Galatians 1:3

1:3 Grace and peace to you ¹  from God the Father and our ²  Lord Jesus Christ,

Galatians 1:12

1:12 For I did not receive it or learn it from any human source; ³  instead I received it ⁴  by a revelation of Jesus Christ. ⁵ 

Galatians 1:22

1:22 But I was personally ⁶  unknown to the churches of Judea that are in Christ.

Galatians 3:24

3:24 Thus the law had become our guardian ⁷  until Christ, so that we could be declared righteous ⁸  by faith.

Galatians 3:26

3:26 For in Christ Jesus you are all sons of God through faith. ⁹ 

Galatians 3:29

3:29 And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s descendants, ¹⁰  heirs according to the promise.

Galatians 4:19

4:19 My children – I am again undergoing birth pains until Christ is formed in you! ¹¹ 

Galatians 5:4

5:4 You who are trying to be declared righteous ¹²  by the law have been alienated ¹³  from Christ; you have fallen away from grace!

Galatians 6:2

6:2 Carry one another’s burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ.

Galatians 6:18

6:18 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be ¹⁴  with your spirit, brothers and sisters. ¹⁵  Amen.

[1:3]  ¹ tn Grk “Grace to you and peace.”

[1:3]  ² tc ‡ The unusual order καὶ κυρίου ἡμῶν (kai kuriou Jhmwn), which produces the reading “our Lord Jesus Christ” instead of “God our Father,” is read by Ì^46,51vid B D F G H 1739 1881 Ï sy sa, while the more normal ἡμῶν καὶ κυρίου (Jhmwn kai kuriou) is found in א A P Ψ 33 81 326 365 2464 pc. Thus, the reading adopted in the translation is more widespread geographically and is found in the two earliest witnesses, along with several good representatives of the Alexandrian, Western, and Byzantine texttypes. Internally, there would be a strong motivation for scribes to change the order: “from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ” is Paul’s normal greeting; here alone is the pronoun attached to “Jesus Christ” (except in the pastorals, though the greeting in these letters is nevertheless unlike the rest of the corpus Paulinum). Intrinsically, the chosen reading is superior as well: Scribes would be prone to emulate Paul’s regular style, while in an early letter such as this one his regular style was yet to be established (for a similar situation, cf. the text-critical discussion at 1 Thess 1:1). Hence, there is a strong probability that the reading in the translation is authentic. Although B. M. Metzger argues that “the apostle’s stereotyped formula was altered by copyists who, apparently in the interest of Christian piety, transferred the possessive pronoun so it would be more closely associated with ‘Lord Jesus Christ’” (TCGNT 520), one might expect to see the same alterations in other Pauline letters. That this is not the case argues for “our Lord Jesus Christ” as the authentic reading here.

[1:12]  ³ tn Or “I did not receive it from a human source, nor was I taught it.”

[1:12]  ⁴ tn The words “I received it” are not in the Greek text but are implied.

[1:12]  ⁵ tn It is difficult to determine what kind of genitive ᾿Ιησοῦ Χριστοῦ (Ihsou Cristou) is. If it is a subjective genitive, the meaning is “a revelation from Jesus Christ” but if objective genitive, it is “a revelation about Jesus Christ.” Most likely this is objective since the explanation in vv. 15-16 mentions God revealing the Son to Paul so that he might preach, although the idea of a direct revelation to Paul at some point cannot be ruled out.

[1:22]  ⁵ tn Or “by sight”; Grk “by face.”

[3:24]  ⁷ tn Or “disciplinarian,” “custodian,” or “guide.” According to BDAG 748 s.v. παιδαγωγός, “the man, usu. a slave…whose duty it was to conduct a boy or youth…to and from school and to superintend his conduct gener.; he was not a ‘teacher’ (despite the present mng. of the derivative ‘pedagogue’…When the young man became of age, the π. was no longer needed.” L&N 36.5 gives “guardian, leader, guide” here.

[3:24]  ⁸ tn Or “be justified.”

[3:26]  ⁹ tn Or “For you are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus.”

[3:29]  ¹¹ tn Grk “seed.” See the note on the first occurrence of the word “descendant” in 3:16.

[4:19]  ¹³ tn Grk “My children, for whom I am again undergoing birth pains until Christ is formed in you.” The relative clauses in English do not pick up the emotional force of Paul’s language here (note “tone of voice” in v. 20, indicating that he is passionately concerned for them); hence, the translation has been altered slightly to capture the connotative power of Paul’s plea.

[5:4]  ¹⁵ tn Or “trying to be justified.” The verb δικαιοῦσθε (dikaiousqe) has been translated as a conative present (see ExSyn 534).

[5:4]  ¹⁶ tn Or “estranged”; BDAG 526 s.v. καταργέω 4 states, “Of those who aspire to righteousness through the law κ. ἀπὸ Χριστοῦ be estranged from Christ Gal 5:4.”

[6:18]  ¹⁷ tn Or “is.” No verb is stated, but a wish (“be”) rather than a declarative statement (“is”) is most likely in a concluding greeting such as this.

[6:18]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:11.