Discovery BoxMatthew 27:1-23
Context27:1 When 1 it was early in the morning, all the chief priests and the elders of the people plotted against Jesus to execute him. 27:2 They 2 tied him up, led him away, and handed him over to Pilate 3 the governor. 4
27:3 Now when 5 Judas, who had betrayed him, saw that Jesus 6 had been condemned, he regretted what he had done and returned the thirty silver coins to the chief priests and the elders, 27:4 saying, “I have sinned by betraying innocent blood!” But they said, “What is that to us? You take care of it yourself!” 27:5 So 7 Judas threw the silver coins into the temple and left. Then he went out and hanged himself. 27:6 The 8 chief priests took the silver and said, “It is not lawful to put this into the temple treasury, since it is blood money.” 27:7 After 9 consulting together they bought the Potter’s Field with it, as a burial place for foreigners. 27:8 For this reason that field has been called the “Field of Blood” to this day. 27:9 Then what was spoken by Jeremiah 10 the prophet was fulfilled: “They took the thirty silver coins, the price of the one whose price had been set by the people of Israel, 11 27:10 and they gave them for the potter’s field, as the Lord commanded me.” 12
27:11 Then 13 Jesus stood before the governor, and the governor asked him, 14 “Are you the king 15 of the Jews?” Jesus 16 said, “You say so.” 17 27:12 But when he was accused by the chief priests and the elders, he did not respond. 27:13 Then Pilate said to him, “Don’t you hear how many charges they are bringing against you?” 27:14 But he did not answer even one accusation, so that the governor was quite amazed.
27:15 During the feast the governor was accustomed to release one prisoner to the crowd, 18 whomever they wanted. 27:16 At that time they had in custody a notorious prisoner named Jesus 19 Barabbas. 27:17 So after they had assembled, Pilate said to them, “Whom do you want me to release for you, Jesus 20 Barabbas or Jesus who is called the Christ?” 21 27:18 (For he knew that they had handed him over because of envy.) 22 27:19 As 23 he was sitting on the judgment seat, 24 his wife sent a message 25 to him: 26 “Have nothing to do with that innocent man; 27 I have suffered greatly as a result of a dream 28 about him today.” 27:20 But the chief priests and the elders persuaded the crowds to ask for Barabbas and to have Jesus killed. 27:21 The 29 governor asked them, “Which of the two do you want me to release for you?” And they said, “Barabbas!” 27:22 Pilate said to them, “Then what should I do with Jesus who is called the Christ?” 30 They all said, “Crucify him!” 31 27:23 He asked, “Why? What wrong has he done?” But they shouted more insistently, “Crucify him!”
[27:1] 1 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
[27:2] 2 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
[27:2] 3 tc Most
[27:2] 4 sn The Jews most assuredly wanted to put Jesus to death, but they lacked the authority to do so. For this reason they handed him over to Pilate in hopes of securing a death sentence. The Romans kept close control of the death penalty in conquered territories to prevent it from being used to execute Roman sympathizers.
[27:3] 5 tn Grk “Then when.” Here τότε (tote) has been translated as “now” to indicate a somewhat parenthetical interlude in the sequence of events.
[27:3] 6 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[27:5] 7 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the leaders’ response to Judas.
[27:6] 8 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
[27:7] 9 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
[27:9] 10 tc The problematic citing of Jeremiah for a text which appears to come from Zechariah has prompted certain scribes to alter it. Codex 22 has Ζαχαρίου (Zacariou, “Zechariah”) while Φ 33 omit the prophet’s name altogether. And codex 21 and the Latin ms l change the prophet’s name to “Isaiah,” in accordance with natural scribal proclivities to alter the text toward the most prominent OT prophet. But unquestionably the name Jeremiah is the wording of the original here, because it is supported by virtually all witnesses and because it is the harder reading. See D. A. Carson, “Matthew,” EBC 8:562-63, for a discussion of the textual and especially hermeneutical problem.
[27:9] 11 tn Grk “the sons of Israel,” an idiom referring to the people of Israel as an ethnic entity (L&N 11.58).
[27:10] 12 sn The source of this citation is debated (see the tc note on Jeremiah in v. 9 above for a related discussion). The quotation is most closely related to Zech 11:12-13, but the reference to Jeremiah in v. 9 as the source leads one to look there as well. There is no exact match for this text in Jeremiah, but there are some conceptual parallels: In Jer 18:2-6 the prophet visits a potter, and in Jer 32:6-15 he buys a field. D. A. Carson argues that Jer 19:1-13 is the source of the quotation augmented with various phrases drawn from Zech 11:12-13 (“Matthew,” EBC 8:563). W. D. Davies and D. C. Allison argue that the reference to Jeremiah is not meant to refer to one specific text from that prophet, but instead to signal that his writings as a whole are a source from which the quotation is drawn (Matthew [ICC], 3:568-69). Although the exact source of the citation is uncertain, it is reasonable to see texts from the books of Jeremiah and Zechariah both coming into play here.
[27:11] 13 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
[27:11] 14 tn Grk “asked him, saying.” The participle λέγων (legwn) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
[27:11] 15 sn “Are you the king of the Jews?” Pilate was interested in this charge because of its political implications of sedition against Rome.
[27:11] 16 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
[27:11] 17 sn The reply “You say so” is somewhat enigmatic, like Jesus’ earlier reply to the Jewish leadership in 26:64.
[27:15] 18 sn The custom of Pilate to release one prisoner is unknown outside the gospels in Jewish writings, but it was a Roman custom at the time and thus probably used in Palestine as well (cf. Matt 27:15; John 18:39).
[27:16] 19 tc Although the external evidence for the inclusion of “Jesus” before “Barabbas” (in vv. 16 and 17) is rather sparse, being restricted virtually to the Caesarean text (Θ Ë1 700* pc sys), the omission of the Lord’s name in apposition to “Barabbas” is such a strongly motivated reading that it can hardly be original. There is no good explanation for a scribe unintentionally adding ᾿Ιησοῦν (Ihsoun) before Βαραββᾶν (Barabban), especially since Barabbas is mentioned first in each verse (thus dittography is ruled out). Further, the addition of τὸν λεγόμενον Χριστόν (ton legomenon Criston, “who is called Christ”) to ᾿Ιησοῦν in v. 17 makes better sense if Barabbas is also called “Jesus” (otherwise, a mere “Jesus” would have been a sufficient appellation to distinguish the two).
[27:17] 20 tc Again, as in v. 16, the name “Jesus” is supplied before “Barabbas” in Θ Ë1 700* pc sys Ormss (Θ 700* lack the article τόν [ton] before Βαραββᾶν [Barabban]). The same argument for accepting the inclusion of “Jesus” as original in the previous verse applies here as well.
[27:17] 21 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
[27:18] 22 sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.
[27:19] 23 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
[27:19] 24 tn Or “the judge’s seat.”
[27:19] 25 tn The word “message” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
[27:19] 26 tn Grk “saying.” The participle λέγουσα (legousa) is redundant here in contemporary English and has not been translated.
[27:19] 27 tn The Greek particle γάρ (gar, “for”) has not been translated here.
[27:19] 28 tn Or “suffered greatly in a dream.” See the discussion on the construction κατ᾿ ὄναρ (kat’ onar) in BDAG 710 s.v. ὄναρ.
[27:21] 29 tn Grk “answering, the governor said to them.” This construction is somewhat redundant in English and has been simplified in the translation. Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
[27:22] 30 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
[27:22] 31 tn Grk “Him – be crucified!” The third person imperative is difficult to translate because English has no corresponding third person form for the imperative. The traditional translation “Let him be crucified” sounds as if the crowd is giving consent or permission. “He must be crucified” is closer, but it is more natural in English to convert the passive to active and simply say “Crucify him.”
