Neh 9:38--10:39 - Commentary

Commentary

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Text -- Nehemiah 9:38--10:39 (NET)

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Context

The People Pledge to be Faithful

9:38 “Because of all of this we are entering into a binding covenant in written form; our leaders, our Levites, and our priests have affixed their names on the sealed document.” 10:1 On the sealed documents were the following names: Nehemiah the governor, son of Hacaliah, along with Zedekiah, 10:2 Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah, 10:3 Pashhur, Amariah, Malkijah, 10:4 Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch, 10:5 Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah, 10:6 Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch, 10:7 Meshullam, Abijah, Mijamin, 10:8 Maaziah, Bilgai, and Shemaiah. These were the priests. 10:9 The Levites were as follows: Jeshua son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel. 10:10 Their colleagues were as follows: Shebaniah, Hodiah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan, 10:11 Mica, Rehob, Hashabiah, 10:12 Zaccur, Sherebiah, Shebaniah, 10:13 Hodiah, Bani, and Beninu. 10:14 The leaders of the people were as follows: Parosh, Pahath-Moab, Elam, Zattu, Bani, 10:15 Bunni, Azgad, Bebai, 10:16 Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin, 10:17 Ater, Hezekiah, Azzur, 10:18 Hodiah, Hashum, Bezai, 10:19 Hariph, Anathoth, Nebai, 10:20 Magpiash, Meshullam, Hezir, 10:21 Meshezabel, Zadok, Jaddua, 10:22 Pelatiah, Hanan, Anaiah, 10:23 Hoshea, Hananiah, Hasshub, 10:24 Hallohesh, Pilha, Shobek, 10:25 Rehum, Hashabnah, Maaseiah, 10:26 Ahiah, Hanan, Anan, 10:27 Malluch, Harim, and Baanah. 10:28 “Now the rest of the people– the priests, the Levites, the gatekeepers, the singers, the temple attendants, and all those who have separated themselves from the neighboring peoples because of the law of God, along with their wives, their sons, and their daughters, all of whom are able to understand– 10:29 hereby participate with their colleagues the town leaders and enter into a curse and an oath to adhere to the law of God which was given through Moses the servant of God, and to obey carefully all the commandments of the LORD our Lord, along with his ordinances and his statutes. 10:30 “We will not give our daughters in marriage to the neighboring peoples, and we will not take their daughters in marriage for our sons. 10:31 We will not buy on the Sabbath or on a holy day from the neighboring peoples who bring their wares and all kinds of grain to sell on the Sabbath day. We will let the fields lie fallow every seventh year, and we will cancel every loan. 10:32 We accept responsibility for fulfilling the commands to give one third of a shekel each year for the work of the temple of our God, 10:33 for the loaves of presentation and for the regular grain offerings and regular burnt offerings, for the Sabbaths, for the new moons, for the appointed meetings, for the holy offerings, for the sin offerings to make atonement for Israel, and for all the work of the temple of our God. 10:34 “We– the priests, the Levites, and the people– have cast lots concerning the wood offerings, to bring them to the temple of our God according to our families at the designated times year by year to burn on the altar of the LORD our God, as is written in the law. 10:35 We also accept responsibility for bringing the first fruits of our land and the first fruits of every fruit tree year by year to the temple of the LORD. 10:36 We also accept responsibility, as is written in the law, for bringing the firstborn of our sons and our cattle and the firstborn of our herds and of our flocks to the temple of our God, to the priests who are ministering in the temple of our God. 10:37 We will also bring the first of our coarse meal, of our contributions, of the fruit of every tree, of new wine, and of olive oil to the priests at the storerooms of the temple of our God, along with a tenth of the produce of our land to the Levites, for the Levites are the ones who collect the tithes in all the cities where we work. 10:38 A priest of Aaron’s line will be with the Levites when the Levites collect the tithes, and the Levites will bring up a tenth of the tithes to the temple of our God, to the storerooms of the treasury. 10:39 The Israelites and the Levites will bring the contribution of the grain, the new wine, and the olive oil to the storerooms where the utensils of the sanctuary are kept, and where the priests who minister stay, along with the gatekeepers and the singers. We will not neglect the temple of our God.”

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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:

· Aaron a son of Amram; brother of Moses,son of Amram (Kohath Levi); patriarch of Israel's priests,the clan or priestly line founded by Aaron

· Abijah the son and successor of King Rehoboam

· Adin head of an Israelite clan that returned from exile in Babylon,head of an Israelite clan who pledged to obey God's law

· Adonijah son of David and Haggith,a Levite whom King Jehoshaphat commissioned to teach the law,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to obey God's law

· Ahiah an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to keep God's law

· Amariah a Levite (Hebron Kohath); founder of a sub-clan of Hebron,the chief priest, Amariah I; son of Marioth I; 1100 BC,son of Azariah II; chief priest under Jehoshaphat; Amariah II,a Levite temple assistant to Kore under King Hezekiah; 725 BC,son of King Hezekiah; 700 BC,an Israelite (Binnui) who put away his heathen wife; 458 BC,a priestly leader who returned with Zerubbabel 537 BC (NIVsn),son of Shephatiah of Judah

· Anaiah an official who supported Ezra and pledged to keep the law

· Anan an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to keep God's law

· Anathoth a town of Benjamin 10 km NE of Jerusalem, given to the priests,son of Becher, a Benjamite,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to obey God's law

· Ater a man whose descendants returned from exile in Babylon,a Levite; head of a group of gatekeepers in Ezra's time,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to obey God's law

· Azaniah father of Jeshua who covenanted to obey the law with Nehemiah

· Azariah son of Ahimaaz; grandson and successor of Zadok I,son of Nathan; a priest who was chief of Solomons officers,son and successor of king Amaziah of Judah,son of Ethan son of Zerah of Judah,son of Jehu son of Obed of Judah,son of Johanan; descendant of Meraioth I,son of Hilkiah before the exile; high priest Azariah III,a descendant of Hilkiah the priest,son of Zephaniah/Uriel (Korah Levi); forefather of Samuel,son of Oded; prophet under King Asa,second son of Jehoshaphat; brother of King Jehoram,fifth son of Jehoshaphat; brother of King Jehoram,son of Jeroham; a commander who helped enthrone Joash,son of Obed; a commander who helped enthrone Joash,the priest who confronted Uzziah for offering incense,a chief of Ephraim under Israel's King Pekah,father of Joel (Kohath Levi), who served under Hezekiah,son of Jehallelel (Merari Levi). He served under Hezekiah,chief priest, of Zadok's line, under Hezekiah,son of Maaseiah son of Ananiah; a repairer of Nehemiah's wall,a man who accompanied Zerubbabel back to the land of Judah,a scribe who helped Ezra explain the reading of the Law,a priest who signed the covenant to keep God's law,a prince of Judah who led praises to God on the new city wall,son of Hoshaiah; one of the leaders rebelling against Jeremiah,a man exiled from Judah and trained with Daniel in Babylon

· Azgad forefather of a group that returned from exile,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to obey God's law

· Azzur an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to obey God's law,father of Hananiah the prophet from Gibeon who opposed Jeremiah,father of Jaazaniah, one of the princes whom Ezekiel denounced

· Baanah son of Rimmon and a Benjamite captain of Ishbosheth's army,a man of Netophah; father of Heled, one of David's mighty men.,a leader returned exiles who pledged to keep God's law

· Bani a man of Gad; one of David's military elite,son of Shemer (Merari Aaron Levi),a man descended from Perez of Judah,a non-Levite ancestor of men who put away their heathen wives,a non-Levite ancestor of others who put away heathen wives,a Levite who helped Ezra explain the reading of the law,son of Henadad (Levi); a signer of the pledge to keep the law,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to obey God's law,son of Hashabiah and father of head Levite Uzzi under Nehemiah

· Baruch son of Zabbai and a priest repairer of the wall who also pledged to keep the law,son of Col-Hozeh of Judah,son of Neriah; Jeremiah's secretary

· Bebai father of Zechariah who lead the Bebai clan back from exile,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to obey God's law

· Beninu a Levite who pledged to obey God's law

· Bezai a man whose descendants returned from exile in Babylon,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to obey God's law

· Bigvai a leader of some who returned from exile with Zerubbabel,forefather of a clan of returnees with Zerubbabel and Ezra,an Israelite chief pledged to obey God's law

· Bilgai priest and leader who pledged to obey God's law

· Binnui a Levite whose son (or descendant), Noadiah returned from exile,a layman of the Pahath-Moab clan who put away his heathen wife,forefather of certain men who put away their heathen wives.,a man of the clan of Henadad who helped repair the wall,a man whose descendants returned from exile with Zerubbabel,a man of Levi who returned with Zerubbabel from exile

· Bunni a man of Levi who helped Ezra explain the law to the people,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to obey God's law,a man of Levi whose descendant Shemaiah returned from Exile

· Daniel the prophet who wrote the book of Daniel,son of David and Abigail,head of clan (Ithamar Levi) who pledged to obey God's law,prophet who wrote the book of Daniel

· Elam son of Shem son of Noah,a country east of the Tigris and Babylon in the territory of Media,son of Shashak of Benjamin,son of Meshelemiah; a Levite gatekeeper,a man whose descendants returned from exile in Babylon; Elam I,forefather of exile returnees with Zerubbabel; Elam II,forefather of returnees headed by Jeshaiah,forefather of Shecaniah who had to put away his heathen wife,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to obey God's law,a priest who helped Nehemiah dedicate the new wall of Jerusalem

· Ginnethon priest leader among those who returned from exile

· Hacaliah father of Nehemiah, the governor of the returned exiles

· Hallohesh an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to keep God's law

· Hanan son of Shashak of Benjamin,son of Azel of Benjamin,son of Maacah; one of David's military elite,a Levite; head of a group of temple servants in Ezra's time,a Levite who helped Ezra explain the reading of the law,son of Henadad, a Levite who signed the pledge to obey the law,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to keep God's law,a man of God who had a room in the temple; son of Igdaliah

· Hananiah son of Heman the Levite; worship leader under Heman and David,a man who was one of King Uzziah's commanders,son of Azzur; a false prophet of Zedekiah's from Gibeon,father of Zedekiah, a prince of Judah in the time of Jehoiakim,grandfather of Irijah the sentry who falsely accused Jeremiah; the father of Shelemiah,son of Shashak of Benjamin,a man of Judah who served Nebuchadnezzar with Daniel in Babylon,son of Zerubbabel,a layman of the Bebai clan who put away his heathen wife,a man who made perfume and helped rebuild the wall of Jerusalem; son of Shelemiah,governor of the castle and over Jerusalem under Nehemiah,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to keep God's law,a priest and head of the clan of Jeremiah under Joiakim

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Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Neh 9:38 Heb “our leaders, our Levites, and our priests on the sealed document.” The Hebrew text is elliptical here; the words “have affixed ...

NET Notes: Neh 10:1 The words “were the following names” are not in the Hebrew text but have been supplied in the translation for clarity. Cf. vv. 9, 10, 14.

NET Notes: Neh 10:9 With many medieval Hebrew manuscripts and the ancient versions the translation reads יְשׁוּעַ (yÿ...

NET Notes: Neh 10:10 Heb “brothers” (also in v. 30).

NET Notes: Neh 10:14 Heb “heads”; ASV “chiefs.”

NET Notes: Neh 10:28 Heb “from the peoples of the lands.” Cf. vv. 30, 31.

NET Notes: Neh 10:29 The Hebrew term translated “Lord” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

NET Notes: Neh 10:31 Heb “debt of every hand,” an idiom referring to the hand that holds legally binding contractual agreements.

NET Notes: Neh 10:32 Heb “house” (also in vv. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39).

NET Notes: Neh 10:34 Heb “the house of our fathers.”

NET Notes: Neh 10:35 The words “we accept responsibility” are not included in the Hebrew text, but are inferred from v. 33 (so also in v. 37).

NET Notes: Neh 10:37 Heb “of our work.”

NET Notes: Neh 10:38 Heb “And the priest the son of Aaron.”

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