Revelation 4:3

4:3 And the one seated on it was like jasper ¹  and carnelian ²  in appearance, and a rainbow looking like it was made of emerald ³  encircled the throne.

Revelation 4:7

4:7 The ⁴  first living creature was like a lion, the ⁵  second creature like an ox, the third creature had a face like a man’s, and the fourth creature looked like an eagle flying.

Revelation 9:7

9:7 Now ⁶  the locusts looked like horses equipped for battle. On ⁷  their heads were something like crowns similar to gold, ⁸  and their faces looked like men’s ⁹  faces.

Revelation 1:13

1:13 and in the midst of the lampstands was one like a son of man. ¹⁰  He was dressed in a robe extending down to his feet and he wore a wide golden belt ¹¹  around his chest.

Revelation 1:15

1:15 His feet were like polished bronze ¹²  refined ¹³  in a furnace, and his voice was like the roar ¹⁴  of many waters.

Revelation 18:18

18:18 and began to shout ¹⁵  when they saw the smoke from the fire that burned her up, ¹⁶  “Who is like the great city?”

Revelation 21:11

21:11 The city possesses ¹⁷  the glory of God; its brilliance is like a precious jewel, like a stone of crystal-clear jasper. ¹⁸ 

Revelation 21:18

21:18 The city’s ¹⁹  wall is made ²⁰  of jasper and the city is pure gold, like transparent glass. ²¹ 

Revelation 4:6

4:6 and in front of the throne was something like a sea of glass, like crystal. ²² 

In ²³  the middle of the throne ²⁴  and around the throne were four living creatures ²⁵  full of eyes in front and in back.

Revelation 9:10

9:10 They have ²⁶  tails and stingers like scorpions, and their ability ²⁷  to injure people for five months is in their tails.

Revelation 11:1

The Fate of the Two Witnesses

11:1 Then ²⁸  a measuring rod ²⁹  like a staff was given to me, and I was told, ³⁰  “Get up and measure the temple of God, and the altar, and the ones who worship there.

Revelation 13:11

13:11 Then ³¹  I saw another beast ³²  coming up from the earth. He ³³  had two horns like a lamb, ³⁴  but ³⁵  was speaking like a dragon.

Revelation 2:18

To the Church in Thyatira

2:18 “To ³⁶  the angel of the church in Thyatira write the following: ³⁷ 

“This is the solemn pronouncement of ³⁸  the Son of God, the one who has eyes like a fiery flame ³⁹  and whose feet are like polished bronze: ⁴⁰ 

Revelation 9:19

9:19 For the power ⁴¹  of the horses resides ⁴²  in their mouths and in their tails, because their tails are like snakes, having heads that inflict injuries.

Revelation 13:4

13:4 they worshiped the dragon because he had given ruling authority ⁴³  to the beast, and they worshiped the beast too, saying: “Who is like the beast?” and “Who is able to make war against him?” ⁴⁴ 

Revelation 14:14

14:14 Then ⁴⁵  I looked, and a white cloud appeared, ⁴⁶  and seated on the cloud was one like a son of man! ⁴⁷  He had ⁴⁸  a golden crown on his head and a sharp sickle in his hand.

Revelation 13:2

13:2 Now ⁴⁹  the beast that I saw was like a leopard, but its feet were like a bear’s, and its mouth was like a lion’s mouth. The ⁵⁰  dragon gave the beast ⁵¹  his power, his throne, and great authority to rule. ⁵² 

[4:3]  ¹ tn Grk “jasper stone.”

[4:3]  ² sn Carnelian was a semiprecious gemstone, usually red in color (L&N 2.36).

[4:3]  ³ tn Or “a rainbow emerald-like in appearance.”

[4:7]  ⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[4:7]  ⁵ tn Both here and before the phrase “the third,” καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[9:7]  ⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of the description of the locusts, which is somewhat parenthetical in the narrative.

[9:7]  ⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[9:7]  ⁹ tn The translation attempts to bring out the double uncertainty in this clause in the Greek text, involving both the form (ὡς στέφανοι, Jw" stefanoi, “like crowns”) and the material (ὅμοιοι χρυσῷ, {omoioi crusw, “similar to gold”).

[9:7]  ¹⁰ tn Or “human faces.” The Greek term ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpos) is often used in a generic sense, referring to both men and women. However, because “women’s hair” in the next clause suggests a possible gender distinction here, “men’s” was retained.

[1:13]  ¹⁰ tn This phrase constitutes an allusion to Dan 7:13. Concerning υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου (Juio" tou anqrwpou), BDAG 1026 s.v. υἱός 2.d.γ says: “ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου lit. ‘the son of the man’…‘the human being, the human one, the man’…On Israelite thought contemporary w. Jesus and alleged knowledge of a heavenly being looked upon as a ‘Son of Man’ or ‘Man’, who exercises Messianic functions such as judging the world (metaph., pictorial passages in En 46-48; 4 Esdr 13:3, 51f)…Outside the gospels: Ac 7:56…Rv 1:13; 14:14 (both after Da 7:13…).” The term “son” here in this expression is anarthrous and as such lacks specificity. Some commentators and translations take the expression as an allusion to Daniel 7:13 and not to “the son of man” found in gospel traditions (e.g., Mark 8:31; 9:12; cf. D. E. Aune, Revelation [WBC], 2:800-801; cf. also NIV). Other commentators and versions, however, take the phrase “son of man” as definite, involving allusions to Dan 7:13 and “the son of man” gospel traditions (see G. K. Beale, Revelation [NIGTC], 771-72; NRSV).

[1:13]  ¹¹ tn Or “a wide golden sash,” but this would not be diagonal, as some modern sashes are, but horizontal. The Greek term can refer to a wide band of cloth or leather worn on the outside of one’s clothing (L&N 6.178).

[1:15]  ¹³ tn The precise meaning of the term translated “polished bronze” (χαλκολιβάνῳ, calkolibanw), which appears nowhere else in Greek literature outside of the book of Revelation (see 2:18), is uncertain. Without question it is some sort of metal. BDAG 1076 s.v. χαλκολίβανον suggests “fine brass/bronze.” L&N 2.57 takes the word to refer to particularly valuable or fine bronze, but notes that the emphasis here and in Rev 2:18 is more on the lustrous quality of the metal.

[1:15]  ¹⁴ tn Or “that has been heated in a furnace until it glows.”

[1:15]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “sound,” but the idea is closer to the roar of a waterfall or rapids.

[18:18]  ¹⁶ tn Here the imperfect ἔκραζον (ekrazon) has been translated ingressively.

[18:18]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “from the burning of her, saying.” For the translation “the smoke from the fire that burned her up,” see L&N 14.63. Here the participle λέγοντες (legontes, “saying”) has not been translated because it is redundant in contemporary English.

[21:11]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “from God, having the glory of God.” Here a new sentence was started in the translation by supplying the words “the city” to refer back to the previous clause and translating the participle (“having”) as a finite verb.

[21:11]  ²⁰ tn On the term ἰάσπιδι (iaspidi) BDAG 465 s.v. ἴασπις states, “jasper, a precious stone found in various colors, mostly reddish, somet. green…brown, blue, yellow, and white. In antiquity the name was not limited to the variety of quartz now called jasper, but could designate any opaque precious stone. Rv 21:18f. W. λίθος 4:3 (TestSol C 11:8). λίθος ἴασπις κρυσταλλίζων a stone of crystal-clear jasper 21:11 (cp. Is 54:12); perh. the opal is meant here; acc. to some, the diamond.”

[21:18]  ²² tn Grk “and its wall”; the referent of the pronoun (the city) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[21:18]  ²³ tn The phrase ἡ ἐνδώμησις τοῦ τείχους (Jh endwmhsi" tou teicou") is difficult to translate precisely. BDAG 334 s.v. ἐνδώμησις states, “primary mng. ‘interior structure’; in our lit. prob.=construction, hence material τοῦ τείχους Rv 21:18.” The phrase could then be translated, “the foundation of the city wall was jasper” or “the material used for the wall of the city was jasper.” The latter alternative has been used in the translation because the text goes on to discuss the foundation in 21:19 (using the term θεμέλιος [qemelios]), which is somewhat redundant if the foundation is mentioned here.

[21:18]  ²⁴ tn Or “transparent crystal.” See L&N 6.222, which notes the emphasis is on transparency here. The same Greek word, καθαρός (kaqaros), means both “pure” (referring to the gold) and “transparent” (referring to the glass).

[4:6]  ²⁵ tn This could refer to rock crystal, but it is possible this refers to ice (an older meaning). See BDAG 571 s.v. κρύσταλλος.

[4:6]  ²⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[4:6]  ²⁷ tn Perhaps, “in the middle of the throne area” (see L&N 83.10).

[4:6]  ²⁸ tn On the meaning of ζῴον (zwon) BDAG 431 s.v. 2 states, “Of the four peculiar beings at God’s throne, whose description Rv 4:6-9 reminds one of the ζῷα in Ezk 1:5ff, the cherubim. S. also Rv 5:6, 8, 11, 14; 6:1, 3, 5-7; 7:11; 14:3; 15:7; 19:4.”

[9:10]  ²⁸ tn In the Greek text there is a shift to the present tense here; the previous verbs translated “had” are imperfects.

[9:10]  ²⁹ tn See BDAG 352 s.v. ἐξουσία 2, “potential or resource to command, control, or govern, capability, might, power.”

[11:1]  ³¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[11:1]  ³² tn Grk “a reed” (but these were used for measuring). Cf. Ezek 40:3ff.

[11:1]  ³³ tn Grk “saying.”

[13:11]  ³⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[13:11]  ³⁵ sn This second beast is identified in Rev 16:13 as “the false prophet.”

[13:11]  ³⁶ tn Grk “and it had,” a continuation of the preceding sentence. On the use of the pronoun “he” to refer to the second beast, see the note on the word “It” in 13:1.

[13:11]  ³⁷ tn Or perhaps, “like a ram.” Here L&N 4.25 states, “In the one context in the NT, namely, Re 13:11, in which ἀρνίον refers literally to a sheep, it is used in a phrase referring to the horns of an ἀρνίον. In such a context the reference is undoubtedly to a ‘ram,’ that is to say, the adult male of sheep.” In spite of this most translations render the word “lamb” here to maintain the connection between this false lamb and the true Lamb of the Book of Revelation, Jesus Christ.

[13:11]  ³⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

[2:18]  ³⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated due to differences between Greek and English style.

[2:18]  ³⁸ tn The phrase “the following” after “write” is supplied to clarify that what follows is the content of what is to be written.

[2:18]  ³⁹ tn Grk “These things says [the One]…” See the note on the phrase “this is the solemn pronouncement of” in 2:1.

[2:18]  ⁴⁰ tn Grk “a flame of fire.” The Greek term πυρός (puros) has been translated as an attributive genitive.

[2:18]  ⁴¹ tn The precise meaning of the term translated “polished bronze” (χαλκολιβάνῳ, calkolibanw), which appears no where else in Greek literature outside of the book of Revelation (see 1:15), is uncertain. Without question it is some sort of metal. BDAG 1076 s.v. χαλκολίβανον suggests “fine brass/bronze.” L&N 2.57 takes the word to refer to particularly valuable or fine bronze, but notes that the emphasis here and in Rev 1:15 is more on the lustrous quality of the metal.

[9:19]  ⁴⁰ tn See BDAG 352 s.v. ἐξουσία 2, “potential or resource to command, control, or govern, capability, might, power.”

[9:19]  ⁴¹ tn Grk “is.”

[13:4]  ⁴³ tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

[13:4]  ⁴⁴ tn On the use of the masculine pronoun to refer to the beast, see the note on the word “It” in 13:1.

[14:14]  ⁴⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[14:14]  ⁴⁷ tn Grk “and behold, a white cloud.”

[14:14]  ⁴⁸ tn This phrase constitutes an allusion to Dan 7:13. Concerning υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου (Juio" tou anqrwpou), BDAG 1026 s.v. υἱός 2.d.γ says: “ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου lit. ‘the son of the man’…‘the human being, the human one, the man’…On Israelite thought contemporary w. Jesus and alleged knowledge of a heavenly being looked upon as a ‘Son of Man’ or ‘Man’, who exercises Messianic functions such as judging the world (metaph., pictorial passages in En 46-48; 4 Esdr 13:3, 51f)…Outside the gospels: Ac 7:56…Rv 1:13; 14:14 (both after Da 7:13…).” The term “son” here in this expression is anarthrous and as such lacks specificity. Some commentators and translations take the expression as an allusion to Daniel 7:13 and not to “the son of man” found in gospel traditions (e.g., Mark 8:31; 9:12; cf. D. E. Aune, Revelation [WBC], 2:800-801; cf. also NIV). Other commentators and versions, however, take the phrase “son of man” as definite, involving allusions to Dan 7:13 and “the son of man” gospel traditions (see G. K. Beale, Revelation [NIGTC], 771-72; NRSV).

[14:14]  ⁴⁹ tn Grk “like a son of man, having.” In the Greek text this is a continuation of the previous sentence.

[13:2]  ⁴⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the parenthetical nature of the following description of the beast.

[13:2]  ⁵⁰ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[13:2]  ⁵¹ tn Grk “gave it”; the referent (the beast) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[13:2]  ⁵² tn For the translation “authority to rule” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.