Matthew 27:1-11

Jesus Brought Before Pilate

27:1 When ¹  it was early in the morning, all the chief priests and the elders of the people plotted against Jesus to execute him. 27:2 They ²  tied him up, led him away, and handed him over to Pilate ³  the governor. ⁴ 

Judas’ Suicide

27:3 Now when ⁵  Judas, who had betrayed him, saw that Jesus ⁶  had been condemned, he regretted what he had done and returned the thirty silver coins to the chief priests and the elders, 27:4 saying, “I have sinned by betraying innocent blood!” But they said, “What is that to us? You take care of it yourself!” 27:5 So ⁷  Judas threw the silver coins into the temple and left. Then he went out and hanged himself. 27:6 The ⁸  chief priests took the silver and said, “It is not lawful to put this into the temple treasury, since it is blood money.” 27:7 After ⁹  consulting together they bought the Potter’s Field with it, as a burial place for foreigners. 27:8 For this reason that field has been called the “Field of Blood” to this day. 27:9 Then what was spoken by Jeremiah ¹⁰  the prophet was fulfilled: “They took the thirty silver coins, the price of the one whose price had been set by the people of Israel, ¹¹  27:10 and they gave them for the potter’s field, as the Lord commanded me.” ¹² 

Jesus and Pilate

27:11 Then ¹³  Jesus stood before the governor, and the governor asked him, ¹⁴  “Are you the king ¹⁵  of the Jews?” Jesus ¹⁶  said, “You say so.” ¹⁷ 

[27:1]  ¹ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[27:2]  ² tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

[27:2]  ³ tc Most mss (A C W Θ 0250 Ë^1,13 Ï latt) have Ποντίῳ (Pontiw, “Pontius”) before Πιλάτῳ (Pilatw, “Pilate”), but there seems to be no reason for omitting the tribal name, either intentionally or unintentionally. Adding “Pontius,” however, is a natural expansion on the text, and is in keeping with several other NT and patristic references to the Roman governor (cf. Luke 3:1; Acts 4:27; 1 Tim 6:13; Ign. Magn. 11.1; Ign. Trall. 9.1; Ign. Smyrn. 1.2; Justin Martyr, passim). The shorter reading, supported by א B L 0281 33 pc co, is thus strongly preferred.

[27:2]  ⁴ sn The Jews most assuredly wanted to put Jesus to death, but they lacked the authority to do so. For this reason they handed him over to Pilate in hopes of securing a death sentence. The Romans kept close control of the death penalty in conquered territories to prevent it from being used to execute Roman sympathizers.

[27:3]  ⁵ tn Grk “Then when.” Here τότε (tote) has been translated as “now” to indicate a somewhat parenthetical interlude in the sequence of events.

[27:3]  ⁶ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[27:5]  ⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the leaders’ response to Judas.

[27:6]  ⁸ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[27:7]  ⁹ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[27:9]  ¹⁰ tc The problematic citing of Jeremiah for a text which appears to come from Zechariah has prompted certain scribes to alter it. Codex 22 has Ζαχαρίου (Zacariou, “Zechariah”) while Φ 33 omit the prophet’s name altogether. And codex 21 and the Latin ms l change the prophet’s name to “Isaiah,” in accordance with natural scribal proclivities to alter the text toward the most prominent OT prophet. But unquestionably the name Jeremiah is the wording of the original here, because it is supported by virtually all witnesses and because it is the harder reading. See D. A. Carson, “Matthew,” EBC 8:562-63, for a discussion of the textual and especially hermeneutical problem.

[27:9]  ¹¹ tn Grk “the sons of Israel,” an idiom referring to the people of Israel as an ethnic entity (L&N 11.58).

[27:10]  ¹² sn The source of this citation is debated (see the tc note on Jeremiah in v. 9 above for a related discussion). The quotation is most closely related to Zech 11:12-13, but the reference to Jeremiah in v. 9 as the source leads one to look there as well. There is no exact match for this text in Jeremiah, but there are some conceptual parallels: In Jer 18:2-6 the prophet visits a potter, and in Jer 32:6-15 he buys a field. D. A. Carson argues that Jer 19:1-13 is the source of the quotation augmented with various phrases drawn from Zech 11:12-13 (“Matthew,” EBC 8:563). W. D. Davies and D. C. Allison argue that the reference to Jeremiah is not meant to refer to one specific text from that prophet, but instead to signal that his writings as a whole are a source from which the quotation is drawn (Matthew [ICC], 3:568-69). Although the exact source of the citation is uncertain, it is reasonable to see texts from the books of Jeremiah and Zechariah both coming into play here.

[27:11]  ¹³ tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

[27:11]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “asked him, saying.” The participle λέγων (legwn) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.

[27:11]  ¹⁵ sn “Are you the king of the Jews?” Pilate was interested in this charge because of its political implications of sedition against Rome.

[27:11]  ¹⁶ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[27:11]  ¹⁷ sn The reply “You say so” is somewhat enigmatic, like Jesus’ earlier reply to the Jewish leadership in 26:64.