Joshua 10:22-27

10:22 Joshua said, “Open the cave’s mouth and bring the five kings ¹  out of the cave to me.” 10:23 They did as ordered; ²  they brought the five kings ³  out of the cave to him – the kings of Jerusalem, ⁴  Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon. 10:24 When they brought the kings out to Joshua, he ⁵  summoned all the men of Israel and said to the commanders of the troops who accompanied him, “Come here ⁶  and put your feet on the necks of these kings.” So they came up ⁷  and put their feet on their necks. 10:25 Then Joshua said to them, “Don’t be afraid and don’t panic! ⁸  Be strong and brave, for the Lord will do the same thing to all your enemies you fight. 10:26 Then Joshua executed them ⁹  and hung them on five trees. They were left hanging on the trees until evening. 10:27 At sunset Joshua ordered his men to take them down from the trees. ¹⁰  They threw them into the cave where they had hidden and piled large stones over the mouth of the cave. (They remain to this very day.) ¹¹ 

Joshua 11:1-15

Israel Defeats a Northern Coalition

11:1 When King Jabin of Hazor ¹²  heard the news, he organized a coalition, including ¹³  King Jobab of Madon, the king of Shimron, the king of Acshaph, 11:2 and the northern kings who ruled in ¹⁴  the hill country, the Arabah south of Kinnereth, ¹⁵  the lowlands, and the heights of Dor to the west. 11:3 Canaanites came ¹⁶  from the east and west; Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, and Jebusites from the hill country; and Hivites from below Hermon in the area ¹⁷  of Mizpah. 11:4 These kings came out with their armies; they were as numerous as the sand on the seashore and had a large number of horses and chariots. ¹⁸  11:5 All these kings gathered and joined forces ¹⁹  at the Waters of Merom to fight Israel.

11:6 The Lord told Joshua, “Don’t be afraid of them, for about this time tomorrow I will cause all of them to lie dead before Israel. You must hamstring their horses and burn ²⁰  their chariots.” 11:7 Joshua and his whole army caught them by surprise at the Waters of Merom and attacked them. ²¹  11:8 The Lord handed them over to Israel and they struck them down and chased them all the way to Greater Sidon, ²²  Misrephoth Maim, ²³  and the Mizpah Valley to the east. They struck them down until no survivors remained. 11:9 Joshua did to them as the Lord had commanded him; he hamstrung their horses and burned ²⁴  their chariots.

11:10 At that time Joshua turned, captured Hazor, ²⁵  and struck down its king with the sword, for Hazor was at that time ²⁶  the leader of all these kingdoms. 11:11 They annihilated everyone who lived there with the sword ²⁷  – no one who breathed remained – and burned ²⁸  Hazor.

11:12 Joshua captured all these royal cities and all their kings and annihilated them with the sword, ²⁹  as Moses the Lord’s servant had commanded. 11:13 But Israel did not burn any of the cities located on mounds, ³⁰  except for Hazor; ³¹  it was the only one Joshua burned. 11:14 The Israelites plundered all the goods of these cities and the cattle, but they totally destroyed all the people ³²  and allowed no one who breathed to live. 11:15 Moses the Lord’s servant passed on the Lord’s commands to Joshua, and Joshua did as he was told. He did not ignore any of the commands the Lord had given Moses. ³³ 

Psalms 48:4-6

48:4 For ³⁴  look, the kings assemble; ³⁵ 

they advance together.

48:5 As soon as they see, ³⁶  they are shocked; ³⁷ 

they are terrified, they quickly retreat. ³⁸ 

48:6 Look at them shake uncontrollably, ³⁹ 

like a woman writhing in childbirth. ⁴⁰ 

Psalms 68:12-14

68:12 Kings leading armies run away – they run away! ⁴¹ 

The lovely lady ⁴²  of the house divides up the loot.

68:13 When ⁴³  you lie down among the sheepfolds, ⁴⁴ 

the wings of the dove are covered with silver

and with glittering gold. ⁴⁵ 

68:14 When the sovereign judge ⁴⁶  scatters kings, ⁴⁷ 

let it snow ⁴⁸  on Zalmon!

Psalms 118:8-12

118:8 It is better to take shelter ⁴⁹  in the Lord

than to trust in people.

118:9 It is better to take shelter in the Lord

than to trust in princes.

118:10 All the nations surrounded me. ⁵⁰ 

Indeed, in the name of the Lord ⁵¹  I pushed them away. ⁵² 

118:11 They surrounded me, yes, they surrounded me.

Indeed, in the name of the Lord I pushed them away.

118:12 They surrounded me like bees.

But they disappeared as quickly ⁵³  as a fire among thorns. ⁵⁴ 

Indeed, in the name of the Lord I pushed them away.

Revelation 17:12-14

17:12 The ⁵⁵  ten horns that you saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but will receive ruling authority ⁵⁶  as kings with the beast for one hour. 17:13 These kings ⁵⁷  have a single intent, and they will give their power and authority to the beast. 17:14 They will make war with the Lamb, but the Lamb will conquer them, because he is Lord of lords and King of kings, and those accompanying ⁵⁸  the Lamb are the called, chosen, and faithful.”

Revelation 19:19

19:19 Then ⁵⁹  I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies assembled to do battle with the one who rode the horse and with his army.

[10:22]  ¹ tn Heb “these five kings.”

[10:23]  ² tn Heb “they did so.”

[10:23]  ³ tn Heb “these five kings.”

[10:23]  ⁴ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[10:24]  ⁵ tn Heb “Joshua.” The translation has replaced the proper name with the pronoun (“he”) because a repetition of the proper name here would be redundant according to English style.

[10:24]  ⁶ tn Or “Draw near.”

[10:24]  ⁷ tn Or “drew near.”

[10:25]  ⁸ tn Or perhaps “and don’t get discouraged!”

[10:26]  ⁹ tn Heb “struck them down and killed them.”

[10:27]  ¹⁰ sn For the legal background of the removal of the corpses before sundown, see Deut 21:22-23.

[10:27]  ¹¹ tn Heb “to this very day.” The words “They remain” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

[11:1]  ¹² map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.

[11:1]  ¹³ tn Heb “he sent to.”

[11:2]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “and to the kings who [are] from the north in.”

[11:2]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “Chinneroth,” a city and plain located in the territory of Naphtali in Galilee (BDB 490 s.v. כִּנֶּרֶת, כִּנֲרוֹת).

[11:3]  ¹⁶ tn The verb “came” is supplied in the translation (see v. 4).

[11:3]  ¹⁷ tn Or “land.”

[11:4]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “They and all their camps with them came out, a people as numerous as the sand which is on the edge of the sea in multitude, and [with] horses and chariots very numerous.”

[11:5]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “and came and camped together.”

[11:6]  ²⁰ tn Heb “burn with fire”; the words “with fire” are redundant in English and have not been included in the translation.

[11:7]  ²¹ tn Heb “Joshua and all the people of war with him came upon them at the Waters of Merom suddenly and fell upon them.”

[11:8]  ²² map For location see Map1 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.

[11:8]  ²³ tn The meaning of the Hebrew name “Misrephoth Maim” is perhaps “lime-kilns by the water” (see HALOT 2:641).

[11:9]  ²⁴ tn Heb “burned with fire”; the words “with fire” are redundant in English and have not been included in the translation.

[11:10]  ²⁵ map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.

[11:10]  ²⁶ tn Or “formerly.”

[11:11]  ²⁷ tn Heb “and they struck down all life which was in it with the edge of the sword, annihilating.”

[11:11]  ²⁸ tn Heb “burned with fire”; the words “with fire” are redundant in English and have not been included in the translation.

[11:12]  ²⁹ tn Heb “and he struck them down with the edge of the sword, he annihilated them.”

[11:13]  ³⁰ tn Heb “standing on their mounds.”

[11:13]  ³¹ map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.

[11:14]  ³² tn Heb “but all the people they struck down with the edge of the sword until they destroyed them.”

[11:15]  ³³ tn Heb “As the Lord commanded Moses his servant, so Moses commanded Joshua, and Joshua acted accordingly; he did not turn aside a thing from all which the Lord commanded Moses.”

[48:4]  ³⁴ tn The logical connection between vv. 3-4 seems to be this: God is the protector of Zion and reveals himself as the city’s defender – this is necessary because hostile armies threaten the city.

[48:4]  ³⁵ tn The perfect verbal forms in vv. 4-6 are understood as descriptive. In dramatic style (note הִנֵּה, hinneh, “look”) the psalm describes an enemy attack against the city as if it were occurring at this very moment. Another option is to take the perfects as narrational (“the kings assembled, they advanced”), referring to a particular historical event, such as Sennacherib’s siege of the city in 701 b.c. (cf. NIV, NRSV). Even if one translates the verses in a dramatic-descriptive manner (as the present translation does), the Lord’s victory over the Assyrians was probably what served as the inspiration of the description (see v. 8).

[48:5]  ³⁶ tn The object of “see” is omitted, but v. 3b suggests that the Lord’s self-revelation as the city’s defender is what they see.

[48:5]  ³⁷ tn Heb “they look, so they are shocked.” Here כֵּן (ken, “so”) has the force of “in the same measure.”

[48:5]  ³⁸ tn The translation attempts to reflect the staccato style of the Hebrew text, where the main clauses of vv. 4-6 are simply juxtaposed without connectives.

[48:6]  ³⁹ tn Heb “trembling seizes them there.” The adverb שָׁם (sham, “there”) is used here, as often in poetic texts, to point “to a spot in which a scene is localized vividly in the imagination” (BDB 1027 s.v.).

[48:6]  ⁴⁰ tn Heb “[with] writhing like one giving birth.”

[68:12]  ⁴¹ tn The verbal repetition draws attention to the statement.

[68:12]  ⁴² tn The Hebrew form appears to be the construct of נוּה (nuh, “pasture”) but the phrase “pasture of the house” makes no sense here. The translation assumes that the form is an alternative or corruption of נצוה (“beautiful woman”). A reference to a woman would be appropriate in light of v. 11b.

[68:13]  ⁴³ tn Or “if.”

[68:13]  ⁴⁴ tn The meaning of the Hebrew word translated “sheepfolds” is uncertain. There may be an echo of Judg 5:16 here.

[68:13]  ⁴⁵ tn Heb “and her pinions with the yellow of gold.”

[68:14]  ⁴⁶ tn The divine name used here is שַׁדַּי (“Shaddai”). Shaddai/El Shaddai is the sovereign king/judge of the world who grants life, blesses and kills, and judges. In Genesis he blesses the patriarchs with fertility and promises numerous descendants. Outside Genesis he both blesses (protects) and takes away life and/or happiness.

[68:14]  ⁴⁷ tn The Hebrew text adds “in it.” The third feminine singular pronominal suffix may refer back to God’s community/dwelling place (v. 10).

[68:14]  ⁴⁸ tn The verb form appears to be a Hiphil jussive from שָׁלַג (shalag), which is usually understood as a denominative verb from שֶׁלֶג (sheleg, “snow”) with an indefinite subject. The form could be taken as a preterite, in which case one might translate, “when the sovereign judge scattered kings, it snowed on Zalmon” (cf. NIV, NRSV). The point of the image is unclear. Perhaps “snow” suggests fertility and blessing (see v. 9 and Isa 55:10), or the image of a snow-capped mountain suggests grandeur.

[118:8]  ⁴⁹ tn “Taking shelter” in the Lord is an idiom for seeking his protection. Seeking his protection presupposes and even demonstrates the subject’s loyalty to the Lord. In the psalms those who “take shelter” in the Lord are contrasted with the wicked and equated with those who love, fear, and serve the Lord (Pss 5:11-12; 31:17-20; 34:21-22).

[118:10]  ⁵⁰ sn The reference to an attack by the nations suggests the psalmist may have been a military leader.

[118:10]  ⁵¹ tn In this context the phrase “in the name of the Lord” means “by the Lord’s power.”

[118:10]  ⁵² tn Traditionally the verb has been derived from מוּל (mul, “to circumcise”) and translated “[I] cut [them] off” (see BDB 557-58 s.v. II מוּל). However, it is likely that this is a homonym meaning “to fend off” (see HALOT 556 s.v. II מול) or “to push away.” In this context, where the psalmist is reporting his past experience, the prefixed verbal form is best understood as a preterite. The phrase also occurs in vv. 11, 12.

[118:12]  ⁵³ tn Heb “were extinguished.”

[118:12]  ⁵⁴ tn The point seems to be that the hostility of the nations (v. 10) is short-lived, like a fire that quickly devours thorns and then burns out. Some, attempting to create a better parallel with the preceding line, emend דֹּעֲכוּ (do’akhu, “they were extinguished”) to בָּעֲרוּ (ba’aru, “they burned”). In this case the statement emphasizes their hostility.

[17:12]  ⁵⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[17:12]  ⁵⁶ tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

[17:13]  ⁵⁷ tn The word “kings” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to clarify the referent.

[17:14]  ⁵⁸ tn See BDAG 636 s.v. μετά A.2.a.α.

[19:19]  ⁵⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.