Luke 23:1

Jesus Brought Before Pilate

23:1 Then ¹  the whole group of them rose up and brought Jesus ²  before Pilate. ³ 

Luke 23:11

23:11 Even Herod with his soldiers treated him with contempt and mocked him. Then, ⁴  dressing him in elegant clothes, ⁵  Herod ⁶  sent him back to Pilate.

Matthew 27:2

27:2 They ⁷  tied him up, led him away, and handed him over to Pilate ⁸  the governor. ⁹ 

Mark 15:1

Jesus Brought Before Pilate

15:1 Early in the morning, after forming a plan, the chief priests with the elders and the experts in the law ¹⁰  and the whole Sanhedrin tied Jesus up, led him away, and handed him over to Pilate. ¹¹ 

John 18:28

Jesus Brought Before Pilate

18:28 Then they brought Jesus from Caiaphas to the Roman governor’s residence. ¹²  (Now it was very early morning.) ¹³  They ¹⁴  did not go into the governor’s residence ¹⁵  so they would not be ceremonially defiled, but could eat the Passover meal.

John 18:30

18:30 They replied, ¹⁶  “If this man ¹⁷  were not a criminal, ¹⁸  we would not have handed him over to you.” ¹⁹ 

John 18:35

18:35 Pilate answered, “I am not a Jew, am I? ²⁰  Your own people ²¹  and your chief priests handed you over ²²  to me. What have you done?”

Acts 3:13

3:13 The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, ²³  the God of our forefathers, ²⁴  has glorified ²⁵  his servant ²⁶  Jesus, whom you handed over and rejected ²⁷  in the presence of Pilate after he had decided ²⁸  to release him.

[23:1]  ¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[23:1]  ² tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[23:1]  ³ sn Pilate was the Roman prefect (procurator) in charge of collecting taxes and keeping the peace. His immediate superior was the Roman governor (proconsul) of Syria, although the exact nature of this administrative relationship is unknown. Pilate’s relations with the Jews had been rocky (v. 12). Here he is especially sensitive to them.

[23:11]  ⁴ tn This is a continuation of the previous Greek sentence, but because of its length and complexity, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying “then” to indicate the sequence of events.

[23:11]  ⁵ sn This mockery involved putting elegant royal clothes on Jesus, either white or purple (the colors of royalty). This was no doubt a mockery of Jesus’ claim to be a king.

[23:11]  ⁶ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Herod) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[27:2]  ⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

[27:2]  ⁸ tc Most mss (A C W Θ 0250 Ë^1,13 Ï latt) have Ποντίῳ (Pontiw, “Pontius”) before Πιλάτῳ (Pilatw, “Pilate”), but there seems to be no reason for omitting the tribal name, either intentionally or unintentionally. Adding “Pontius,” however, is a natural expansion on the text, and is in keeping with several other NT and patristic references to the Roman governor (cf. Luke 3:1; Acts 4:27; 1 Tim 6:13; Ign. Magn. 11.1; Ign. Trall. 9.1; Ign. Smyrn. 1.2; Justin Martyr, passim). The shorter reading, supported by א B L 0281 33 pc co, is thus strongly preferred.

[27:2]  ⁹ sn The Jews most assuredly wanted to put Jesus to death, but they lacked the authority to do so. For this reason they handed him over to Pilate in hopes of securing a death sentence. The Romans kept close control of the death penalty in conquered territories to prevent it from being used to execute Roman sympathizers.

[15:1]  ¹⁰ tn Or “and the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 1:22.

[15:1]  ¹¹ sn The Jews most assuredly wanted to put Jesus to death, but they lacked the authority to do so. For this reason they handed him over to Pilate in hopes of securing a death sentence. The Romans kept close control of the death penalty in conquered territories to prevent it being used to execute Roman sympathizers.

[18:28]  ¹² tn Grk “to the praetorium.”

[18:28]  ¹³ sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.

[18:28]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “And they.” The conjunction καί (kai, “and”) has not been translated here in keeping with the tendency of contemporary English style to use shorter sentences.

[18:28]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “into the praetorium.”

[18:30]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “They answered and said to him.”

[18:30]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “this one.”

[18:30]  ¹⁸ tn Or “an evildoer”; Grk “one doing evil.”

[18:30]  ¹⁹ tn Or “would not have delivered him over.”

[18:35]  ²⁰ sn Many have seen in Pilate’s reply “I am not a Jew, am I?” the Roman contempt for the Jewish people. Some of that may indeed be present, but strictly speaking, all Pilate affirms is that he, as a Roman, has no firsthand knowledge of Jewish custom or belief. What he knows of Jesus must have come from the Jewish authorities. They are the ones (your own people and your chief priests) who have handed Jesus over to Pilate.

[18:35]  ²¹ tn Or “your own nation.”

[18:35]  ²² tn Or “delivered you over.”

[3:13]  ²³ tc ‡ The repetition of ὁ θεός (Jo qeos, “God”) before the names of Isaac and Jacob is found in Ì⁷⁴ א C (A D without article) 36 104 1175 pc lat. The omission of the second and third ὁ θεός is supported by B E Ψ 33 1739 Ï pc. The other time that Exod 3:6 is quoted in Acts (7:32) the best witnesses also lack the repeated ὁ θεός, but the three other times this OT passage is quoted in the NT the full form, with the thrice-mentioned θεός, is used (Matt 22:32; Mark 12:26; Luke 20:37). Scribes would be prone to conform the wording here to the LXX; the longer reading is thus most likely not authentic. NA²⁷ has the words in brackets, indicating doubts as to their authenticity.

[3:13]  ²⁴ tn Or “ancestors”; Grk “fathers.”

[3:13]  ²⁵ sn Has glorified. Jesus is alive, raised and active, as the healing illustrates so dramatically how God honors him.

[3:13]  ²⁶ sn His servant. The term servant has messianic connotations given the context of the promise, the note of suffering, and the titles and functions noted in vv. 14-15.

[3:13]  ²⁷ tn Or “denied,” “disowned.”

[3:13]  ²⁸ tn This genitive absolute construction could be understood as temporal (“when he had decided”) or concessive (“although he had decided”).