Luke 23:55--24:10

23:55 The ¹  women who had accompanied Jesus ²  from Galilee followed, and they saw the tomb and how his body was laid in it. 23:56 Then ³  they returned and prepared aromatic spices ⁴  and perfumes. ⁵ 

On the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment. ⁶ 

The Resurrection

24:1 Now on the first day ⁷  of the week, at early dawn, the women ⁸  went to the tomb, taking the aromatic spices ⁹  they had prepared. 24:2 They ¹⁰  found that the stone had been rolled away from the tomb, ¹¹  24:3 but when they went in, they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus. ¹²  24:4 While ¹³  they were perplexed ¹⁴  about this, suddenly ¹⁵  two men stood beside them in dazzling ¹⁶  attire. 24:5 The ¹⁷  women ¹⁸  were terribly frightened ¹⁹  and bowed ²⁰  their faces to the ground, but the men said to them, “Why do you look for the living ²¹  among the dead? 24:6 He is not here, but has been raised! ²²  Remember how he told you, while he was still in Galilee, ²³  24:7 that ²⁴  the Son of Man must be delivered ²⁵  into the hands of sinful men, ²⁶  and be crucified, ²⁷  and on the third day rise again.” ²⁸  24:8 Then ²⁹  the women remembered his words, ³⁰  24:9 and when they returned from the tomb they told all these things to the eleven ³¹  and to all the rest. 24:10 Now it was Mary Magdalene, ³²  Joanna, ³³  Mary the mother of James, and the other women with them who told these things to the apostles.

[23:55]  ¹ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[23:55]  ² tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[23:56]  ³ tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[23:56]  ⁴ tn On this term see BDAG 140-41 s.v. ἄρωμα. The Jews did not practice embalming, so these preparations were used to cover the stench of decay and slow decomposition. The women planned to return and anoint the body. But that would have to wait until after the Sabbath.

[23:56]  ⁵ tn Or “ointments.” This was another type of perfumed oil.

[23:56]  ⁶ sn According to the commandment. These women are portrayed as pious, faithful to the law in observing the Sabbath.

[24:1]  ⁷ sn The first day of the week is the day after the Sabbath.

[24:1]  ⁸ tn Grk “they”; the referent (the women mentioned in 23:55) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[24:1]  ⁹ tn On this term see BDAG 140-41 s.v. ἄρωμα. See also the note on “aromatic spices” in 23:56.

[24:2]  ¹⁰ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[24:2]  ¹¹ sn Luke tells the story of the empty tomb with little drama. He simply notes that when they arrived the stone had been rolled away in a position where the tomb could be entered. This large stone was often placed in a channel so that it could be easily moved by rolling it aside. The other possibility is that it was merely placed over the opening in a position from which it had now been moved.

[24:3]  ¹² tc The translation follows the much better attested longer reading here, “body of the Lord Jesus” (found in {Ì⁷⁵ א A B C L W Θ Ψ Ë^1,13 33 565 700 Ï}), rather than simply “the body” (found in D it) or “the body of Jesus” (found in 579 1241 pc). Further, although this is the only time that “Lord Jesus” occurs in Luke, it seems to be Luke’s normal designation for the Lord after his resurrection (note the many references to Christ in this manner in Acts, e.g., 1:21; 4:33; 7:59; 8:16; 11:17; 15:11; 16:31; 19:5; 20:21; 28:31). Although such a longer reading as this would normally be suspect, in this case some scribes, accustomed to Luke’s more abbreviated style, did not take the resurrection into account.

[24:4]  ¹³ tn Grk “And it happened that while.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[24:4]  ¹⁴ tn Or “bewildered.” The term refers to a high state of confusion and anxiety.

[24:4]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “behold.”

[24:4]  ¹⁶ sn The brilliantly shining clothing (dazzling attire) points to the fact that these are angels (see 24:23).

[24:5]  ¹⁷ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[24:5]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “they”; the referent (the women) has been specified in the translation for clarity (the same has been done in v. 8).

[24:5]  ¹⁹ tn Or “They were extremely afraid.”

[24:5]  ²⁰ sn Bowed their faces to the ground. Such respect for angels is common: Dan 7:28; 10:9, 15.

[24:5]  ²¹ sn By referring to Jesus as the living, the angels make it clear that he is alive. There should be no surprise.

[24:6]  ²² tc The phrase “He is not here, but has been raised” is omitted by a few mss (D it), but it has wide ms support and differs slightly from the similar statement in Matt 28:6 and Mark 16:6. Although NA²⁷ places the phrase at the beginning of v. 6, as do most modern English translations, it is omitted from the RSV and placed at the end of v. 5 in the NRSV.

[24:6]  ²³ sn While he was still in Galilee looks back to the beginning of Jesus’ ministry. So the point is that this was announced long ago, and should come as no surprise.

[24:7]  ²⁴ tn Grk “saying that,” but this would be redundant in English. Although the translation represents this sentence as indirect discourse, the Greek could equally be taken as direct discourse: “Remember how he told you, while he was still in Galilee: ‘the Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men, and be crucified, and on the third day rise again.’”

[24:7]  ²⁵ tn See Luke 9:22, 44; 13:33.

[24:7]  ²⁶ tn Because in the historical context the individuals who were primarily responsible for the death of Jesus (the Jewish leadership in Jerusalem in Luke’s view [see Luke 9:22]) would have been men, the translation “sinful men” for ἀνθρώπων ἁμαρτωλῶν (anqrwpwn Jamartwlwn) is retained here.

[24:7]  ²⁷ sn See the note on crucify in 23:21.

[24:7]  ²⁸ tn Here the infinitive ἀναστῆναι (anasthnai) is active rather than passive.

[24:8]  ²⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[24:8]  ³⁰ sn On his words see Luke 9:22.

[24:9]  ³¹ sn Judas is now absent and “the twelve” have now become “the eleven.” Other disciples are also gathered with the remaining eleven.

[24:10]  ³² sn Mary Magdalene is always noted first in the appearance lists in the gospels. It is unusual that the first appearance would involve women as in this culture their role as witnesses would not be well accepted. It is a sign of the veracity of the account, because if an ancient were to create such a story he would never have it start with women.

[24:10]  ³³ sn On Joanna see Luke 8:1-3.