
Text -- Leviticus 4:20-35 (NET)




Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics



collapse allCommentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)
That is, for the priest's sin-offering, called the first bullock, Lev 4:21.

So called by way of eminency, to wit, the daily burnt-offering.

Wesley: Lev 4:24 - -- And therefore to be killed where the burnt-offering is killed; whereby it is distinguished from the peace-offering, which were killed elsewhere.
And therefore to be killed where the burnt-offering is killed; whereby it is distinguished from the peace-offering, which were killed elsewhere.

Wesley: Lev 4:26 - -- Both judicially, as to all ecclesiastical censures or civil punishment; and really, upon condition of repentance and faith in the Messiah to come.
Both judicially, as to all ecclesiastical censures or civil punishment; and really, upon condition of repentance and faith in the Messiah to come.

Wesley: Lev 4:28 - -- Which here was sufficient, because the sin of one of those was less than the sin of the ruler, for whom a male was required.
Which here was sufficient, because the sin of one of those was less than the sin of the ruler, for whom a male was required.

Not by himself, but by the hands of the priest.

Wesley: Lev 4:35 - -- The fat; but he useth the plural number, because the fat was of several kinds, as we saw Lev 4:8-9, Heb. upon the offerings, together with them, or af...
The fat; but he useth the plural number, because the fat was of several kinds, as we saw Lev 4:8-9, Heb. upon the offerings, together with them, or after them; because the burnt-offerings were to have the first place.
JFB: Lev 4:13-21 - -- In consequence of some culpable neglect or misapprehension of the law, the people might contract national guilt, and then national expiation was neces...
In consequence of some culpable neglect or misapprehension of the law, the people might contract national guilt, and then national expiation was necessary. The same sacrifice was to be offered as in the former case, but with this difference in the ceremonial, that the elders or heads of the tribes, as representing the people and being the principal aggressors in misleading the congregation, laid their hands on the head of the victim. The priest then took the blood into the holy place, where, after dipping his finger in it seven times, he sprinkled the drops seven times before the veil. This done, he returned to the court of the priests, and ascending the altar, put some portion upon its horns; then he poured it out at the foot of the altar. The fat was the only part of the animal which was offered on the altar; for the carcass, with its appurtenances and offals, was carried without the camp, into the place where the ashes were deposited, and there consumed with fire.

JFB: Lev 4:22-26 - -- Whatever was the form of government, the king, judge, or subordinate, was the party concerned in this law. The trespass of such a civil functionary be...
Whatever was the form of government, the king, judge, or subordinate, was the party concerned in this law. The trespass of such a civil functionary being less serious in its character and consequences than that either of the high priest or the congregation, a sin offering of inferior value was required--"a kid of the goats"; and neither was the blood carried into the sanctuary, but applied only to the altar of burnt offering; nor was the carcass taken without the camp; it was eaten by the priests-in-waiting.

JFB: Lev 4:27-34 - -- In this case the expiatory offering appointed was a female kid, or a ewe-lamb without blemish; and the ceremonies were exactly the same as those obser...
In this case the expiatory offering appointed was a female kid, or a ewe-lamb without blemish; and the ceremonies were exactly the same as those observed in the case of the offending ruler [Lev 4:22-26]. In these two latter instances, the blood of the sin offering was applied to the altar of burnt offering--the place where bloody sacrifices were appointed to be immolated. But the transgression of a high priest, or of the whole congregation, entailing a general taint on the ritual of the tabernacle, and vitiating its services, required a further expiation; and therefore, in these cases, the blood of the sin offering was applied to the altar of incense [Lev 4:6, Lev 4:17].

JFB: Lev 4:35 - -- None of these sacrifices possessed any intrinsic value sufficient to free the conscience of the sinner from the pollution of guilt, or to obtain his p...
None of these sacrifices possessed any intrinsic value sufficient to free the conscience of the sinner from the pollution of guilt, or to obtain his pardon from God; but they gave a formal deliverance from a secular penalty (Heb 9:13-14); and they were figurative representations of the full and perfect sin offering which was to be made by Christ.
Clarke: Lev 4:22 - -- When a ruler hath sinned - Under the term נשיא nasi , it is probable that any person is meant who held any kind of political dignity among the ...
When a ruler hath sinned - Under the term
A kid of the goats was the sacrifice in this case, the rites nearly the same as in the preceding cases, only the fat was burnt as that of the peace-offering. See Lev 4:26 and Lev 3:5.

Clarke: Lev 4:27 - -- The common people - עם הארץ am haarets , the people of the land, that is, any individual who was not a priest, king, or ruler among the peopl...
The common people -
The law relative to the general cases of sins committed through ignorance, and the sacrifices to be offered on such occasions, so amply detailed in this chapter, may be thus recapitulated. For all sins and transgressions of this kind committed by the people, the prince, and the priest, they must offer expiatory offerings. The person so sinning must bring the sacrifice to the door of the tabernacle, and lay his hands upon its head, as in a case already referred to, acknowledging the sacrifice to be his, that he needed it for his transgression; and thus he was considered as confessing his sin, and the sin was considered as transferred to the animal, whose blood was then spilt to make an atonement. See Clarke on Lev 1:4 (note). Such institutions as these could not be considered as terminating in themselves, they necessarily had reference to something of infinitely higher moment; in a word, they typified Him whose soul was made an offering for sin, Isa 53:10. And taken out of this reference they seem both absurd and irrational. It is obviously in reference to these innocent creatures being brought as sin-offerings to God for the guilty that St. Paul alludes 2Co 5:21, where he says, He (God) made him to be sin (
Calvin -> Lev 4:22
Calvin: Lev 4:22 - -- 22.When a ruler hath sinned A peculiar atonement is also appointed for the transgression of the rulers; and, although he speaks of the ruler in the s...
22.When a ruler hath sinned A peculiar atonement is also appointed for the transgression of the rulers; and, although he speaks of the ruler in the singular number, yet inasmuch as the law was not yet enacted that one individual should bear rule, he undoubtedly designates the heads and governors generally, because they who bear rule do more injury by their bad example than private persons. If, then, any of the judges or governors had sinned through error, he might indeed be set free by a lesser victim than the priest or the whole people, yet there was individually this difference between them, that they were to offer she-goats or lambs, and the ruler a he-goat; and the object of this was that those in authority should more carefully keep themselves pure from every transgression, whereas otherwise they are wont to indulge themselves more freely, as if their rank and dignity allowed them greater license. Where we have given as our translation, “If (the sin) shall have become known,” ( si innotuerit ,) translators are not agreed. 262 The word used is properly a disjunctive particle Or; 263 but it is sometimes used for the conditional particle, as we shall see in the next chapter. Those who retain the primary and genuine meaning of the word do violence to the signification of the last word of the foregoing verse, and translate it, “shall have offended” instead of “shall have felt that he has offended;” but since it appears from many passages that
Defender -> Lev 4:34
Defender: Lev 4:34 - -- The various sin offerings were offered for sins committed unintentionally, once those sins were made known (Lev 4:2, Lev 4:27, Lev 4:28). The shed blo...
The various sin offerings were offered for sins committed unintentionally, once those sins were made known (Lev 4:2, Lev 4:27, Lev 4:28). The shed blood was first sprinkled around the altar, then the bulk of the animal burned "without the camp" (Lev 4:21). The latter act was later said to typify the offering of Christ outside the camp (Heb 13:10-13)."
TSK: Lev 4:20 - -- with the : Lev 4:3
an atonement : Lev 4:26, Lev 1:4, Lev 5:6, Lev 6:7, Lev 12:8, Lev 14:18; Exo 32:30; Num 15:25; Dan 9:24; Rom 5:11; Gal 3:13; Heb 1:...

TSK: Lev 4:21 - -- as he : Lev 4:11, Lev 4:12
a sin offering : Lev 16:15, Lev 16:21; 2Ch 29:21-24; Ezr 8:35; Mat 20:28; 2Co 5:21; 1Ti 2:5, 1Ti 2:6

TSK: Lev 4:22 - -- a ruler hath sinned : Under the term nasi , that is, one preferred or elevated above others, from nasa , to exalt, it is probable that any person ...
a ruler hath sinned : Under the term

TSK: Lev 4:23 - -- if his sin : Lev 4:14, Lev 5:4; 2Ki 22:10-13
a kid : Lev 9:3, Lev 23:19; Num 7:16, Num 7:22, Num 7:28, Num 7:34, Num 15:24, Num 28:15, Num 28:30, Num ...

TSK: Lev 4:24 - -- And he : Lev. 4:4-35; Isa 53:6
in the place : Lev 1:5, Lev 1:11, Lev 3:2, Lev 3:8, Lev 3:13, Lev 4:4, Lev 4:15, Lev 4:29, Lev 4:33, Lev 6:25, Lev 7:2,...

TSK: Lev 4:25 - -- put : Lev 4:7, Lev 4:18, Lev 4:30, Lev 4:34, Lev 8:10, Lev 8:15, Lev 9:9, Lev 16:18; Isa 40:21; Rom 3:24-26, Rom 8:3, Rom 8:4, Rom 10:4; Heb 2:10, Heb...

TSK: Lev 4:26 - -- the fat : Lev 4:8-10, Lev 4:35, See note on Lev 3:5. Lev 6:20-30
an atonement : Lev 4:20; Num 15:28
the fat : Lev 4:8-10, Lev 4:35, See note on Lev 3:5. Lev 6:20-30

TSK: Lev 4:27 - -- any one : Heb. any soul, Lev 4:2; Num 15:27
common people : Heb. people of the land , Amos haaretz ; that is, any individual who was not a priest, ...
any one : Heb. any soul, Lev 4:2; Num 15:27
common people : Heb. people of the land ,

TSK: Lev 4:28 - -- a kid : Lev 4:23, Lev 4:32, Lev 5:6; Gen 3:15; Isa 7:14; Jer 31:22; Rom 8:3; Gal 4:4, Gal 4:5
a female : Lev 4:23; Gal 3:28


TSK: Lev 4:30 - -- upon the horns : Lev 4:25, Lev 4:34; Isa 42:21; Rom 8:3, Rom 8:4, Rom 10:4; Heb 2:10
pour out : There may have been some place at the bottom of the al...

TSK: Lev 4:31 - -- all the fat : Lev 4:8-10, Lev 4:19, Lev 4:26, Lev 4:35, Lev 3:3-5, Lev 3:9-11, Lev 3:14-16
a sweet : Lev 1:9, Lev 1:13, Lev 1:17, Lev 3:3, Lev 3:5, Le...
all the fat : Lev 4:8-10, Lev 4:19, Lev 4:26, Lev 4:35, Lev 3:3-5, Lev 3:9-11, Lev 3:14-16
a sweet : Lev 1:9, Lev 1:13, Lev 1:17, Lev 3:3, Lev 3:5, Lev 8:21; Exo 29:18; Ezr 6:10; Job 42:8; Psa 40:6, Psa 40:7; Psa 51:16, Psa 51:17, Psa 69:30, Psa 69:31; Isa 42:21, Isa 53:10; Mat 3:17; Eph 5:2; Heb 1:3; Heb 9:12, Heb 9:14, Heb 9:15, Heb 10:12, Heb 10:14; 1Pe 2:4, 1Pe 2:5; 1Jo 1:7, 1Jo 4:9, 1Jo 4:10; Rev 5:9

TSK: Lev 4:32 - -- a lamb : Lev 4:28, Lev 3:6, Lev 3:7, Lev 5:6; Exo 12:3, Exo 12:5; Isa 53:7; Luk 1:35; Joh 1:29, Joh 1:36; Heb 7:26; 1Pe 1:18-20, 1Pe 2:22, 1Pe 2:24, 1...

TSK: Lev 4:34 - -- the horns of the altar : Lev 4:25, Lev 4:30; Isa 42:21; Joh 17:19; Rom 8:1, Rom 8:3, Rom 10:4; 2Co 5:21; Heb 2:10; Heb 10:29; 1Pe 1:18-20, 1Pe 2:24, 1...

TSK: Lev 4:35 - -- And he : Lev 4:31
according : Lev. 1:1-6:19
and the priest shall make : Lev 4:20, Lev 4:26, Lev 4:30, Lev 4:31, Lev 1:4, Lev 5:6, Lev 5:10, Lev 5:13, ...
And he : Lev 4:31
according : Lev. 1:1-6:19
and the priest shall make : Lev 4:20, Lev 4:26, Lev 4:30, Lev 4:31, Lev 1:4, Lev 5:6, Lev 5:10, Lev 5:13, Lev 6:7, Lev 9:7, Lev 12:8, Lev 14:18, Lev 14:53, 16:1-34; Num 15:25; Rom 3:24-26, Rom 4:25, Rom 5:6-11, Rom 5:15-21, Rom 8:1, Rom 8:3, Rom 8:4, Rom 10:4; 2Co 5:21; Eph 1:6, Eph 1:7, Eph 5:2; Col 1:14; Heb 1:3, Heb 4:14, Heb 7:26, Heb 9:14; 1Pe 1:18, 1Pe 1:19; 1Pe 2:22, 1Pe 2:24, 1Pe 3:18; 1Jo 1:7, 1Jo 2:2, 1Jo 4:9, 1Jo 4:10; Rev 1:5, Rev 1:6

collapse allCommentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)
Barnes: Lev 4:22 - -- Ruler - Either the head of a tribe Num 1:4-16, or the head of a division of a tribe (Num 34:18; compare Jos 22:30).
Ruler - Either the head of a tribe Num 1:4-16, or the head of a division of a tribe (Num 34:18; compare Jos 22:30).

Barnes: Lev 4:23 - -- Or if his sin - Rather, And if his sin. Come to his knowledge - i. e. when he had become conscious of his sin. A kid of the goats - ...
Or if his sin - Rather, And if his sin.
Come to his knowledge - i. e. when he had become conscious of his sin.
A kid of the goats - A shaggy he-goat, in distinction from a smooth-haired he-goat. It was the regular sin-offering at the yearly festivals Lev 16:9, Lev 16:15; Num 28:15, Num 28:22, Num 28:30, and at the consecration of the priests Lev 9:3; while the smooth-haired goat appears to have been generally offered for the other sacrifices Psa 50:9; Isa 1:11.

Barnes: Lev 4:27 - -- The common people - literally, as in the margin, "the people of the land."Compare Lev 20:2, Lev 20:4; 2Ki 11:18. It was the ordinary designatio...

A kid of the goats - A shaggy she-goat.

Barnes: Lev 4:32 - -- A lamb - A sheep. See Lev 3:7 note. Three points are to be observed in regard to the victims for sin-offerings. (a) The common people had to o...
A lamb - A sheep. See Lev 3:7 note. Three points are to be observed in regard to the victims for sin-offerings.
(a) The common people had to offer a female, as the less valuable animaI; they might present either a sheep or a goat to suit their convenience:
(b) the rulers had always to offer a male-goat:
© the goat was preferred to the sheep, unlike the victim for a peace-offering or burnt-offering.
The sin-offerings were not accompanied by meat-offerings or drink-offerings. See Num 15:3-11.
Poole: Lev 4:20 - -- For a sin-offering to wit, for the priest’ s sin-offering, called the first bullock. Lev 4:21 .
For a sin-offering to wit, for the priest’ s sin-offering, called the first bullock. Lev 4:21 .

Poole: Lev 4:22 - -- A ruler to wit, of the people, or a civil magistrate.
Through ignorance either not knowing it to be sin, or not observing and considering it till i...
A ruler to wit, of the people, or a civil magistrate.
Through ignorance either not knowing it to be sin, or not observing and considering it till it be done. See before on Lev 4:22 .

Poole: Lev 4:23 - -- The disjunctive or is here put for the copulative and , as it is 1Co 12:13 13:8 15:11 ; for it is evident that he speaks of the same person, and ...
The disjunctive or is here put for the copulative and , as it is 1Co 12:13 13:8 15:11 ; for it is evident that he speaks of the same person, and of the same sin.

Poole: Lev 4:24 - -- The burnt-offering is so called by way of eminency, to wit, the daily burnt-offering, of which Exo 29:38 , of which place see Lev 1:11 . It is a sin-...
The burnt-offering is so called by way of eminency, to wit, the daily burnt-offering, of which Exo 29:38 , of which place see Lev 1:11 . It is a sin-offering, and therefore to be killed where the burnt-offering is killed, as is expressed Lev 6:25 Lev 7:2 ; whereby it is distinguished from the peace-offerings, which were killed elsewhere, Lev 3:2 .

Poole: Lev 4:26 - -- Both ceremonially and judicially, as to all ecclesiastical censures or civil punishments; and really, upon condition of their repentance and faith i...
Both ceremonially and judicially, as to all ecclesiastical censures or civil punishments; and really, upon condition of their repentance and faith in the Messias to come.

Poole: Lev 4:27 - -- The common people whether Israelites, or strangers embodied with them and proselytes; for both were under one and the same law, Exo 12:49 Num 15:16 ....

Poole: Lev 4:28 - -- A female was here sufficient, because the sin of one of those was less than the sin of the ruler, for whom a male was required, Lev 4:21 .
A female was here sufficient, because the sin of one of those was less than the sin of the ruler, for whom a male was required, Lev 4:21 .

Poole: Lev 4:33 - -- He to wit, the offerer . And slay, not by himself, but by the hands of the priest.
He to wit, the offerer . And slay, not by himself, but by the hands of the priest.

Poole: Lev 4:35 - -- Shall burn them i.e. the fat; but he useth the plural number, because the fat was of several kinds, as we saw Lev 4:8,9 .
According to the offerings...
Shall burn them i.e. the fat; but he useth the plural number, because the fat was of several kinds, as we saw Lev 4:8,9 .
According to the offerings made by fire Heb. upon the offerings, together with them, or after them; because the burnt-offerings were to have the first place. See Poole "Lev 3:5" .
Haydock: Lev 4:22 - -- A prince. King, magistrate, general, chief of a tribe, or great family; in a word, one elevated above the rest ( Nasi ); as appears, Numbers i. 4....
A prince. King, magistrate, general, chief of a tribe, or great family; in a word, one elevated above the rest ( Nasi ); as appears, Numbers i. 4. and vii. 2.

Haydock: Lev 4:24 - -- He. Samaritan and Septuagint read, "they shall have," referring it to the priests.
He. Samaritan and Septuagint read, "they shall have," referring it to the priests.

Haydock: Lev 4:26 - -- Him. Moses does not here specify what was to be done with the flesh. But (chap. vi. 26,) he commands it to be given to the priests. (Calmet) ---
I...
Him. Moses does not here specify what was to be done with the flesh. But (chap. vi. 26,) he commands it to be given to the priests. (Calmet) ---
In the sacrifices for the sins of the multitude, or of the priest, all was consumed; to express a greater detestation of such offences, (Tirinus) and that the priests might derive no benefit from them. (Theodoret, q. 3.; St. Thomas Aquinas, [Summa Theologiae] i. 2, q. 102, a. 3.) (Worthington) ---
Those who offered these victims received no part of them again, nor were oil or incense used; as all delicacies must be rejected by penitents. (Tirinus)

Haydock: Lev 4:27 - -- The land. A rustic or plebeian. (Menochius) ---
The offences of such might be expiated by the sacrifice of a goat, ewe, lamb, ram, two pigeons, or...
The land. A rustic or plebeian. (Menochius) ---
The offences of such might be expiated by the sacrifice of a goat, ewe, lamb, ram, two pigeons, or flour, chap. v. 7. and xi. 15. (Calmet)

Haydock: Lev 4:29 - -- Of, &c. One Hebrew manuscript, the Septuagint, and Syriac read, "in the place in which he shall slay the holocaust." The Samaritan has they slay, ...
Of, &c. One Hebrew manuscript, the Septuagint, and Syriac read, "in the place in which he shall slay the holocaust." The Samaritan has they slay, both here and ver. 24. and 33, which seems the truer reading. (Kennicott)

Haydock: Lev 4:35 - -- For a. Hebrew may be "according to, like (Haydock) upon, besides, after the holocausts." (Calmet) See chap. iii. 5.
For a. Hebrew may be "according to, like (Haydock) upon, besides, after the holocausts." (Calmet) See chap. iii. 5.
Gill -> Lev 4:16-21; Lev 4:22; Lev 4:23; Lev 4:24; Lev 4:25; Lev 4:26; Lev 4:27; Lev 4:28; Lev 4:29; Lev 4:30-31; Lev 4:32; Lev 4:33; Lev 4:34-35
Gill: Lev 4:16-21 - -- And the priest that is anointed shall bring of the bullock's blood,.... That is, the chief priest, as the Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan explain it:
...
And the priest that is anointed shall bring of the bullock's blood,.... That is, the chief priest, as the Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan explain it:
to the tabernacle of the congregation; as he brought the blood of his own bullock, Lev 4:5 from hence to the Lev 4:16 an account is given of the same rites to be observed in the sin offering, for the congregation, as for the anointed priest; See Gill on Lev 4:6, Lev 4:7, Lev 4:12.

Gill: Lev 4:22 - -- When a ruler hath sinned,.... Or "prince", the "nasi", one that is lifted up above others in honour, power, and authority, or that bears the weight of...
When a ruler hath sinned,.... Or "prince", the "nasi", one that is lifted up above others in honour, power, and authority, or that bears the weight of government: the word comes from one which signifies to lift up, or to bear; it may be understood of a governor of a family, or of a tribe, as Aben Ezra observes; and so in the Talmud k it is said, it means the prince of a tribe, such as Nachson the son of Amminadab, prince of the tribe of Judah. Maimonides l says a king is designed, over whom none has power; and so Gersom on the place, who observes, that David the king is called a prince, Eze 34:24.
and done somewhat through ignorance against any of the commandments of the Lord his God; the phrase, "his God", is here added, and is not used neither of the anointed priest, nor of the congregation, nor of one of the common people; only of the prince, to show, that though he is above others, God is above him, and he is accountable to him; he is his God, of whom he is, and by whom he rules; wherefore if he breaks any of his commandments, though ignorantly, he must bring a sacrifice for it:
concerning things which should not be done, and is guilty; of transgressing negative precepts, which are as binding on him as others.

Gill: Lev 4:23 - -- Or if his sin wherein he hath sinned come to his knowledge,.... Or rather, "and if his sin", &c. m either by means of others informing him of it, or o...
Or if his sin wherein he hath sinned come to his knowledge,.... Or rather, "and if his sin", &c. m either by means of others informing him of it, or of himself calling to mind what he has done, and considering it to be a transgression of the law:
he shall bring his offering, a kid of the goats, a male without blemish; his offering was to be a "kid of the goats", a fat and a large one; because, as Baal Hatturim observes, he ate fat things every day; and to distinguish it from the offering of one of the common people; and "without blemish"; as all sacrifices were, that they might be typical of the offering of Christ without spot.

Gill: Lev 4:24 - -- And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the goat,.... His right hand, as the Targum of Jonathan; See Gill on Lev 1:4.
and kill it; not the princ...
And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the goat,.... His right hand, as the Targum of Jonathan; See Gill on Lev 1:4.
and kill it; not the prince, but the priest after mentioned, or the butcher, as the same Targum:
in the place where they hill the burnt offering before the Lord; in the court on the north side of the altar, see Lev 1:11,
it is a sin offering: an offering for his sin of ignorance, or "sin"; so Christ our offering is said to be, 2Co 5:21.

Gill: Lev 4:25 - -- And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering with his finger,.... With the finger of his right hand, as the Talmudists n observe, and Ge...
And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering with his finger,.... With the finger of his right hand, as the Talmudists n observe, and Gersom on the place; the priest first received the blood into a basin or ministering vessel, and then dipped the finger of his right hand into it, that next the thumb:
and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering; the four horns of it; in this there was a difference between the sacrifice of the anointed priest and of the congregation, and this of the ruler; the blood of the former was put upon the horns of the altar of incense, this upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering:
and shall pour out his blood at the bottom of the altar of burnt offering; the South bottom of it; the order of the priest's proceeding in putting the blood was different from that used in putting it on the horns of the altar of incense; here he first put the blood upon the southeast horn, then upon the northeast, next upon the northwest, and then upon the southwest; and upon the bottom of that horn where he finished, he poured the remainder of the blood, which was the southern bottom o.

Gill: Lev 4:26 - -- And he shall burn all his fat upon the altar, Of burnt offering, that is, the priest shall do it:
as the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings; ...
And he shall burn all his fat upon the altar, Of burnt offering, that is, the priest shall do it:
as the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings; see Lev 3:3.
and the priest shall make an atonement for him as concerning his sin; in a typical way, directing to the great sacrifice of Christ, which is the only real atonement and propitiation for sin: the Vulgate Latin, Syriac, and Arabic versions, render, "the priest shall pray for him": for the pardon of his sin:
and it shall be forgiven him; not for the prayers of the priest, nor for the sacrifice offered up, but for the sake of Christ, the antitype of such sacrifices, and when faith was exercised on him; or the meaning is, he shall not be punished for it.

Gill: Lev 4:27 - -- And if anyone of the common people sin through ignorance,.... Or, "if one soul of the people of the earth": that is, a single person, and so is distin...
And if anyone of the common people sin through ignorance,.... Or, "if one soul of the people of the earth": that is, a single person, and so is distinguished from the congregation, one of the common sort of people; however is neither an high priest, nor a prince, or king, but either a common priest, or Levite, or Israelite; no man is free from sin; all sorts of persons, of all ranks and degrees, high and low, rich and poor, men in office, civil or ecclesiastical, or in whatsoever state of life, are liable to sin, and do sin continually, either ignorantly or willingly; and Christ is a sacrifice for all sins and for all sorts of sinners:
whilst he doeth somewhat; &c. See Gill on Lev 4:2, Lev 4:13, Lev 4:22.

Gill: Lev 4:28 - -- Or if his sin which he hath sinned come to his knowledge,.... So that he is convinced that he has sinned:
then he shall bring his offering; to the ...
Or if his sin which he hath sinned come to his knowledge,.... So that he is convinced that he has sinned:
then he shall bring his offering; to the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, to the priest there:
a kid of the goats: a young goat:
a female without blemish; and so inferior to the offering of the ruler or prince; for the characters of men are aggravations of their sins, and sacrifices were to be in some measure answerable to them, and suitable to their circumstances:
for the sin which he hath sinned; to atone for it in a typical way.

Gill: Lev 4:29 - -- And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering,.... His right hand, as the Targum of Jonathan; not the priest that shall offer it, but th...
And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering,.... His right hand, as the Targum of Jonathan; not the priest that shall offer it, but the man that has sinned, that brings it, thereby confessing his sin, and transferring it to the sacrifice:
and slay the sin offering in the place of the burnt offering; that is, on the north side of the altar.

Gill: Lev 4:30-31 - -- And the priest shall take of the blood,.... So that all the preceding actions, the bringing the offering, the putting the hand upon the head of it, an...

Gill: Lev 4:32 - -- And if he bring a lamb for a sin offering,.... As he might if he would; the Jews observe, that in all places a lamb is put before a goat, as being mor...
And if he bring a lamb for a sin offering,.... As he might if he would; the Jews observe, that in all places a lamb is put before a goat, as being more excellent in its kind; but here it is mentioned after, which shows, they say, that they are equally alike p:
he shall bring it a female without blemish; typical of Christ the Lamb of God, without spot and without blemish, 1Pe 1:19.

Gill: Lev 4:33 - -- He shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering,.... On the head of the lamb, as on the head of the goat, even his right hand, as the above Ta...
He shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering,.... On the head of the lamb, as on the head of the goat, even his right hand, as the above Targum, as before:
and slay it for a sin offering, in the place where they kill the burnt offering: for if it was not slain for a sin offering, but for something else, or on any other account, as for a burnt offering, it was not right q.


expand allCommentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes -> Lev 4:20; Lev 4:20; Lev 4:20; Lev 4:21; Lev 4:21; Lev 4:22; Lev 4:22; Lev 4:22; Lev 4:23; Lev 4:23; Lev 4:23; Lev 4:24; Lev 4:26; Lev 4:26; Lev 4:26; Lev 4:26; Lev 4:27; Lev 4:27; Lev 4:27; Lev 4:28; Lev 4:28; Lev 4:28; Lev 4:28; Lev 4:29; Lev 4:31; Lev 4:31; Lev 4:35; Lev 4:35; Lev 4:35


NET Notes: Lev 4:22 Heb “and does one from all the commandments of the Lord his God which must not be done”; cf. NRSV “ought not to be done”; NIV ...

NET Notes: Lev 4:23 Heb “a he-goat of goats, a male without defect”; cf. NLT “with no physical defects.”

NET Notes: Lev 4:24 The LXX has a plural form here and also for the same verb later in the verse. See the note on Lev 1:5a.

NET Notes: Lev 4:26 Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).

NET Notes: Lev 4:27 Heb “by doing it, one from the commandments of the Lord which must not be done.”



NET Notes: Lev 4:31 Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).

NET Notes: Lev 4:35 Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).
Geneva Bible: Lev 4:24 And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the goat, and kill it ( h ) in the place where they kill the burnt offering before the LORD: it [is] a sin ...

Geneva Bible: Lev 4:26 And he shall burn all his fat upon the altar, as the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings: and the priest shall make ( i ) an atonement for him as ...

Geneva Bible: Lev 4:29 ( k ) And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering, and slay the sin offering in the place of the burnt offering.
( k ) Read (Lev 4:24...

Geneva Bible: Lev 4:33 And he shall lay his ( l ) hand upon the head of the sin offering, and slay it for a sin offering in the place where they kill the burnt offering.
( ...

Geneva Bible: Lev 4:35 And he shall take away all the fat thereof, as the fat of the lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of the peace offerings; and the priest shall burn ...

expand allCommentary -- Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis -> Lev 4:1-35
TSK Synopsis: Lev 4:1-35 - --1 The sin offering of ignorance;3 for the priest;13 for the congregation;22 for the ruler;27 for any of the people;
MHCC: Lev 4:13-21 - --If the leaders of the people, through mistake, caused them to err, an offering must be brought, that wrath might not come upon the whole congregation....

MHCC: Lev 4:22-26 - --Those who have power to call others to account, are themselves accountable to the Ruler of rulers. The sin of the ruler, committed through ignorance, ...

MHCC: Lev 4:27-35 - --Here is the law of the sin-offering for a common person. To be able to plead, when charged with sin, that we did it ignorantly, and through the surpri...
Matthew Henry: Lev 4:13-21 - -- This is the law for expiating the guilt of a national sin, by a sin offering. If the leaders of the people, through mistake concerning the law, caus...

Matthew Henry: Lev 4:22-26 - -- Observe here, 1. That God takes notice of and is displeased with the sins of rulers. Those who have power to call others to account are themselves a...

Matthew Henry: Lev 4:27-35 - -- I. Here is the law of the sin-offering for a common person, which differs from that for a ruler only in this, that a private person might bring eith...
Keil-Delitzsch: Lev 4:20-21 - --
" And let the priest make an atonement for them, that it may be forgiven them, "or, "so will they be forgiven."This formula recurs with all the sin-...

Keil-Delitzsch: Lev 4:22-26 - --
The sin of a ruler. - Lev 4:22. אשׁר : ὅτε , when . נשׂיא is the head of a tribe, or of a division of a tribe (Num 3:24, Num 3:30...

Keil-Delitzsch: Lev 4:27-35 - --
In the case of the sin of a common Israelite ("of the people of the land,"i.e., of the rural population, Gen 23:7), that is to say, of an Israelite...
Constable: Lev 1:1--16:34 - --I. The public worship of the Israelites chs. 1--16
Leviticus continues revelation concerning the second of three...

Constable: Lev 1:1--7:38 - --A. The laws of sacrifice chs. 1-7
God designed the offerings to teach the Israelites as well as to enabl...
