Discovery BoxRevelation 12:1-16
Context12:1 Then 1 a great sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, and with the moon under her feet, and on her head was a crown of twelve stars. 2 12:2 She 3 was pregnant and was screaming in labor pains, struggling 4 to give birth. 12:3 Then 5 another sign appeared in heaven: a huge red dragon that had seven heads and ten horns, and on its heads were seven diadem crowns. 6 12:4 Now 7 the dragon’s 8 tail swept away a third of the stars in heaven and hurled them to the earth. Then 9 the dragon stood before the woman who was about to give birth, so that he might devour her child as soon as it was born. 12:5 So 10 the woman gave birth to a son, a male child, 11 who is going to rule 12 over all the nations 13 with an iron rod. 14 Her 15 child was suddenly caught up to God and to his throne, 12:6 and she 16 fled into the wilderness 17 where a place had been prepared for her 18 by God, so she could be taken care of 19 for 1,260 days.
12:7 Then 20 war broke out in heaven: Michael 21 and his angels fought against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels fought back. 12:8 But 22 the dragon was not strong enough to prevail, 23 so there was no longer any place left 24 in heaven for him and his angels. 25 12:9 So 26 that huge dragon – the ancient serpent, the one called the devil and Satan, who deceives the whole world – was thrown down to the earth, and his angels along with him. 12:10 Then 27 I heard a loud voice in heaven saying,
“The salvation and the power
and the kingdom of our God,
and the ruling authority 28 of his Christ, 29 have now come,
because the accuser of our brothers and sisters, 30
the one who accuses them day and night 31 before our God,
has been thrown down.
12:11 But 32 they overcame him
by the blood of the Lamb
and by the word of their testimony,
and they did not love their lives 33 so much that they were afraid to die.
12:12 Therefore you heavens rejoice, and all who reside in them!
But 34 woe to the earth and the sea
because the devil has come down to you!
He 35 is filled with terrible anger,
for he knows that he only has a little time!”
12:13 Now 36 when the dragon realized 37 that he had been thrown down to the earth, he pursued the woman who had given birth to the male child. 12:14 But 38 the woman was given the two wings of a giant eagle so that she could fly out into the wilderness, 39 to the place God 40 prepared for her, where she is taken care of – away from the presence of the serpent – for a time, times, and half a time. 41 12:15 Then 42 the serpent spouted water like a river out of his mouth after the woman in an attempt to 43 sweep her away by a flood, 12:16 but 44 the earth came to her rescue; 45 the ground opened up 46 and swallowed the river that the dragon had spewed from his mouth.
[12:1] 1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[12:1] 2 sn Sun…moon…stars. This imagery is frequently identified with the nation Israel because of Joseph’s dream in Gen 37.
[12:2] 3 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[12:2] 4 tn Grk “and being tortured,” though βασανίζω (basanizw) in this context refers to birth pangs. BDAG 168 s.v. 2.b states, “Of birth-pangs (Anth. Pal. 9, 311 βάσανος has this mng.) Rv 12:2.” The καί (kai) has not been translated.
[12:3] 5 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[12:3] 6 tn For the translation of διάδημα (diadhma) as “diadem crown” see L&N 6.196.
[12:4] 7 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate that this remark is virtually parenthetical.
[12:4] 8 tn Grk “its”; the referent (the dragon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[12:4] 9 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[12:5] 10 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the conclusion of the anticipated birth.
[12:5] 11 tn On this term BDAG 135 s.v. ἄρσην states: “male…The neut. ἄρσεν Rv 12:5, difft. vs. 13, comes fr. Is 66:7 and is in apposition to υἱόν. On the juxtaposition s. FBoll, ZNW 15, 1914, 253; BOlsson, Glotta 23, ’34, 112.”
[12:5] 13 tn Or “all the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
[12:5] 14 tn Or “scepter.” The Greek term ῥάβδος (rJabdo") can mean either “rod” or “scepter.”
[12:5] 15 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[12:6] 16 tn Grk “and the woman,” which would be somewhat redundant in English.
[12:6] 18 tn Grk “where she has there a place prepared by God.”
[12:6] 19 tn Grk “so they can take care of her.”
[12:7] 20 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[12:7] 21 sn The archangel Michael had a special role in protecting the nation of Israel in the OT (Dan 10:13, 21; 12:1; see also Jude 9).
[12:8] 22 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the implied contrast.
[12:8] 23 tn The words “to prevail” are not in the Greek text, but are implied.
[12:8] 25 tn Grk “for them”; the referent (the dragon and his angels, v. 7) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[12:9] 26 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the result of the war in heaven.
[12:10] 27 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[12:10] 28 tn Or “the right of his Messiah to rule.” See L&N 37.35.
[12:10] 29 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
[12:10] 30 tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelfoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited). The translation “fellow believer” would normally apply (L&N 11.23), but since the speaker(s) are not specified in this context, it is not clear if such a translation would be appropriate here. The more generic “brothers and sisters” was chosen to emphasize the fact of a relationship without specifying its type.
[12:10] 31 tn Or “who accuses them continually.”
[12:11] 32 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast.
[12:11] 33 sn They did not love their lives. See Matt 16:25; Luke 17:33; John 12:25.
[12:12] 34 tn The word “But” is not in the Greek text, but the contrast is clearly implied. This is a case of asyndeton (lack of a connective).
[12:12] 35 tn Grk “and is filled,” a continuation of the previous sentence. Because English tends to use shorter sentences (especially when exclamations are involved), a new sentence was started here in the translation.
[12:13] 36 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” because the clause it introduces is clearly resumptive.
[12:14] 38 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present here.
[12:14] 40 tn The word “God” is supplied based on the previous statements made concerning “the place prepared for the woman” in 12:6.
[12:14] 41 tc The reading “and half a time” (καὶ ἥμισυ καιροῦ, kai {hmisu kairou) is lacking in the important uncial C. Its inclusion, however, is supported by {Ì47 א A and the rest of the ms tradition}. There is apparently no reason for the scribe of C to intentionally omit the phrase, and the fact that the word “time” (καιρὸν καὶ καιρούς, kairon kai kairou") appears twice before may indicate a scribal oversight.
[12:15] 42 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[12:15] 43 tn Grk “so that he might make her swept away.”
[12:16] 44 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present here.
[12:16] 45 tn Grk “the earth helped the woman.”
[12:16] 46 tn Grk “the earth opened its mouth” (a metaphor for the ground splitting open).
