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Texts -- 2 Kings 15:14-38 (NET)

Context
15:14 Menahem son of Gadi went up from Tirzah to Samaria and attacked Shallum son of Jabesh . He killed him and took his place as king . 15:15 The rest of the events of Shallum’s reign, including the conspiracy he organized , are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel . 15:16 At that time Menahem came from Tirzah and attacked Tiphsah . He struck down all who lived in the city and the surrounding territory , because they would not surrender . He even ripped open the pregnant women .
Menahem’s Reign over Israel
15:17 In the thirty-ninth year of King Azariah’s reign over Judah , Menahem son of Gadi became king over Israel . He reigned for twelve years in Samaria . 15:18 He did evil in the sight of the Lord ; he did not repudiate the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin . During his reign , 15:19 Pul king of Assyria invaded the land , and Menahem paid him a thousand talents of silver to gain his support and to solidify his control of the kingdom . 15:20 Menahem got this silver by taxing all the wealthy men in Israel ; he took fifty shekels of silver from each one of them and paid it to the king of Assyria . Then the king of Assyria left ; he did not stay there in the land . 15:21 The rest of the events of Menahem’s reign, including all his accomplishments , are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel . 15:22 Menahem passed away and his son Pekahiah replaced him as king .
Pekahiah’s Reign over Israel
15:23 In the fiftieth year of King Azariah’s reign over Judah , Menahem’s son Pekahiah became king over Israel . He reigned in Samaria for two years . 15:24 He did evil in the sight of the Lord ; he did not repudiate the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin . 15:25 His officer Pekah son of Remaliah conspired against him. He and fifty Gileadites assassinated Pekahiah, as well as Argob and Arieh , in Samaria in the fortress of the royal palace . Pekah then took his place as king . 15:26 The rest of the events of Pekahiah’s reign, including all his accomplishments , are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel .
Pekah’s Reign over Israel
15:27 In the fifty-second year of King Azariah’s reign over Judah , Pekah son of Remaliah became king over Israel . He reigned in Samaria for twenty years . 15:28 He did evil in the sight of the Lord ; he did not repudiate the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin . 15:29 During Pekah’s reign over Israel , King Tiglath-pileser of Assyria came and captured Ijon , Abel Beth Maacah , Janoah , Kedesh , Hazor , Gilead , and Galilee , including all the territory of Naphtali . He deported the people to Assyria . 15:30 Hoshea son of Elah conspired against Pekah son of Remaliah . He assassinated him and took his place as king , in the twentieth year of the reign of Jotham son of Uzziah . 15:31 The rest of the events of Pekah’s reign, including all his accomplishments , are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel .
Jotham’s Reign over Judah
15:32 In the second year of the reign of Israel’s King Pekah son of Remaliah , Uzziah’s son Jotham became king over Judah . 15:33 He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign , and he reigned for sixteen years in Jerusalem . His mother was Jerusha the daughter of Zadok . 15:34 He did what the Lord approved , just as his father Uzziah had done . 15:35 But the high places were not eliminated ; the people continued to offer sacrifices and burn incense on the high places . He built the Upper Gate to the Lord’s temple . 15:36 The rest of the events of Jotham’s reign, including his accomplishments , are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Judah . 15:37 In those days the Lord prompted King Rezin of Syria and Pekah son of Remaliah to attack Judah . 15:38 Jotham passed away and was buried with his ancestors in the city of his ancestor David . His son Ahaz replaced him as king .

Pericope

NET

Bible Dictionary

  • Menahem

    [ebd] conforting, the son of Gadi, and successor of Shallum, king of Israel, whom he slew. After a reign of about ten years (B.C. 771-760) he died, leaving the throne to his son Pekahiah. His reign was one of cruelty and oppressio...
    [isbe] MENAHEM - men'-a-hem (menachem, "one who comforts"; Manaem; 2 Ki 15:14-22): 1. Accession and Reign: Son of Gadi and 16th king of Israel. He reigned 10 years. Menahem was probably the officer in charge of the royal troops in ...
    [smith] (comforter), son of Gadi, who slew the usurper Shallum, and seized the vacant throne of Israel. B.C. 772. His reign, which lasted ten years, is briefly recorded in (2 Kings 15:14-22) He maintained the calf-worship of Jerob...
    [nave] MENAHEM, king of Israel, 2 Kin. 15:13-22.

  • Assyria

    [ebd] the name derived from the city Asshur on the Tigris, the original capital of the country, was originally a colony from Babylonia, and was ruled by viceroys from that kingdom. It was a mountainous region lying to the north of...
    [isbe] ASSYRIA - a-sir'-i-a: I. GEOGRAPHY II. EARLY HISTORY III. CLIMATE AND PRODUCTIONS IV. POPULATION V. TRADE AND LAW VI. ART VII. MECHANICS VIII. FURNITURE, POTTERY AND EMBROIDERY IX. LANGUAGE, LITERATURE AND SCIENCE X. GOVERNM...
    [nave] ASSYRIA An empire founded by Nimrod, Gen. 10:8-12; Mic. 5:6. It extended from east of the Tigris, Gen. 2:14; 10:11; possibly to Egypt, Gen. 25:18. Its armies invade the land of Israel under Pul, 2 Kin. 15:19; 1 Chr. 5:26; ...

  • Remaliah

    [isbe] REMALIAH - rem-a-li'-a (remalyahu, "whom Yahweh has adorned"): The father of Pekah (2 Ki 15:25 ff; Isa 7:4 ff; 8:6). The contemptuous allusion to Pekah as "the son of Remaliah" in Isa 7:4 (similarly "the son of Kish," 1 Sam ...
    [smith] (protected by Jehovah). The father of Pekah, captain of Pekahiah; king of Israel, who slew his master and usurped his throne. (2 Kings 15:25-37; 16:1,5; 2 Chronicles 28:6; Isaiah 7:1-9; 8:6) (B.C. 756.)
    [nave] REMALIAH, father of Pekah, king of Israel, 2 Kin. 15:25, 27, 30; 16:1, 5; 2 Chr. 28:6; Isa. 7:1, 4; 8:6.

  • Pekah

    [ebd] open-eyed, the son of Remaliah a captain in the army of Pekahiah, king of Israel, whom he slew, with the aid of a band of Gileadites, and succeeded (B.C. 758) on the throne (2 Kings 15:25). Seventeen years after this he ente...
    [isbe] PEKAH - pe'-ka (peqach, "opening" (of the eyes) (2 Ki 15:25-31); Phakee): 1. Accession: Son of Remaliah, and 18th king of Israel. Pekah murdered his predecessor, Pekahiah, and seized the reins of power (2 Ki 15:25). His usur...
    [smith] (open-eyed), son of Remaliah, originally a captain of Pekaiah king of Israel, murdered his master seized the throne, and became the 18th sovereign of the northern kingdom, B.C. 757-740. Under his predecessors Israel had been ...
    [nave] PEKAH, son of Remaliah. Captain of the army of Israel, 2 Kin. 15:25. Conspires against and assassinates King Pekahiah, 2 Kin. 15:25. Is made king of Israel, 2 Kin. 15:27. Victorious in war with Judah, 2 Chr. 28:5, 6. Is p...

  • Pekahiah

    [ebd] the Lord opened his eyes, the son and successor of Menahem on the throne of Israel. He was murdered in the royal palace of Samaria by Pekah, one of the captains of his army (2 Kings 15:23-26), after a reign of two years (B.C...
    [isbe] PEKAHIAH - pek-a-hi'-a, pe-ka'-ya (peqachyah, "Yah hath opened" (the eyes) (2 Ki 15:23-26); Phakesias; Codex Alexandrinus Phakeias): 1. Accession: Son of Menahem, and 17th king of Israel. He is said to have succeeded his fat...
    [nave] PEKAHIAH, son of Menahem. King of Israel, 2 Kin. 15:22-26. Plotted against and slain by Pekah, 2 Kin. 15:25.

  • Jotham

    [ebd] Jehovah is perfect. (1.) The youngest of Gideon's seventy sons. He escaped when the rest were put to death by the order of Abimelech (Judg. 9:5). When "the citizens of Shechem and the whole house of Millo" were gathered toge...
    [isbe] JOTHAM - jo'-tham (yotham, "Yahweh is perfect"; Ioatham): (1) The youngest son of Gideon-Jerubbaal, the sole survivor of the massacre of his seventy brothers by Abimelech (Jdg 9:5), and (by Jdg 8:22) the legitimate ruler of ...
    [nave] JOTHAM 1. Son of Gideon, Judg. 9:5, 57. Rebukes the Shechemites in the parable of the trees, Judg. 9:7-21. 2. Son of Azariah, king of Judah, 2 Kin. 15:5-7, 32, 38; 1 Chr. 3:12; 2 Chr. 26:21-23; 27. Piety of, 2 Chr. 27. T...

  • Israel

    [nave] ISRAEL 1. A name given to Jacob, Gen. 32:24-32; 2 Kin. 17:34; Hos. 12:3, 4. 2. A name of the Christ in prophecy, Isa. 49:3. 3. A name given to the descendants of Jacob, a nation. Called also Israelites, and Hebrews, Gen. 4...

  • TAX; TAXING

    [isbe] TAX; TAXING - taks, taks'-ing: I. INTRODUCTION 1. General Considerations 2. Limits of the Discussion II. TAXES IN ISRAEL UNDER SELF-GOVERNMENT 1. In the Earliest Period 2. Under the Theocracy; in the Period of the Judges 3. ...

  • Shallum

    [ebd] retribution. (1.) The son of Jabesh, otherwise unknown. He "conspired against Zachariah, and smote him before the people, and slew him, and reigned in his stead" (2 Kings 15:10). He reigned only "a month of days in Samaria" ...
    [smith] (retribution). The fifteenth king of Israel, son of Jabesh, conspired against Zachariah, killed him, and brought the dynasty of Jehu to a close, B.C. 770. Shallum, after reigning in Samaria for a month only, was in his turn ...
    [nave] SHALLUM 1. King of Israel, 2 Kin. 15:10, 13-15. 2. Husband of Huldah, the prophetess, 2 Kin. 22:14; 2 Chr. 34:22. 3. Son of Sisamai, 1 Chr. 2:40, 41. 4. See: Jehoahaz, 3. 5. Grandson of Simeon, 1 Chr. 4:25. 6. Son of Za...

  • Gadi

    [isbe] GADI - ga'-di (gadhi, "fortunate"): The father of Menahem, one of the kings of Israel who reached the throne through blood (2 Ki 15:14,17).
    [smith] A Gadite, father of Menahem a king of Israel. (2 Kings 15:14,17)
    [nave] GADI, father of Menahem, 2 Kin. 15:14, 17.

  • Rekem

    [ebd] embroidered; variegated. (1.) One of the five Midianite kings whom the Israelites destroyed (Num. 31:8). (2.) One of the sons of Hebron (1 Chr. 2:43, 44). (3.) A town of Benjamin (Josh. 18:27).

  • HOSEA

    [isbe] HOSEA - ho-ze'-a: I. THE PROPHET 1. Name 2. Native Place 3. Date 4. Personal History (Marriage) (1) Allegorical View (2) Literal View II. THE BOOK 1. Style and Scope 2. Historical Background 3. Contents and Divisions (1) Hos...

  • Rulers

    [nave] RULERS Appointed and removed by God. See: Government, God in. Chastised, Dan. 4. See: Nation. Monarchical, See: Kings. Patriarchal, Gen. 27:29, 37. Instances of Nimrod, Gen. 10:8-10. Abraham, Gen. 14:13-24; 17:6; 21:2...

  • CAPTIVITY

    [ebd] (1.) Of Israel. The kingdom of the ten tribes was successively invaded by several Assyrian kings. Pul (q.v.) imposed a tribute on Menahem of a thousand talents of silver (2 Kings 15:19, 20; 1 Chr. 5:26) (B.C. 762), and Tigla...
    [isbe] CAPTIVITY - kap-tiv'-i-ti (galah, galuth, shebhuth, shibhyah; metoikesia): I. OF THE NORTHERN KINGDOM (THE WORK OF ASSYRIA) 1. Western Campaigns of Shalmaneser II, 860-825 BC 2. Of Rimmon-nirari III, 810-781 BC 3. Of Tiglath...

  • Pul

    [ebd] (1.) An Assyrian king. It has been a question whether he was identical with Tiglath-pileser III. (q.v.), or was his predecessor. The weight of evidence is certainly in favour of their identity. Pul was the throne-name he bor...
    [isbe] PUL - pul: (1) An Assyrian king (2 Ki 15:19). See TIGLATH-PILESER. (2) An African country and people (Isa 66:19). See PUT.
    [smith] an Assyrian king, and the first Assyrian monarch mentioned in Scripture. He made an expedition against Menahem, king of Israel, about B.C. 770. (2 Kings 15:19)
    [nave] PUL 1. King of Assyria. Forced tribute from Menahem, king of Israel, 2 Kin. 15:19; 1 Chr. 5:26. 2. A place or tribe in Africa, Isa. 66:19.

  • Tirzah

    [isbe] TIRZAH - tur'-za (tirtsah; Thersa): (1) A royal city of the Canaanites, the king of which was slain by Joshua (12:24). It superseded Shechem as capital of the Northern Kingdom (1 Ki 14:17, etc.), and itself gave place in tur...
    [smith] an ancient Canaanite city, whose king is enumerated among those overthrown in the conquest of the country. (Joshua 12:24) It reappears as a royal city, the residence of Jeroboam and of his successors, (1 Kings 14:17,18) an...
    [nave] TIRZAH 1. A daughter of Zelophehad, Num. 26:33; 36:11; Josh. 17:3. Special legislation in regard to the inheritance of, Num. 27:1-11; 36; Josh. 17:3, 4. 2. A city of Canaan. Captured by Joshua, Josh. 12:24. Becomes the re...

  • CHRONOLOGY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT

    [isbe] CHRONOLOGY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT - kro-nol'-o-ji: I. INTRODUCTORY 1. Difficulties of the Subject 2. Plan of Treatment 3. Bible to be Regarded as Highest Authority II. THE AGES BETWEEN THE TESTAMENTS III. PERSIAN PERIOD IV. BA...

  • Ahaz

    [ebd] possessor. (1.) A grandson of Jonathan (1 Chr. 8:35; 9:42). (2.) The son and successor of Jotham, king of Judah (2 Kings 16; Isa. 7-9; 2 Chr. 28). He gave himself up to a life of wickedness and idolatry. Notwithstanding the ...
    [isbe] AHAZ - a'-haz ('achaz, "he has grasped," 2 Ki 16; 2 Ch 28; Isa 7:10 ff; Achaz). 1. Name: The name is the same as Jehoahaz; hence appears on Tiglath-pileser's Assyrian inscription of 732 BC as Ia-u-ha-zi. The sacred historian...
    [nave] AHAZ 1. King of Judah, son and successor of Jotham, 2 Kin. 15:38; 16:1; 2 Chr. 27:9; 28:1. Idolatrous abominations of, 2 Kin. 16:3, 4; 2 Chr. 28:2-4, 22-25. Kingdom of, invaded by the kings of Syria and Samaria, 2 Kin. 16:...

  • Zadok

    [ebd] righteous. (1.) A son of Ahitub, of the line of Eleazer (2 Sam. 8:17; 1 Chr. 24:3), high priest in the time of David (2 Sam. 20:25) and Solomon (1 Kings 4:4). He is first mentioned as coming to take part with David at Hebron...
    [isbe] ZADOK - za'-dok (tsadowq, once tsadhoq (1 Ki 1:26), similar to tsaddiq, and tsadduq, post-Biblical, meaning justus, "righteous"; Septuagint Sadok): Cheyne in Encyclopedia Biblica suggests that Zadok was a modification of a G...
    [smith] (just). Son of Ahitub and one of the two chief priests in the time of David, Abiathar being the other. Zadok was of the house of Eleazar the son of Aaron, (1 Chronicles 24:3) and eleventh in descent from Aaron. (1 Chro...
    [nave] ZADOK 1. High priest in time of David's reign, 2 Sam. 19:11; 20:25; 1 Chr. 15:11; 16:39. Removes the ark from Jerusalem at the time of Absalom's usurpation; returns with it at David's command, 2 Sam. 15:24-36; 17:15, 17-21....

  • Tiphsah

    [ebd] passing over; ford, one of the boundaries of Solomon's dominions (1 Kings 4:24), probably "Thapsacus, a great and wealthy town on the western bank of the Euphrates," about 100 miles north-east of Tadmor. All the land traffic...
    [isbe] TIPHSAH - tif'-sa (tiphcach, "ford"; Thapsa): (1) This marks the northern extremity of the dominions ruled by Solomon, Gaza being the limit on the South (1 Ki 4:24). It can hardly be other than Thapsacus, on the right bank o...
    [smith] (ford) is mentioned in (1 Kings 4:24) as the limit of Solomon?s empire toward the Euphrates and in (2 Kings 15:16) it is said to have been attacked by Menahemi. It was known to the Greeks and Romans under the name of Th...
    [nave] TIPHSAH 1. A city on the Euphrates, 1 Kin. 4:24. 2. A city of unknown location, 2 Kin. 15:16.
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Expository Notes on the Bible (Constable)

  • Another instance of incomplete obedience followed the great victory God gave His people and the military commanders' sacrificial, voluntary worship of Yahweh.32:1-19 Maybe the leaders of Reuben and Gad concluded that their br...
  • The Danites' defeat of the inhabitants of Laish appears cruel and unjustified (cf. 9:45-49). The town that seemed so desirable to the spies was really vulnerable and isolated. Its advantages proved to be weaknesses. Since God...
  • I. The reign of Solomon chs. 1-11A. Solomon's succession to David's throne 1:1-2:121. David's declining health 1:1-42. Adonijah's attempt to seize the throne 1:5-533. David's charge to Solomon 2:1-94. David's death 2:10-12B. ...
  • The second major part of the Book of Kings records the histories of the Northern Kingdom of Israel and the Southern Kingdom of Judah.123During this era of 209 years (931-722 B.C.) the two kingdoms experienced differing relati...
  • (Continued from notes on 1 Kings)3. Ahaziah's evil reign in Israel -1 Kings 22:51-2 Kings 1:184. Jehoram's evil reign in Israel 2:1-8:155. Jehoram's evil reign in Judah 8:16-246. Ahaziah's evil reign in Judah 8:25-9:29C. The ...
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  • Most Bible students know Azariah by his other name, Uzziah (vv. 13, 30, 32, 34; 2 Chron. 26; Isa. 1:1; Hosea 1:1, Amos 1:1; Zech. 14:5; et al.). His 52-year reign (790-739 B.C.) was longer than any other king of Judah or Isra...
  • Shallum's reign was even shorter than Zechariah's. It lasted only one month (752 B.C.).Menahem was the commander-in-chief of Jeroboam II's army.95He was serving in Tirzah, Israel's former capital. Menahem regarded Shallum as ...
  • Menahem began Israel's seventh royal family. His reign lasted 10 years (752-742 B.C.).Assyrian inscriptions have identified Pul as Tiglath-Pileser III (745-727 B.C.; cf. v. 29; 16:7, 10; 1 Chron. 5:26). Pul was the throne nam...
  • In 742 B.C. Pekahiah began his two-year reign (742-740 B.C.). It ended when Pekah, one of his military officers, assassinated him in Samaria along with Argob and Arieh, who were probably Israelite princes (v. 25)....
  • Though the writer did not clarify this point, it seems that Pekah had been ruling over Israel in Gilead since 752 B.C., the year Menahem assassinated Shallum. This must be the case in view of the writer's chronological refere...
  • Jotham's 16 year reign over Judah (750-735 B.C.) began while Pekah was in power in Gilead. He shared the last four of these years with his coregent son Ahaz.Jotham added the upper gate of the temple (v. 35), an opening betwee...
  • Hosea was Israel's last king. He reigned in Samaria for 9 years (732-722 B.C.). He was a bad king, but he was not as bad as his predecessors.108Shalmaneser V (727-722 B.C.) had succeeded his father Tiglath-Pileser III on Assy...
  • Ackroyd, Peter R. "An Interpretation of the Babylonian Exile: A Study of 2 Kings 20, Isaiah 38-39."Scottish Journal of Theology27:3:(August 1974):329-52.Albright, William F. The Archaeology of Palestine. 1949. Revised ed. Pel...
  • God had warned his people Israel that disobedience to the Mosaic Covenant might result in exile from the Promised Land if that disobedience was wide-spread and prolonged (cf. Lev. 26:14, 33; Deut. 28:36, 48, 63). This is real...
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  • Whereas the sign of Immanuel was for Ahaz primarily, the sign of Maher-shalal-hash-baz was for all the people of Judah. The preceding prophecies to Ahaz (7:10-25) are generally negative, but the following prophecies to the Ju...
  • Perverse conduct was the consequence of Israel's apostasy and infidelity, and it led to slavery.2:14-15 Israel was Yahweh's firstborn son, not a slave or even a home-born servant.77As such he enjoyed the special care and prov...
  • This message to the people involved another symbolic act (cf. 13:1-11). This incident may have occurred between 609 and 605 B.C.19:1 Yahweh told Jeremiah to take some of Judah's elders and senior priests and to go and purchas...
  • This section consists of four parts: a summary of Jeremiah's Temple Sermon (vv. 2-6), the prophet's arrest and trial (vv. 7-16), the elders' plea for his life (vv. 17-19, 24), and the incident involving Uriah and his executio...
  • 36:9 During the winter of 604-603 B.C., the people, not the king, declared a fast. The occasion for the fast may have been the arrival of Babylonian armies on the Philistine plain or the Babylonians' defeat of Ashkelon then.4...
  • 16:15 However, Jerusalem became self-centered and unfaithful to the Lord; she forgot Him when she became preoccupied with His blessings (cf. Deut. 6:10-12; 8). She went after every people that passed by rather than remaining ...
  • 16:44-47 Other people would quote the proverb, "Like mother, like daughter,"in regard to Jerusalem. She was like her Hittite "mother"who was also idolatrous and selfish. And she was like her older (larger) sister, Samaria, an...
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  • Hosea began ministering near the end of an era of great material prosperity and military success for both Israel and Judah (cf. 2 Kings 14:25-28; 2 Chron. 26:2, 6-15). In the first half of the eighth-century B.C. Assyrian inf...
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  • This pericope condemns Israel's foreign policy.7:8 Ephraim had mixed itself with the pagan nations, like unleavened dough mixed with leaven. She had done this by making alliances with neighbor nations as well as by importing ...
  • 13:15 With the removal of God's compassion (v. 14), Israel's prosperity would end. Hosea described that change like a hot eastern desert wind sweeping over Israel and drying up all its water sources. Israel had flourished amo...
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