Text -- Psalms 105:12-45 (NET)

105:12 When they were few in number, just a very few, and resident aliens within it, 105:13 they wandered from nation to nation, and from one kingdom to another. 105:14 He let no one oppress them; he disciplined kings for their sake, 105:15 saying, “Don’t touch my chosen ones! Don’t harm my prophets!” 105:16 He called down a famine upon the earth; he cut off all the food supply. 105:17 He sent a man ahead of them– Joseph was sold as a servant. 105:18 The shackles hurt his feet; his neck was placed in an iron collar, 105:19 until the time when his prediction came true. The Lord’s word proved him right. 105:20 The king authorized his release; the ruler of nations set him free. 105:21 He put him in charge of his palace, and made him manager of all his property, 105:22 giving him authority to imprison his officials and to teach his advisers. 105:23 Israel moved to Egypt; Jacob lived for a time in the land of Ham. 105:24 The Lord made his people very fruitful, and made them more numerous than their enemies. 105:25 He caused them to hate his people, and to mistreat his servants. 105:26 He sent his servant Moses, and Aaron, whom he had chosen. 105:27 They executed his miraculous signs among them, and his amazing deeds in the land of Ham. 105:28 He made it dark; they did not disobey his orders. 105:29 He turned their water into blood, and killed their fish. 105:30 Their land was overrun by frogs, which even got into the rooms of their kings. 105:31 He ordered flies to come; gnats invaded their whole territory. 105:32 He sent hail along with the rain; there was lightning in their land. 105:33 He destroyed their vines and fig trees, and broke the trees throughout their territory. 105:34 He ordered locusts to come, innumerable grasshoppers. 105:35 They ate all the vegetation in their land, and devoured the crops of their fields. 105:36 He struck down all the firstborn in their land, the firstfruits of their reproductive power. 105:37 He brought his people out enriched with silver and gold; none of his tribes stumbled. 105:38 Egypt was happy when they left, for they were afraid of them. 105:39 He spread out a cloud for a cover, and provided a fire to light up the night. 105:40 They asked for food, and he sent quails; he satisfied them with food from the sky. 105:41 He opened up a rock and water flowed out; a river ran through dry regions. 105:42 Yes, he remembered the sacred promise he made to Abraham his servant. 105:43 When he led his people out, they rejoiced; his chosen ones shouted with joy. 105:44 He handed the territory of nations over to them, and they took possession of what other peoples had produced, 105:45 so that they might keep his commands and obey his laws. Praise the Lord!

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Psa 105:13

¹ tn Heb “and from a kingdom to another nation.”

NET Notes: Psa 105:15

¹ tn The word “saying” is supplied in the translation for clarification and for stylistic reasons.

² tn Heb “anointed.”

NET Notes: Psa 105:16

¹ tn Heb “and every staff of food he broke.” The psalmist refers to the famine that occurred in Joseph’s time (see v. 17 and Gen 41:53-57).

NET Notes: Psa 105:17

¹ tn After the reference to the famine in v. 16, v. 17 flashes back to events that preceded the famine (see Gen 37).

NET Notes: Psa 105:18

¹ tn Heb “they afflicted his feet with shackles.”

² tn Heb “his neck came [into] iron.” The Hebrew term נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh) with the suffix could mean simply “he” or “his life.” But the nuance “neck” makes good sense here (note the reference to his “feet” in the preceding line). See L. C. Allen, Psalms 101-150 (WBC), 38.

NET Notes: Psa 105:19

¹ tn Heb “word,” probably referring to Joseph’s prediction about the fate of Pharaoh’s cupbearer and baker (see Gen 41:9-14).

² tn This line may refer to Joseph’s prediction of the famine in response to Pharaoh’s dream. Joseph emphasized to Pharaoh that the interpretation of the dream came from God (see Gen 41:16, 25, 28, 32, 39).

³ tn Heb “refined him.”

NET Notes: Psa 105:20

¹ tn Heb “[the] king sent and set him free.”

NET Notes: Psa 105:21

¹ tn Heb “he made him master of his house.”

NET Notes: Psa 105:22

¹ tn Heb “to bind his officials by his will.”

² tn Heb “and his elders he taught wisdom.”

NET Notes: Psa 105:23

¹ tn Heb “entered.”

² tn Heb “lived as a resident alien.”

NET Notes: Psa 105:24

¹ tn Heb “and he”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

² tn Heb “him,” referring to “his people.”

³ tn Heb “his,” referring to “his people.”

NET Notes: Psa 105:25

¹ tn Heb “their heart.”

² tn Or “to deal deceptively.” The Hitpael of נָכַל (nakhal) occurs only here and in Gen 37:18, where it is used of Joseph’s brothers “plotting” to kill him.

NET Notes: Psa 105:27

¹ tn Apparently the pronoun refers to “his servants” (i.e., the Israelites, see v. 25).

NET Notes: Psa 105:28

¹ tn Heb “he sent darkness and made it dark.”

sn He made it dark. The psalmist begins with the ninth plague (see Exod 10:21-29).

² tn Heb “they did not rebel against his words.” Apparently this refers to Moses and Aaron, who obediently carried out God’s orders.

NET Notes: Psa 105:31

¹ tn Heb “he spoke and flies came.”

NET Notes: Psa 105:32

¹ tn Heb “he gave their rains hail.”

² tn Heb “fire of flames [was] in their land.”

NET Notes: Psa 105:34

¹ tn Heb “he spoke and locusts came.”

NET Notes: Psa 105:35

¹ tn Heb “the fruit of their ground.”

NET Notes: Psa 105:36

¹ tn Heb “the beginning of all their strength,” that is, reproductive power (see Ps 78:51).

sn Verses 28-36 recall the plagues in a different order than the one presented in Exodus: v. 28 (plague 9), v. 29 (plague 1), v. 30 (plague 2), v. 31a (plague 4), v. 31b (plague 3), vv. 32-33 (plague 7), vv. 34-35 (plague 8), v. 36 (plague 10). No reference is made in Ps 105 to plagues 5 and 6.

NET Notes: Psa 105:37

¹ tn Heb “them”; the referent (the Lord’s people) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

² tn The word “enriched” is supplied in the translation for clarification and for stylistic reasons.

NET Notes: Psa 105:38

¹ tn Heb “for fear of them had fallen upon them.”

NET Notes: Psa 105:39

¹ tn Or “curtain.”

NET Notes: Psa 105:40

¹ tn Heb “he [i.e., his people] asked.” The singular form should probably be emended to a plural שָׁאֲלוּ (sha’alu, “they asked”), the vav (ו) having fallen off by haplography (note the vav at the beginning of the following form).

² tn Or “bread of heaven.” The reference is to manna (see Exod 16:4, 13-15).

NET Notes: Psa 105:42

¹ tn Or “for.”

² tn Heb “his holy word.”

NET Notes: Psa 105:43

¹ tn Heb “and he led his people out with joy, with a ringing cry, his chosen ones.”

NET Notes: Psa 105:44

¹ tn Heb “and the [product of the] work of peoples they possessed.”

NET Notes: Psa 105:45

¹ tn Heb “guard.”