kingdom of Judah,the territory allocated to the tribe of Judah, and also the extended territory of the southern kingdom of Judah,the Province of Judah under Persian rule,"hill country of Judah", the relatively cool and green central highlands of the territory of Judah,"the cities of Judah",the language of the Jews; Hebrew,head of a family of Levites who returned from Exile,a Levite who put away his heathen wife,a man who was second in command of Jerusalem; son of Hassenuah of Benjamin,a Levite in charge of the songs of thanksgiving in Nehemiah's time,a leader who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,a Levite musician who helped Zechariah of Asaph dedicate Nehemiah's wall
 · Lebanon a mountain range and the adjoining regions (IBD)
 · Nineveh a town located on the left bank of the Tigris River in northeastern Mesopotamia (Iraq).,the capital city of Assyria
 · Nisroch a pagan god
 · Rezeph a nation (town-state)
 · Sennacherib king of Assyria; enemy of King Hezekiah of Judah
 · Sepharvaim a town in a region 200 to 400 miles north of Damascus
 · Sharezer son of Sennacherib the King of Assyria in the time of Hezekiah,a man sent by the returned exiles to get a word from the Lord
 · Telassar a town in the middle of the Euphrates
 · Zion one of the hills on which Jerusalem was built; the temple area; the city of Jerusalem; God's people,a town and citidel; an ancient part of Jerusalem


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Assyria | Hezekiah | TOPHETH | Libnah | Blasphemy | ISAIAH, 1-7 | HEZEKIAH (2) | ISAIAH, 8-9 | Prayer | Nisroch | Sepharvaim | God | Rezeph | Adrammelech | Siege | Nineveh | Seacherib | HOOK | Telassar | Ararat | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Isa 37:12 Heb “Did the gods of the nations whom my fathers destroyed rescue them – Gozan and Haran, and Rezeph and the sons of Eden who are in Telas...

NET Notes: Isa 37:13 Lair was a city located in northeastern Babylon. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 235.

NET Notes: Isa 37:14 In the parallel text in 2 Kgs 19:14 the verb has the plural suffix, “them,” but this probably reflects a later harmonization to the preced...

NET Notes: Isa 37:16 Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavensR...

NET Notes: Isa 37:17 Heb “Hear all the words of Sennacherib which he sent to taunt the living God.”

NET Notes: Isa 37:18 The Hebrew text here has “all the lands,” but the parallel text in 2 Kgs 19:17 has “the nations.”

NET Notes: Isa 37:19 Heb “so they destroyed them” (NASB similar).

NET Notes: Isa 37:20 The parallel text in 2 Kgs 19:19 reads, “that you, Lord, are the only God.”

NET Notes: Isa 37:21 The parallel text in 2 Kgs 19:20 reads, “That which you prayed to me concerning Sennacherib king of Assyria I have heard.” The verb “...

NET Notes: Isa 37:22 Shaking the head was a mocking gesture of derision.

NET Notes: Isa 37:23 See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.

NET Notes: Isa 37:24 Heb “the height of its extremity”; ASV “its farthest height.”

NET Notes: Isa 37:25 The Hebrew text has simply, “I dug and drank water.” But the parallel text in 2 Kgs 19:24 has “foreign waters.” זָ...

NET Notes: Isa 37:26 Heb “and it is to cause to crash into heaps of ruins fortified cities.” The subject of the third feminine singular verb תְ...

NET Notes: Isa 37:27 The Hebrew text has “scorched before the standing grain” (perhaps meaning “before it reaches maturity”), but it is preferable ...

NET Notes: Isa 37:28 Heb “your going out and your coming in and how you have raged against me.” Several scholars have suggested that this line is probably ditt...

NET Notes: Isa 37:29 The word-picture has a parallel in Assyrian sculpture. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 238.

NET Notes: Isa 37:30 The four plural imperatival verb forms in v. 30b are used rhetorically. The Lord commands the people to plant, harvest, etc. to emphasize the certaint...

NET Notes: Isa 37:31 Heb “The remnant of the house of Judah that is left will add roots below and produce fruit above.”

NET Notes: Isa 37:32 Heb “the zeal of the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts].” In this context the Lord’s “zeal” ref...

NET Notes: Isa 37:33 Heb “[with] a shield” (so ASV, NASB, NRSV).

NET Notes: Isa 37:35 Heb “for my sake and for the sake of David my servant.”

NET Notes: Isa 37:36 Heb “look, all of them were dead bodies”; NLT “they found corpses everywhere.”

NET Notes: Isa 37:37 Heb “and Sennacherib king of Assyria departed and went and returned and lived in Nineveh.”

NET Notes: Isa 37:38 Extra-biblical sources also mention the assassination of Sennacherib, though they refer to only one assassin. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB...

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