Discovery Box1 Chronicles 17:1--22:19
Context17:1 When David had settled into his palace, 1 he 2 said to Nathan the prophet, “Look, I am living in a palace 3 made from cedar, while the ark of the Lord’s covenant is under a tent.” 4 17:2 Nathan said to David, “You should do whatever you have in mind, 5 for God is with you.”
17:3 That night God told Nathan the prophet, 6 17:4 “Go, tell my servant David: ‘This is what the Lord says: “You must not build me a house in which to live. 17:5 For I have not lived in a house from the time I brought Israel up from Egypt 7 to the present day. I have lived in a tent that has been in various places. 8 17:6 Wherever I moved throughout Israel, I did not say 9 to any of the leaders whom I appointed to care for my people Israel, 10 ‘Why have you not built me a house made from cedar?’”’
17:7 “So now, say this to my servant David: ‘This is what the Lord who commands armies 11 says: “I took you from the pasture and from your work as a shepherd 12 to make you a leader of my people Israel. 17:8 I was with you wherever you went and I defeated 13 all your enemies before you. Now I will make you as famous as the great men of the earth. 14 17:9 I will establish a place for my people Israel and settle 15 them there; they will live there and not be disturbed 16 anymore. Violent men will not oppress them again, as they did in the beginning 17 17:10 and during the time when I appointed judges to lead my people Israel. I will subdue all your enemies.
“‘“I declare to you that the Lord will build a dynastic house 18 for you! 17:11 When the time comes for you to die, 19 I will raise up your descendant, 20 one of your own sons, to succeed you, and I will establish his kingdom. 17:12 He will build me a house, and I will make his dynasty permanent. 21 17:13 I will become his father and he will become my son. I will never withhold my loyal love from him, as I withheld it from the one who ruled before you. 22 17:14 I will put him in permanent charge of my house and my kingdom; his dynasty will be permanent.”’” 23 17:15 Nathan told David all these words that were revealed to him. 24
17:16 David went in, sat before the Lord, and said: “Who am I, O Lord God, and what is my family, 25 that you should have brought me to this point? 17:17 And you did not stop there, O God! You have also spoken about the future of your servant’s family. 26 You have revealed to me what men long to know, 27 O Lord God. 17:18 What more can David say 28 to you? You have honored your servant; you have given your servant special recognition. 29 17:19 O Lord, for the sake of your servant and according to your will, 30 you have done this great thing in order to reveal your greatness. 31 17:20 O Lord, there is none like you; there is no God besides you! What we heard is true! 32 17:21 And who is like your people, Israel, a unique nation 33 in the earth? Their God 34 went to claim 35 a nation for himself! You made a name for yourself by doing great and awesome deeds 36 when you drove out 37 nations before your people whom you had delivered from the Egyptian empire and its gods. 38 17:22 You made Israel your very own nation for all time. 39 You, O Lord, became their God. 17:23 So now, O Lord, may the promise you made about your servant and his family become a permanent reality! 40 Do as you promised, 41 17:24 so 42 it may become a reality 43 and you may gain lasting fame, 44 as people say, 45 ‘The Lord who commands armies is the God of Israel.’ 46 David’s dynasty 47 will be established before you, 17:25 for you, my God, have revealed to your servant that you will build a dynasty 48 for him. That is why your servant has had the courage to pray to you. 49 17:26 Now, O Lord, you are the true God; 50 you have made this good promise to your servant. 51 17:27 Now you are willing to bless your servant’s dynasty 52 so that it may stand permanently before you, for you, O Lord, have blessed it and it will be blessed from now on into the future.” 53
18:1 Later David defeated the Philistines and subdued them. He took Gath and its surrounding towns 54 away from the Philistines. 55
18:2 He defeated the Moabites; the Moabites became David’s subjects and brought tribute. 56
18:3 David defeated King Hadadezer of Zobah as far as Hamath, when he went to extend his authority 57 to the Euphrates River. 58 18:4 David seized from him 1,000 chariots, 7,000 charioteers, 59 and 20,000 infantrymen. David cut the hamstrings of all but a hundred of Hadadezer’s 60 chariot horses. 61 18:5 The Arameans of Damascus came to help King Hadadezer of Zobah, but David killed 22,000 of the Arameans. 18:6 David placed garrisons in the territory of the Arameans of Damascus; 62 the Arameans became David’s subjects and brought tribute. The Lord protected 63 David wherever he campaigned. 64 18:7 David took the golden shields which Hadadezer’s servants had carried 65 and brought them to Jerusalem. 66 18:8 From Tibhath 67 and Kun, 68 Hadadezer’s cities, David took a great deal of bronze. (Solomon used it to make the big bronze basin called “The Sea,” 69 the pillars, and other bronze items.
18:9 When King Tou 70 of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of King Hadadezer of Zobah, 18:10 he sent his son Hadoram 71 to King David to extend his best wishes 72 and to pronounce a blessing on him for his victory over Hadadezer, for Tou had been at war with Hadadezer. 73 He also sent various items made of gold, silver, and bronze. 74 18:11 King David dedicated these things to the Lord, 75 along with the silver and gold which he had carried off from all the nations, including 76 Edom, 77 Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, and Amalek.
18:12 Abishai son of Zeruiah 78 killed 18,000 Edomites in the Valley of Salt. 18:13 He placed garrisons in Edom, and all the Edomites became David’s subjects. The Lord protected 79 David wherever he campaigned. 80
18:14 David reigned over all Israel; he guaranteed justice for all his people. 81 18:15 Joab son of Zeruiah was commanding general of 82 the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was secretary; 18:16 Zadok son of Ahitub and Abimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Shavsha 83 was scribe; 18:17 Benaiah son of Jehoiada supervised 84 the Kerethites and Pelethites; and David’s sons were the king’s leading officials. 85
19:1 Later King Nahash of the Ammonites died and his son succeeded him. 19:2 David said, “I will express my loyalty 86 to Hanun son of Nahash, for his father was loyal 87 to me.” So David sent messengers to express his sympathy over his father’s death. 88 When David’s servants entered Ammonite territory to visit Hanun and express the king’s sympathy, 89 19:3 the Ammonite officials said to Hanun, “Do you really think David is trying to honor your father by sending these messengers to express his sympathy? 90 No, his servants have come to you so they can get information and spy out the land!” 91 19:4 So Hanun seized David’s servants and shaved their beards off. 92 He cut off the lower part of their robes so that their buttocks were exposed 93 and then sent them away. 19:5 Messengers 94 came and told David what had happened to the men, so he summoned them, for the men were thoroughly humiliated. The king said, “Stay in Jericho 95 until your beards grow again; then you may come back.”
19:6 When the Ammonites realized that David was disgusted with them, 96 Hanun and the Ammonites sent 1,000 talents 97 of silver to hire chariots and charioteers from Aram Naharaim, Aram Maacah, and Zobah. 98 19:7 They hired 32,000 chariots, along with the king of Maacah and his army, who came and camped in front of Medeba. The Ammonites also assembled from their cities and marched out to do battle.
19:8 When David heard the news, he sent Joab and the entire army to meet them. 99 19:9 The Ammonites marched out and were deployed for battle at the entrance to the city, while the kings who had come were by themselves in the field. 19:10 When Joab saw that the battle would be fought on two fronts, he chose some of Israel’s best men and deployed them against the Arameans. 100 19:11 He put his brother Abishai in charge of the rest of the army and they were deployed against the Ammonites. 19:12 Joab 101 said, “If the Arameans start to overpower me, 102 you come to my rescue. If the Ammonites start to overpower you, 103 I will come to your rescue. 19:13 Be strong! Let’s fight bravely for the sake of our people and the cities of our God! The Lord will do what he decides is best!” 104 19:14 So Joab and his men 105 marched toward the Arameans to do battle, and they fled before him. 19:15 When the Ammonites saw the Arameans flee, they fled before Joab’s 106 brother Abishai and withdrew into the city. Joab went back to Jerusalem. 107
19:16 When the Arameans realized they had been defeated by Israel, they sent for reinforcements from beyond the Euphrates River, 108 led by Shophach the commanding general of Hadadezer’s army. 109 19:17 When David was informed, he gathered all Israel, crossed the Jordan River, 110 and marched against them. 111 David deployed his army against the Arameans for battle and they fought against him. 112 19:18 The Arameans fled before Israel. David killed 7,000 113 Aramean charioteers and 40,000 infantrymen; he also killed Shophach 114 the commanding general. 19:19 When Hadadezer’s subjects saw they were defeated by Israel, they made peace with David and became his subjects. The Arameans were no longer willing to help the Ammonites.
20:1 In the spring, at the time when kings normally conduct wars, 115 Joab led the army into battle and devastated the land of the Ammonites. He went and besieged Rabbah, while David stayed in Jerusalem. Joab defeated Rabbah and tore it down. 20:2 David took the crown from the head of their king 116 and wore it 117 (its weight was a talent 118 of gold and it was set with precious stones). He took a large amount of plunder from the city. 20:3 He removed the city’s residents and made them do hard labor with saws, iron picks, and axes. 119 This was his policy 120 with all the Ammonite cities. Then David and all the army returned to Jerusalem.
20:4 Later there was a battle 121 with the Philistines in Gezer. 122 At that time Sibbekai the Hushathite killed Sippai, 123 one of the descendants of the Rephaim, and the Philistines 124 were subdued.
20:5 There was another battle with the Philistines in which Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed the brother of Goliath the Gittite, 125 whose spear had a shaft as big as the crossbeam of a weaver’s loom. 126
20:6 In a battle in Gath 127 there was a large man who had six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot – twenty-four in all! He too was a descendant of Rapha. 20:7 When he taunted Israel, Jonathan son of Shimea, 128 David’s brother, killed him.
20:8 These were the descendants of Rapha who lived in Gath; they were killed 129 by the hand of David and his soldiers. 130
21:1 An adversary 131 opposed 132 Israel, inciting David to count how many warriors Israel had. 133 21:2 David told Joab and the leaders of the army, 134 “Go, count the number of warriors 135 from Beer Sheba to Dan. Then bring back a report to me so I may know how many we have.” 136 21:3 Joab replied, “May the Lord make his army 137 a hundred times larger! My master, O king, do not all of them serve my master? Why does my master want to do this? Why bring judgment on Israel?” 138
21:4 But the king’s edict stood, despite Joab’s objections. 139 So Joab left and traveled throughout Israel before returning to Jerusalem. 140 21:5 Joab reported to David the number of warriors. 141 In all Israel there were 1,100,000 142 sword-wielding soldiers; Judah alone had 470,000 sword-wielding soldiers. 143 21:6 Now Joab 144 did not number Levi and Benjamin, for the king’s edict disgusted him. 21:7 God was also offended by it, 145 so he attacked Israel.
21:8 David said to God, “I have sinned greatly by doing this! Now, please remove the guilt of your servant, for I have acted very foolishly.” 21:9 The Lord told Gad, David’s prophet, 146 21:10 “Go, tell David, ‘This is what the Lord says: “I am offering you three forms of judgment from which to choose. Pick one of them.”’” 147 21:11 Gad went to David and told him, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Pick one of these: 21:12 three 148 years of famine, or three months being chased by your enemies and struck down by their swords, 149 or three days being struck down by the Lord, during which a plague will invade the land and the Lord’s messenger will destroy throughout Israel’s territory.’ 150 Now, decide what I should tell the one who sent me.” 21:13 David said to Gad, “I am very upset! I prefer to be attacked by the Lord, for his mercy is very great; I do not want to be attacked by men!” 151 21:14 So the Lord sent a plague through Israel, and 70,000 Israelite men died.
21:15 God sent an angel 152 to ravage 153 Jerusalem. As he was doing so, 154 the Lord watched 155 and relented from 156 his judgment. 157 He told the angel who was destroying, “That’s enough! 158 Stop now!” 159
Now the Lord’s angel was standing near the threshing floor of Ornan 160 the Jebusite. 21:16 David looked up and saw the Lord’s messenger standing between the earth and sky with his sword drawn and in his hand, stretched out over Jerusalem. David and the leaders, covered with sackcloth, threw themselves down with their faces to the ground. 161 21:17 David said to God, “Was I not the one who decided to number the army? I am the one who sinned and committed this awful deed! 162 As for these sheep – what have they done? O Lord my God, attack me and my family, 163 but remove the plague from your people!” 164
21:18 So the Lord’s messenger told Gad to instruct David to go up and build 165 an altar for the Lord on the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite. 21:19 So David went up as Gad instructed him to do in the name of the Lord. 166 21:20 While Ornan was threshing wheat, he turned and saw the messenger, and he and his four sons hid themselves. 21:21 When David came to Ornan, Ornan looked and saw David; he came out from the threshing floor and bowed to David with his face 167 to the ground. 21:22 David said to Ornan, “Sell me the threshing floor 168 so I can build 169 on it an altar for the Lord – I’ll pay top price 170 – so that the plague may be removed 171 from the people.” 21:23 Ornan told David, “You can have it! 172 My master, the king, may do what he wants. 173 Look, I am giving you the oxen for burnt sacrifices, the threshing sledges for wood, and the wheat for an offering. I give it all to you.” 21:24 King David replied to Ornan, “No, I insist on buying it for top price. 174 I will not offer to the Lord what belongs to you or offer a burnt sacrifice 175 that cost me nothing. 176 21:25 So David bought the place from Ornan for 600 pieces of gold. 177 21:26 David built there an altar to the Lord and offered burnt sacrifices and peace offerings. 178 He called out to the Lord, and the Lord 179 responded by sending fire from the sky and consuming the burnt sacrifice on the altar. 21:27 The Lord ordered the messenger 180 to put his sword back into its sheath.
21:28 At that time, when David saw that the Lord responded to him at the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite, he sacrificed there. 21:29 Now the Lord’s tabernacle (which Moses had made in the wilderness) and the altar for burnt sacrifices were at that time at the worship center 181 in Gibeon. 21:30 But David could not go before it to seek God’s will, for he was afraid of the sword of the Lord’s messenger. 22:1 David then said, “This is the place where the temple of the Lord God will be, along with the altar for burnt sacrifices for Israel.”
22:2 David ordered the resident foreigners in the land of Israel to be called together. He appointed some of them to be stonecutters to chisel stones for the building of God’s temple. 22:3 David supplied a large amount of iron for the nails of the doors of the gates and for braces, more bronze than could be weighed, 22:4 and more cedar logs than could be counted. (The Sidonians and Tyrians had brought a large amount of cedar logs to David.)
22:5 David said, “My son Solomon is just an inexperienced young man, 182 and the temple to be built for the Lord must be especially magnificent so it will become famous and be considered splendid by all the nations. 183 Therefore I will make preparations for its construction.” So David made extensive preparations before he died.
22:6 He summoned his son Solomon and charged him to build a temple for the Lord God of Israel. 22:7 David said to Solomon: “My son, I really wanted 184 to build a temple to honor 185 the Lord my God. 22:8 But the Lord said to me: 186 ‘You have spilled a great deal of blood and fought many battles. You must not build a temple to honor me, 187 for you have spilled a great deal of blood on the ground before me. 22:9 Look, you will have a son, who will be a peaceful man. 188 I will give him rest from all his enemies on every side. 189 Indeed, Solomon 190 will be his name; I will give Israel peace and quiet during his reign. 191 22:10 He will build a temple to honor me; 192 he will become my son, and I will become his father. I will grant to his dynasty permanent rule over Israel.’ 193
22:11 “Now, my son, may the Lord be with you! May you succeed and build a temple for the Lord your God, just as he announced you would. 194 22:12 Only may the Lord give you insight and understanding when he places you in charge of Israel, so you may obey 195 the law of the Lord your God. 22:13 Then you will succeed, if you carefully obey the rules and regulations which the Lord ordered Moses to give to Israel. 196 Be strong and brave! Don’t be afraid and don’t panic! 197 22:14 Now, look, I have made every effort to supply what is needed to build the Lord’s temple. 198 I have stored up 100,000 talents 199 of gold, 1,000,000 200 talents of silver, and so much bronze and iron it cannot be weighed, as well as wood and stones. Feel free to add more! 22:15 You also have available many workers, including stonecutters, masons, carpenters, 201 and an innumerable array of workers who are skilled 22:16 in using gold, silver, bronze, and iron. 202 Get up and begin the work! May the Lord be with you!”
22:17 David ordered all the officials of Israel to support 203 his son Solomon. 22:18 He told them, 204 “The Lord your God is with you! 205 He has made you secure on every side, 206 for he handed over to me the inhabitants of the region 207 and the region 208 is subdued before the Lord and his people. 22:19 Now seek the Lord your God wholeheartedly and with your entire being! 209 Get up and build the sanctuary of the Lord God! Then you can bring 210 the ark of the Lord’s covenant and the holy items dedicated to God’s service 211 into the temple that is built to honor the Lord.” 212
[17:1] 2 tn Heb “David.” The pronoun “he” has been used in the translation here to avoid redundancy in keeping with contemporary English style.
[17:1] 4 tn Heb “tent curtains.”
[17:2] 5 tn Heb “all which is in your heart.”
[17:3] 6 tn Heb “the word of God was [i.e., came] to Nathan the prophet.”
[17:5] 7 tn The words “from Egypt” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[17:5] 8 tc Heb “and I was from tent to tent and from tabernacle.” The words אֶל־מִשְּׁכָּן (’el-mishÿkan, “to tabernacle”) should probably be added at the end of the sentence to complete this prepositional phrase and produce symmetry with the preceding prepositional phrase. The words probably fell from the text by homoioteleuton.
[17:6] 9 tn In the Hebrew text the statement is phrased as a rhetorical question (“Did I say?”) meaning “I did not say.”
[17:6] 10 tn Heb “to one of the judges of Israel whom I commanded to shepherd my people.”
[17:7] 11 tn Traditionally, “
[17:7] 12 tn Heb “and from after sheep.”
[17:8] 14 tn Heb “and I will make for you a name like the name of the great men who are in the earth.”
[17:9] 17 tn Heb “and sons of violence will no longer consume them as in the beginning.”
[17:10] 18 tn Here the word “house” is used in a metaphorical sense, referring to a royal dynasty. The
[17:11] 19 tn Heb “and it will be when your days are full to go with your ancestors.”
[17:11] 20 tn Heb “your seed.”
[17:12] 21 tn Heb “and I will establish his throne permanently.”
[17:13] 22 sn The one who ruled before you is a reference to Saul, from whom the kingdom was taken and given to David.
[17:14] 23 tn Heb “and his throne will be established permanently.”
[17:15] 24 tn Heb “according to all these words and according to all this revelation, so Nathan said to David.”
[17:17] 26 tn Heb “and this was small in your eyes, O God, so you spoke concerning the house of your servant for a distance.”
[17:17] 27 tn The translation “You have revealed to me what men long to know” is very tentative; the meaning of the Hebrew text is unclear. The text appears to read literally, “and you see me like the searching of man, that which is upward,” which is nonsensical. The translation above assumes the following: (1) The Qal verb translated “you see me” is repointed as a Hiphil, “you showed me,” (2) תּוֹר (tor) is understood in the sense of “searching, exploring,” and (3) הַמַּעֲלָה (hamma’alah) is taken in a temporal sense of “that which lies beyond.” Thus one could translate, “you have shown me what men search for, what lies beyond.”
[17:18] 28 tn The word “say” is supplied in the translation for clarification.
[17:18] 29 tn Heb “for honoring your servant, and you, your servant, know.”
[17:19] 31 tn Heb “to make known all the great deeds.”
[17:20] 32 tn The Hebrew text reads literally, “in all which we heard with our ears,” but בְּכֹל (bÿkhol, “in all”) should probably be emended to כְּכֹל (kÿkhol, “according to all”).
[17:21] 33 tn Heb “a nation, one.”
[17:21] 34 tn Heb “whose God,” or “because God.” In the Hebrew text this clause is subordinated to what precedes. The clauses are separated in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[17:21] 35 tn Heb “redeem” or “deliver.”
[17:21] 36 tn Heb “to make for yourself a name [with] great and awesome [deeds].”
[17:21] 37 tn Heb “to drive out.”
[17:21] 38 tn Heb “from Egypt, nations.” The parallel text in 2 Sam 7:23 reads “from Egypt, nations and its gods.”
[17:22] 39 tn Heb “and you made your people Israel your own for a people permanently.”
[17:23] 40 tn Heb “and now, O
[17:23] 41 tn Heb “as you have spoken.”
[17:24] 42 tn Following the imperative in v. 23b, the prefixed verbal form with vav (ו) conjunctive indicates purpose/result: “so it might become a reality.”
[17:24] 43 tn Heb “so it might be established.”
[17:24] 44 tn Heb “and your name might be great permanently.” Following the imperative in v. 23b, the prefixed verbal form with vav conjunctive indicates purpose/result (parallel to the previous purpose/result clause): “[so]…you might gain lasting fame.”
[17:24] 45 tn Heb “saying.” The words “as people” are supplied in the translation for clarification and for stylistic reasons.
[17:24] 46 tc Heb “the
[17:24] 47 tn Heb “the house of David.”
[17:25] 49 tn Heb “That is why your servant found to pray before you.” Perhaps the phrase אֶת לִבּוֹ (’et libbo, “his heart”) should be supplied as the object of the verb “found.”
[17:26] 50 tn Heb “the God.” The article indicates uniqueness here.
[17:26] 51 tn Heb “and you have spoken to your servant this good thing.”
[17:27] 53 tn Heb “for you, O
[18:1] 54 tn 2 Sam 8:1 identifies this region as “Metheg Ammah.”
[18:1] 55 tn Heb “from the hand of the Philistines.” Here “hand” is figurative language for “control.”
[18:2] 56 tn Heb “and the Moabites were servants of David, carriers of tribute.”
[18:3] 58 tn Heb “when he went to set up his hand at the Euphrates River.” The Hebrew word יָד (yad, “hand”) is usually understood to mean “control” or “dominion” here. However, since יָד does occasionally refer to a monument, perhaps one could translate, “to set up his monument at the Euphrates River” (i.e., as a visible marker of the limits of his dominion). For another example of the Hiphil of נָצַב (natsav) used with יָד (“monument”), see 1 Sam 15:12.
[18:4] 60 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Hadadezer) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[18:4] 61 tn Heb “and David cut the hamstrings of all the chariot horses, and he left from them one hundred chariot horses.”
[18:6] 62 tc Heb “and David placed in Aram of Damascus.” The object נְצִיבִים (nÿtsivim, “garrisons”) appears to have been accidentally omitted from the text. See v. 13, as well as the parallel passage in 2 Sam 8:6, which includes it.
[18:6] 64 tn Or “wherever he went.”
[18:7] 65 tn Heb “which were upon the servants of Hadadezer.”
[18:7] 66 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[18:8] 67 tn The MT reads “Tibhath” here, a variant name for Tebah (cf. 2 Sam 8:8). Some English translations substitute the other version of the name here (e.g., NIV, NLT), while others follow the reading of the Hebrew text at this point (e.g., NAB, NASB, NRSV).
[18:8] 68 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 8:8 has the variant name “Berothai.”
[18:8] 69 tn Heb “the sea of bronze,” or “[the] sea, the bronze one.” See the note at 1 Kgs 7:23.
[18:9] 70 tn The name is spelled “Toi” in the parallel text in 2 Sam 8:9.
[18:10] 71 tn The name is spelled “Joram” in the parallel text in 2 Sam 8:10.
[18:10] 72 tn Heb “to ask concerning him for peace.”
[18:10] 73 tn Heb “and to bless him because he fought with Hadadezer and defeated him, for Hadadezer was a man of battles with Tou.”
[18:10] 74 tn Heb “[along with] all items of gold and silver and bronze.”
[18:11] 75 tn Heb “also them King David made holy to the
[18:11] 77 tc The parallel text of 2 Sam 8:12 of the MT reads “Aram.” However, a few Hebrew
[18:12] 78 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 8:13 attributes this victory to David.
[18:13] 80 tn Or “wherever he went.”
[18:14] 81 tn Heb “and he was doing what is just and fair for all his people.”
[18:16] 83 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 8:17 has the variant spelling “Seraiah.”
[18:17] 84 tn Heb “[was] over.”
[18:17] 85 tn Heb “and the sons of David [were] the heads at the hand of David.” The parallel text of 2 Sam 8:18 identifies them as “priests” (see sn there on the word “priests”).
[19:2] 86 tn Heb “do loyalty.”
[19:2] 87 tn Heb “did loyalty.”
[19:2] 88 tn Heb “to console him concerning his father.”
[19:2] 89 tn Heb “and the servants of David came to the land of the sons of Ammon to Hanun to console him.”
[19:3] 90 tn Heb “Is David honoring your father in your eyes when he sends to you ones consoling?”
[19:3] 91 tc Heb “Is it not to explore and to overturn and to spy out the land (that) his servants have come to you?” The Hebrew term לַהֲפֹךְ (lahafakh, “to overturn”) seems misplaced in the sequence. Some emend the form to לַחְפֹּר (lakhpor, “to spy out”). The sequence of three infinitives may be a conflation of alternative readings.
[19:4] 92 tn Heb “shaved them.” See v. 5.
[19:4] 93 tn Heb “and he cut their robes in the middle unto the buttocks.”
[19:5] 94 tn Heb “they.” The logical referent, though not specified in the Hebrew text, has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
[19:5] 95 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[19:6] 96 tn Heb “that they were a stench [i.e., disgusting] with David.”
[19:6] 97 tn The Hebrew word כִּכַּר (kikar, “circle”) refers generally to something that is round. When used of metals it can refer to a disk-shaped weight made of the metal or, by extension, to a standard unit of weight. According to the older (Babylonian) standard the “talent” weighed 130 lbs. (58.9 kg), but later this was lowered to 108.3 lbs. (49.1 kg). More recent research suggests the “light” standard talent was 67.3 lbs. (30.6 kg). Using this as the standard for calculation, the Ammonites hired chariots and charioteers for about 33.7 tons (30,600 kg) of silver.
[19:6] 98 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 10:6 has “Aram Beth Rehob and Aram Zobah.”
[19:8] 99 tn The words “the news” and “to meet them” are added in the translation for stylistic reasons and for clarification.
[19:10] 100 tc The parallel text of 2 Sam 10:10 has “the Ammonites” in place of “the Arameans” here.
[19:12] 101 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Joab) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[19:12] 102 tn Heb “if Aram is stronger than me.”
[19:12] 103 tn Heb “if the sons of Ammon are stronger than you.”
[19:13] 104 tn Heb “and the
[19:14] 105 tn Heb “and the army which was with him.”
[19:15] 106 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Joab) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[19:15] 107 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[19:16] 108 tn Heb “the River,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[19:16] 109 tn Heb “and Aram saw that they were struck down before Israel and they sent messengers and brought out Aram which is beyond the River, and Shophach the commander of the army of Hadadezer [was] before them.”
[19:17] 110 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
[19:17] 111 tc The parallel text of 2 Sam 10:17 “he came to Helam.”
[19:17] 112 tn Heb “and David was deployed to meet Aram [for] battle and they fought with him.”
[19:18] 113 tc The parallel text of 2 Sam 10:18 has “seven hundred.”
[19:18] 114 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 10:18 has the variant spelling “Shobach.”
[20:1] 115 tn Heb “and it was at the time of the turning of the year, at the time of the going out of kings.”
[20:2] 116 tc The translation follows the MT, which reads “of their king”; the LXX and Vulgate read “of Milcom” (cf. 1 Kgs 11:5). Milcom, also known as Molech, was the god of the Ammonites.
[20:2] 117 tn Heb “and it was on the head of David.”
[20:2] 118 sn See the note on the word “talents” in 19:6.
[20:3] 119 tc The Hebrew text reads “saws,” but since saws were just mentioned, it is preferable to emend מְגֵרוֹת (mÿgerot, “saws”) to מַגְזְרוֹת (magzÿrot, “axes”).
[20:3] 120 tn Heb “and so he would do.”
[20:4] 121 tn Heb “battle stood.”
[20:4] 122 tn The parallel text in 2 Sam 21:18 identifies this site as “Gob.”
[20:4] 123 tn The parallel text in 2 Sam 21:18 has the variant spelling “Saph.”
[20:4] 124 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the Philistines) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[20:5] 125 tc The Hebrew text reads, “Elchanan son of Jair killed Lachmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite.” But it is likely that the accusative marker in front of לַחְמִי (lakhmiy, “Lachmi”) is a corruption of בֵּית (bet), and that אֶת־לַחְמִי (’et-lakhmiy) should be emended to בֵּית הַלַּחְמִי (bet hallakhmiy, “the Bethlehemite”). See 2 Sam 21:19.
[20:5] 126 tc See tc note on the parallel passage in 2 Sam 21:19.
[20:6] 127 tn Heb “and there was another battle, in Gath.”
[20:7] 128 tn The parallel text in 2 Sam 21:21 has the variant spelling “Shimeah.”
[20:8] 129 tn Heb “they fell.”
[20:8] 130 tn Heb “his servants.”
[21:1] 131 tn Or “Satan.” The Hebrew word שָׂטָן (satan) can refer to an adversary in general or Satan in particular. There is no article accompanying the term here, which suggests it should be understood generally (cf. NAB “a satan”).
[21:1] 132 tn Heb “stood against.”
[21:1] 133 tn Heb “and incited David to count Israel.” As v. 5 indicates, David was not interested in a general census, but in determining how much military strength he had.
[21:2] 135 tn Heb “Go, count Israel.” See the note on “had” in v. 1.
[21:2] 136 tn Heb “their number.”
[21:3] 138 tn Heb “Why should it become guilt for Israel?” David’s decision betrays an underlying trust in his own strength rather than in divine provision. See also 1 Chr 27:23-24.
[21:4] 139 tn Heb “and the word of the king was stronger than Joab.”
[21:4] 140 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[21:5] 141 tn Heb “and Joab gave to David the number of the numbering of the army [or “people”].”
[21:5] 142 tn Heb “a thousand thousands and one hundred thousand.”
[21:5] 143 tc The parallel text in 2 Sam 24:9 has variant figures: “In Israel there were eight hundred thousand sword-wielding warriors, and in Judah there were five hundred thousands soldiers.”
[21:6] 144 tn Heb “he”; the proper name (“Joab”) has been substituted for the pronoun here for stylistic reasons; the proper name occurs at the end of the verse in the Hebrew text, where it has been replaced by the pronoun (“him”) in the translation.
[21:7] 145 tn Heb “There was displeasure in the eyes of God concerning this thing.”
[21:10] 147 tn Heb “Three I am extending to you; choose for yourself one of them and I will do it to you.”
[21:12] 148 tc The parallel text in the MT of 2 Sam 24:13 has “seven,” but LXX has “three” there.
[21:12] 149 tc Heb “or three months being swept away from before your enemies and the sword of your enemies overtaking.” The Hebrew term נִסְפֶּה (nisppeh, Niphal participle from סָפָה, safah) should probably be emended to נֻסְכָה (nusÿkhah, Qal infinitive from נוּס [nus] with second masculine singular suffix). See 2 Sam 24:13.
[21:12] 150 tn Heb “or three days of the sword of the
[21:13] 151 tn Heb “There is great distress to me; let me fall into the hand of the
[21:15] 152 tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 24:15 reports that God sent a plague, while 24:16-17 attributes this to the instrumentality of an angel.
[21:15] 154 tn Heb “while he was destroying.”
[21:15] 156 tn Or “was grieved because of.”
[21:15] 157 tn Heb “concerning the calamity.”
[21:15] 158 tn For this nuance of the Hebrew word רַב (rav), see BDB 913 s.v. 1.f.
[21:15] 159 tn Heb “Now, drop your hand.”
[21:15] 160 tn In the parallel text in 2 Sam 24:16 this individual is called אֲרַוְנָא (’aravna’, “Aravna”), traditionally “Araunah.” The form of the name found here also occurs in vv. 18-28.
[21:16] 161 tn Heb “and David and the elders, covered with sackcloth, fell on their faces.”
[21:17] 162 tn “and doing evil I did evil.” The infinitive absolute precedes the finite form of the verb for emphasis.
[21:17] 163 tn Heb “let your hand be on me and on the house of my father.”
[21:17] 164 tn Heb “but on your people not for a plague.”
[21:18] 165 tn Heb “that he should go up to raise up.”
[21:19] 166 tn Heb “and David went up by the word of Gad which he spoke in the name of the
[21:21] 167 tn Heb “nostrils.”
[21:22] 168 tn Heb “the place of the threshing floor.”
[21:22] 169 tn Following the imperative, the prefixed verbal form with vav (ו) conjunctive here indicates the immediate purpose/result: “so I can build.”
[21:22] 170 tn Heb “For full silver sell to me.”
[21:22] 171 tn Following the imperative and first person prefixed verbal form with vav (ו) conjunctive, this third person prefixed verbal form with vav conjunctive introduces the ultimate purpose/result: “so the plague may be removed.” Another option is subordinate this form to the preceding imperative, but the latter may be taken as a parenthetical expansion of the initial request.
[21:23] 172 tn Heb “take for yourself.”
[21:23] 173 tn Heb “what is good in his eyes.”
[21:24] 174 tn Heb “No, for buying I will buy for full silver.” The infinitive absolute precedes the finite verb for emphasis.
[21:24] 175 tc The parallel text in 2 Sam 24:24 has the plural “burnt sacrifices.”
[21:24] 176 tn Or “without [paying] compensation.”
[21:25] 177 tc The parallel text of 2 Sam 24:24 says David bought the threshing floor and the oxen for “fifty pieces of silver.” This would have been about 20 ounces (568 grams) of silver by weight.
[21:26] 178 tn Or “tokens of peace.”
[21:26] 179 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the
[21:27] 180 tn Heb “spoke to the messenger.”
[21:29] 181 tn Or “high place.”
[22:5] 182 tn Heb “a young man and tender.”
[22:5] 183 tn Heb “and the house to build to make exceedingly great for a name and for splendor for all the lands.”
[22:7] 184 tn Heb “I was with my heart.”
[22:7] 185 tn Heb “for the name of.”
[22:8] 186 tn Heb “and the word of the
[22:8] 187 tn Heb “for my name.”
[22:9] 188 tn Heb “man of rest.”
[22:9] 189 tn Heb “his enemies all around.”
[22:9] 190 sn The name Solomon (שְׁלֹמֹה, shÿlomoh) sounds like (and may be derived from) the Hebrew word for “peace” (שָׁלוֹם, shalom).
[22:9] 191 tn Heb “in his days.”
[22:10] 192 tn Heb “for my name.”
[22:10] 193 tn Heb “and I will establish the throne of his kingdom over Israel permanently.”
[22:11] 194 tn Heb “as he spoke concerning you.”
[22:13] 196 tn Heb “which the
[22:13] 197 tn Or perhaps, “and don’t get discouraged.”
[22:14] 198 tn Heb “and look, in my affliction [or perhaps, “poverty”] I have supplied for the house of the
[22:14] 199 tn See the note on the word “talents” in 19:6.
[22:14] 200 tn Heb “a thousand thousands.”
[22:15] 201 tn Heb “craftsmen of stone and wood.”
[22:16] 202 tn Heb “and every kind of skilled one in all work, concerning gold, concerning silver, and concerning bronze, and concerning iron, there is no numbering.”
[22:18] 204 tn The words “he told them” are added in the translation for clarity and for stylistic reasons.
[22:18] 205 tn In the Hebrew text the statement is phrased as a rhetorical question, “Is not the
[22:18] 206 tn Heb “and he gives rest to you all around.”
[22:19] 209 tn Heb “now give your heart and your being to seek the
[22:19] 210 tn Heb “to bring.”
