Galatians 2:16

2:16 yet we know ¹  that no one ²  is justified by the works of the law ³  but by the faithfulness of Jesus Christ. ⁴  And ⁵  we have come to believe in Christ Jesus, so that we may be justified by the faithfulness of Christ ⁶  and not by the works of the law, because by the works of the law no one ⁷  will be justified.

Galatians 2:1

Confirmation from the Jerusalem Apostles

2:1 Then after fourteen years I went up to Jerusalem ⁸  again with Barnabas, taking Titus along too.

Galatians 1:1

Salutation

1:1 From Paul, ⁹  an apostle (not from men, nor by human agency, but by Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised him from the dead)

Job 9:3

9:3 If someone wishes ¹⁰  to contend ¹¹  with him,

he cannot answer ¹²  him one time in a thousand.

Job 40:4

40:4 “Indeed, I am completely unworthy ¹³  – how could I reply to you?

I put ¹⁴  my hand over my mouth to silence myself. ¹⁵ 

Job 42:6

42:6 Therefore I despise myself, ¹⁶ 

and I repent in dust and ashes!

Psalms 19:12

19:12 Who can know all his errors? ¹⁷ 

Please do not punish me for sins I am unaware of. ¹⁸ 

Psalms 130:3-4

130:3 If you, O Lord, were to keep track of ¹⁹  sins,

O Lord, who could stand before you? ²⁰ 

130:4 But ²¹  you are willing to forgive, ²² 

so that you might ²³  be honored. ²⁴ 

Psalms 143:2

143:2 Do not sit in judgment on ²⁵  your servant,

for no one alive is innocent before you. ²⁶ 

Ecclesiastes 7:20

7:20 For ²⁷  there is not one truly ²⁸  righteous person on the earth

who continually does good and never sins.

Isaiah 6:5

6:5 I said, “Too bad for me! I am destroyed, ²⁹  for my lips are contaminated by sin, ³⁰  and I live among people whose lips are contaminated by sin. ³¹  My eyes have seen the king, the Lord who commands armies.” ³² 

Isaiah 53:6

53:6 All of us had wandered off like sheep;

each of us had strayed off on his own path,

but the Lord caused the sin of all of us to attack him. ³³ 

Isaiah 64:6

64:6 We are all like one who is unclean,

all our so-called righteous acts are like a menstrual rag in your sight. ³⁴ 

We all wither like a leaf;

our sins carry us away like the wind.

James 3:2

3:2 For we all stumble ³⁵  in many ways. If someone does not stumble ³⁶  in what he says, ³⁷  he is a perfect individual, ³⁸  able to control the entire body as well.

James 3:1

The Power of the Tongue

3:1 Not many of you should become teachers, my brothers and sisters, ³⁹  because you know that we will be judged more strictly. ⁴⁰ 

James 1:8-10

1:8 since he is a double-minded individual, ⁴¹  unstable in all his ways.

1:9 Now the believer ⁴²  of humble means ⁴³  should take pride ⁴⁴  in his high position. ⁴⁵  1:10 But the rich person’s pride should be in his humiliation, because he will pass away like a wildflower in the meadow. ⁴⁶ 

Revelation 5:9

5:9 They were singing a new song: ⁴⁷ 

“You are worthy to take the scroll

and to open its seals

because you were killed, ⁴⁸ 

and at the cost of your own blood ⁴⁹  you have purchased ⁵⁰  for God

persons ⁵¹  from every tribe, language, ⁵²  people, and nation.

Revelation 7:14-15

7:14 So ⁵³  I said to him, “My lord, you know the answer.” ⁵⁴  Then ⁵⁵  he said to me, “These are the ones who have come out of the great tribulation. They ⁵⁶  have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb! 7:15 For this reason they are before the throne of God, and they serve ⁵⁷  him day and night in his temple, and the one seated on the throne will shelter them. ⁵⁸ 

[2:16]  ¹ tn Grk “yet knowing”; the participle εἰδότες (eidotes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[2:16]  ² tn Grk “no man,” but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used here in a generic sense, referring to both men and women.

[2:16]  ³ sn The law is a reference to the law of Moses.

[2:16]  ⁴ tn Or “faith in Jesus Christ.” A decision is difficult here. Though traditionally translated “faith in Jesus Christ,” an increasing number of NT scholars are arguing that πίστις Χριστοῦ (pisti" Cristou) and similar phrases in Paul (here and in v. 20; Rom 3:22, 26; Gal 3:22; Eph 3:12; Phil 3:9) involve a subjective genitive and mean “Christ’s faith” or “Christ’s faithfulness” (cf., e.g., G. Howard, “The ‘Faith of Christ’,” ExpTim 85 [1974]: 212-15; R. B. Hays, The Faith of Jesus Christ [SBLDS]; Morna D. Hooker, “Πίστις Χριστοῦ,” NTS 35 [1989]: 321-42). Noteworthy among the arguments for the subjective genitive view is that when πίστις takes a personal genitive it is almost never an objective genitive (cf. Matt 9:2, 22, 29; Mark 2:5; 5:34; 10:52; Luke 5:20; 7:50; 8:25, 48; 17:19; 18:42; 22:32; Rom 1:8; 12; 3:3; 4:5, 12, 16; 1 Cor 2:5; 15:14, 17; 2 Cor 10:15; Phil 2:17; Col 1:4; 2:5; 1 Thess 1:8; 3:2, 5, 10; 2 Thess 1:3; Titus 1:1; Phlm 6; 1 Pet 1:9, 21; 2 Pet 1:5). On the other hand, the objective genitive view has its adherents: A. Hultgren, “The Pistis Christou Formulations in Paul,” NovT 22 (1980): 248-63; J. D. G. Dunn, “Once More, ΠΙΣΤΙΣ ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ,” SBL Seminar Papers, 1991, 730-44. Most commentaries on Romans and Galatians usually side with the objective view.

[2:16]  ⁵ tn In Greek this is a continuation of the preceding sentence, but the construction is too long and complex for contemporary English style, so a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[2:16]  ⁶ tn Or “by faith in Christ.” See comment above on “the faithfulness of Jesus Christ.”

[2:16]  ⁷ tn Or “no human being”; Grk “flesh.”

[2:1]  ⁸ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[1:1]  ⁹ tn Grk “Paul.” The word “from” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.

[9:3]  ¹⁰ tn Some commentators take God to be the subject of this verb, but it is more likely that it refers to the mortal who tries to challenge God in a controversy. The verb is used of Job in 13:3.

[9:3]  ¹¹ tn The verb רִיב (riv) is a common one; it has the idea of “contention; dispute; legal dispute or controversy; go to law.” With the preposition אִם (’im) the idea must be “to contend with” or “to dispute with.” The preposition reflects the prepositional phrase “with God” in v. 2, supporting the view that man is the subject.

[9:3]  ¹² tn This use of the imperfect as potential imperfect assumes that the human is the subject, that in a dispute with God he could not answer one of God’s questions (for which see the conclusion of the book when God questions Job). On the other hand, if the interpretation were that God does not answer the demands of mortals, then a simple progressive imperfect would be required. In support of this is the frustration of Job that God does not answer him.

[40:4]  ¹³ tn The word קַלֹּתִי (qalloti) means “to be light; to be of small account; to be unimportant.” From this comes the meaning “contemptible,” which in the causative stem would mean “to treat with contempt; to curse.” Dhorme tries to make the sentence a conditional clause and suggests this meaning: “If I have been thoughtless.” There is really no “if” in Job’s mind.

[40:4]  ¹⁴ tn The perfect verb here should be classified as an instantaneous perfect; the action is simultaneous with the words.

[40:4]  ¹⁵ tn The words “to silence myself” are supplied in the translation for clarity.

[42:6]  ¹⁶ tn Or “despise what I said.” There is no object on the verb; Job could be despising himself or the things he said (see L. J. Kuyper, “Repentance of Job,” VT 9 [1959]: 91-94).

[19:12]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “Errors who can discern?” This rhetorical question makes the point that perfect moral discernment is impossible to achieve. Consequently it is inevitable that even those with good intentions will sin on occasion.

[19:12]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “declare me innocent from hidden [things],” i.e., sins. In this context (see the preceding line) “hidden” sins are not sins committed in secret, but sins which are not recognized as such by the psalmist.

[130:3]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “observe.”

[130:3]  ²⁰ tn The words “before you” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The psalmist must be referring to standing before God’s judgment seat. The rhetorical question expects the answer, “No one.”

[130:4]  ²¹ tn Or “surely.”

[130:4]  ²² tn Heb “for with you [there is] forgiveness.”

[130:4]  ²³ tn Or “consequently you are.”

[130:4]  ²⁴ tn Heb “feared.”

[143:2]  ²⁵ tn Heb “do not enter into judgment with.”

[143:2]  ²⁶ tn Heb “for no one living is innocent before you.”

[7:20]  ²⁷ tn The introductory particle כִּי (ki) is rendered variously: “for” (KJV); “indeed” (NASB); not translated (NIV); “for” (NJPS). The particle functions in an explanatory sense, explaining the need for wisdom in v. 19. Righteousness alone cannot always protect a person from calamity (7:15-16); therefore, something additional, such as wisdom, is needed. The need for wisdom as protection from calamity is particularly evident in the light of the fact that no one is truly righteous (7:19-20).

[7:20]  ²⁸ tn The term “truly” does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarity. Qoheleth does not deny the existence of some people who are relatively righteous.

[6:5]  ²⁹ tn Isaiah uses the suffixed (perfect) form of the verb for rhetorical purposes. In this way his destruction is described as occurring or as already completed. Rather than understanding the verb as derived from דָּמַה (damah, “be destroyed”), some take it from a proposed homonymic root דמה, which would mean “be silent.” In this case, one might translate, “I must be silent.”

[6:5]  ³⁰ tn Heb “a man unclean of lips am I.” Isaiah is not qualified to praise the king. His lips (the instruments of praise) are “unclean” because he has been contaminated by sin.

[6:5]  ³¹ tn Heb “and among a nation unclean of lips I live.”

[6:5]  ³² tn Perhaps in this context, the title has a less militaristic connotation and pictures the Lord as the ruler of the heavenly assembly. See the note at 1:9.

[53:6]  ³³ tn Elsewhere the Hiphil of פָגַע (paga’) means “to intercede verbally” (Jer 15:11; 36:25) or “to intervene militarily” (Isa 59:16), but neither nuance fits here. Apparently here the Hiphil is the causative of the normal Qal meaning, “encounter, meet, touch.” The Qal sometimes refers to a hostile encounter or attack; when used in this way the object is normally introduced by the preposition -בְּ (bet, see Josh 2:16; Judg 8:21; 15:12, etc.). Here the causative Hiphil has a double object – the Lord makes “sin” attack “him” (note that the object attacked is introduced by the preposition -בְּ. In their sin the group was like sheep who had wandered from God’s path. They were vulnerable to attack; the guilt of their sin was ready to attack and destroy them. But then the servant stepped in and took the full force of the attack.

[64:6]  ³⁴ tn Heb “and like a garment of menstruation [are] all our righteous acts”; KJV, NIV “filthy rags”; ASV “a polluted garment.”

[3:2]  ³⁵ tn Or “fail.”

[3:2]  ³⁶ tn Or “fail.”

[3:2]  ³⁷ tn Grk “in speech.”

[3:2]  ³⁸ tn The word for “man” or “individual” is ἀνήρ (anhr), which often means “male” or “man (as opposed to woman).” But it sometimes is used generically to mean “anyone,” “a person,” as here (cf. BDAG 79 s.v. 2).

[3:1]  ³⁹ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:2.

[3:1]  ⁴⁰ tn Grk “will receive a greater judgment.”

[1:8]  ⁴¹ tn Grk “a man of two minds,” continuing the description of the person in v. 7, giving the reason that he cannot expect to receive anything. The word for “man” or “individual” is ἀνήρ (anhr), which often means “male” or “man (as opposed to woman).” But it sometimes is used generically to mean “anyone,” “a person,” as here (cf. BDAG 79 s.v. 2).

[1:9]  ⁴² tn Grk “brother.” Here the term “brother” means “fellow believer” or “fellow Christian” (cf. TEV, NLT “Christians”; CEV “God’s people”). The term broadly connotes familial relationships within the family of God (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 2.a).

[1:9]  ⁴³ tn Grk “the lowly brother,” but “lowly/humble” is clarified in context by the contrast with “wealthy” in v. 10.

[1:9]  ⁴⁴ tn Grk “let him boast.”

[1:9]  ⁴⁵ tn Grk “his height,” “his exaltation.”

[1:10]  ⁴⁶ tn Grk “a flower of grass.”

[5:9]  ⁴⁷ tn The redundant participle λέγοντες (legontes) has not been translated here.

[5:9]  ⁴⁸ tn Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.”

[5:9]  ⁴⁹ tn The preposition ἐν (en) is taken to indicate price here, like the Hebrew preposition ב (bet) does at times. BDAG 329 s.v. ἐν 5.b states, “The ἐν which takes the place of the gen. of price is also instrumental ἠγόρασας ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου Rv 5:9 (cp. 1 Ch 21:24 ἀγοράζω ἐν ἀργυρίῳ).”

[5:9]  ⁵⁰ tc The Greek text as it stands above (i.e., the reading τῷ θεῷ [tw qew] alone) is found in codex A. א 2050 2344 Ï sy add the term “us” (ἡμᾶς, Jhmas), either before or after τῷ θεῷ, as an attempt to clarify the object of “purchased” (ἠγόρασας, hgorasa"). A few mss (1 vg^ms) delete the reference to God altogether and simply replace it with “us” (ἡμᾶς). This too is an attempt to remove ambiguity in the phrase and provide an object for “purchased.” The shorter reading, supported by the best witness for Revelation, best accounts for the other readings.

[5:9]  ⁵¹ tn The word “persons” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.

[5:9]  ⁵² tn Grk “and language,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[7:14]  ⁵³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the previous question.

[7:14]  ⁵⁴ tn Though the expression “the answer” is not in the Greek text, it is clearly implied. Direct objects in Greek were frequently omitted when clear from the context.

[7:14]  ⁵⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[7:14]  ⁵⁶ tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[7:15]  ⁵⁷ tn Or “worship.” The word here is λατρεύω (latreuw).

[7:15]  ⁵⁸ tn Grk “will spread his tent over them,” normally an idiom for taking up residence with someone, but when combined with the preposition ἐπί (epi, “over”) the idea is one of extending protection or shelter (BDAG 929 s.v. σκηνόω).