Acts 10:7-18

10:7 When the angel who had spoken to him departed, Cornelius ¹  called two of his personal servants ²  and a devout soldier from among those who served him, ³  10:8 and when he had explained everything to them, he sent them to Joppa.

10:9 About noon ⁴  the next day, while they were on their way and approaching ⁵  the city, Peter went up on the roof ⁶  to pray. 10:10 He became hungry and wanted to eat, but while they were preparing the meal, a trance came over him. ⁷  10:11 He ⁸  saw heaven ⁹  opened ¹⁰  and an object something like a large sheet ¹¹  descending, ¹²  being let down to earth ¹³  by its four corners. 10:12 In it ¹⁴  were all kinds of four-footed animals and reptiles ¹⁵  of the earth and wild birds. ¹⁶  10:13 Then ¹⁷  a voice said ¹⁸  to him, “Get up, Peter; slaughter ¹⁹  and eat!” 10:14 But Peter said, “Certainly not, Lord, for I have never eaten anything defiled and ritually unclean!” ²⁰  10:15 The voice ²¹  spoke to him again, a second time, “What God has made clean, you must not consider ²²  ritually unclean!” ²³  10:16 This happened three times, and immediately the object was taken up into heaven. ²⁴ 

10:17 Now while Peter was puzzling over ²⁵  what the vision he had seen could signify, the men sent by Cornelius had learned where Simon’s house was ²⁶  and approached ²⁷  the gate. 10:18 They ²⁸  called out to ask if Simon, known as Peter, ²⁹  was staying there as a guest.

[10:7]  ¹ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Cornelius) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[10:7]  ² tn Or “domestic servants.” The Greek word here is οἰκέτης (oiketh"), which technically refers to a member of the household, but usually means a household servant (slave) or personal servant rather than a field laborer.

[10:7]  ³ tn The meaning of the genitive participle προσκαρτερούντων (proskarterountwn) could either be “a soldier from the ranks of those who served him” (referring to his entire command) or “a soldier from among his personal staff” (referring to a group of soldiers who were his personal attendants). The translation “from among those who served him” is general enough to cover either possibility.

[10:9]  ⁴ tn Grk “about the sixth hour.”

[10:9]  ⁵ tn The participles ὁδοιπορούντων (Jodoiporountwn, “while they were on their way”) and ἐγγιζόντων (engizontwn, “approaching”) have been translated as temporal participles.

[10:9]  ⁶ sn Went up on the roof. Most of the roofs in the NT were flat roofs made of pounded dirt, sometimes mixed with lime or stones, supported by heavy wooden beams. They generally had an easy means of access, either a sturdy wooden ladder or stone stairway, sometimes on the outside of the house.

[10:10]  ⁷ tn The traditional translation, “he fell into a trance,” is somewhat idiomatic; it is based on the textual variant ἐπέπεσεν (epepesen, “he fell”) found in the Byzantine text but almost certainly not original.

[10:11]  ⁸ tn Grk “And he.” Because of the length of the Greek sentence, the conjunction καί (kai) has not been translated here. Instead a new English sentence is begun.

[10:11]  ⁹ tn Or “the sky” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”).

[10:11]  ¹⁰ tn On the heavens “opening,” see Matt 3:16; Luke 3:21; Rev 19:11 (cf. BDAG 84 s.v. ἀνοίγω 2). This is the language of a vision or a revelatory act of God.

[10:11]  ¹¹ tn Or “a large linen cloth” (the term was used for the sail of a ship; BDAG 693 s.v. ὀθόνη).

[10:11]  ¹² tn Or “coming down.”

[10:11]  ¹³ tn Or “to the ground.”

[10:12]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “in which.” The relative pronoun was replaced by the pronoun “it,” and a new sentence was begun in the translation at this point to improve the English style.

[10:12]  ¹⁵ tn Or “snakes.” Grk “creeping things.” According to L&N 4.51, in most biblical contexts the term (due to the influence of Hebrew classifications such as Gen 1:25-26, 30) included small four-footed animals like rats, mice, frogs, toads, salamanders, and lizards. In this context, however, where “creeping things” are contrasted with “four-footed animals,” the English word “reptiles,” which primarily but not exclusively designates snakes, is probably more appropriate. See also Gen 6:20, as well as the law making such creatures unclean food in Lev 11:2-47.

[10:12]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “the birds of the sky” or “the birds of the heaven”; the Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) may be translated either “sky” or “heaven,” depending on the context. The idiomatic expression “birds of the sky” refers to wild birds as opposed to domesticated fowl (cf. BDAG 809 s.v. πετεινόν).

[10:13]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “And there came.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.

[10:13]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “a voice to him”; the word “said” is not in the Greek text but is implied.

[10:13]  ¹⁹ tn Or “kill.” Traditionally θῦσον (quson) is translated “kill,” but in the case of animals intended for food, “slaughter” is more appropriate.

[10:14]  ²⁰ tn Possibly there is a subtle distinction in meaning between κοινός (koinos) and ἀκάθαρτος (akaqarto") here, but according to L&N 53.39 it is difficult to determine precise differences in meaning based on existing contexts.

[10:15]  ²¹ tn Grk “And the voice.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[10:15]  ²² tn Or “declare.”

[10:15]  ²³ sn For the significance of this vision see Mark 7:14-23; Rom 14:14; Eph 2:11-22. God directed this change in practice.

[10:16]  ²⁴ tn Or “into the sky” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”).

[10:17]  ²⁵ tn Or “was greatly confused over.” The term means to be perplexed or at a loss (BDAG 235 s.v. διαπορέω).

[10:17]  ²⁶ tn Grk “having learned.” The participle διερωτήσαντες (dierwthsante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[10:17]  ²⁷ tn BDAG 418 s.v. ἐφίστημι 1 has “ἐπί τι approach or stand by someth. (Sir 41:24) Ac 10:17.”

[10:18]  ²⁸ tn Grk “and.” Because of the length of the Greek sentence, the conjunction καί (kai) has not been translated here. Instead a new English sentence is begun by supplying the pronoun “they” as the subject of the following verb.

[10:18]  ²⁹ tn Grk “Simon, the one called Peter.” This qualification was necessary because the owner of the house was also named Simon (Acts 9:43).