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Text -- 1 Kings 12:2-33 (NET)

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12:2 When Jeroboam son of Nebat heard the news, he was still in Egypt, where he had fled from King Solomon and had been living ever since. 12:3 They sent for him, and Jeroboam and the whole Israelite assembly came and spoke to Rehoboam, saying, 12:4 “Your father made us work too hard. Now if you lighten the demands he made and don’t make us work as hard, we will serve you.” 12:5 He said to them, “Go away for three days, then return to me.” So the people went away. 12:6 King Rehoboam consulted with the older advisers who had served his father Solomon when he had been alive. He asked them, “How do you advise me to answer these people?” 12:7 They said to him, “Today if you show a willingness to help these people and grant their request, they will be your servants from this time forward.” 12:8 But Rehoboam rejected their advice and consulted the young advisers who served him, with whom he had grown up. 12:9 He asked them, “How do you advise me to respond to these people who said to me, ‘Lessen the demands your father placed on us’?” 12:10 The young advisers with whom Rehoboam had grown up said to him, “Say this to these people who have said to you, ‘Your father made us work hard, but now lighten our burden.’ Say this to them: ‘I am a lot harsher than my father! 12:11 My father imposed heavy demands on you; I will make them even heavier. My father punished you with ordinary whips; I will punish you with whips that really sting your flesh.’” 12:12 Jeroboam and all the people reported to Rehoboam on the third day, just as the king had ordered when he said, “Return to me on the third day.” 12:13 The king responded to the people harshly. He rejected the advice of the older men 12:14 and followed the advice of the younger ones. He said, “My father imposed heavy demands on you; I will make them even heavier. My father punished you with ordinary whips; I will punish you with whips that really sting your flesh.” 12:15 The king refused to listen to the people, because the Lord was instigating this turn of events so that he might bring to pass the prophetic announcement he had made through Ahijah the Shilonite to Jeroboam son of Nebat. 12:16 When all Israel saw that the king refused to listen to them, the people answered the king, “We have no portion in David, no share in the son of Jesse! Return to your homes, O Israel! Now, look after your own dynasty, O David!” So Israel returned to their homes. 12:17 (Rehoboam continued to rule over the Israelites who lived in the cities of Judah.) 12:18 King Rehoboam sent Adoniram, the supervisor of the work crews, out after them, but all Israel stoned him to death. King Rehoboam managed to jump into his chariot and escape to Jerusalem. 12:19 So Israel has been in rebellion against the Davidic dynasty to this very day. 12:20 When all Israel heard that Jeroboam had returned, they summoned him to the assembly and made him king over all Israel. No one except the tribe of Judah remained loyal to the Davidic dynasty. 12:21 When Rehoboam arrived in Jerusalem, he summoned 180,000 skilled warriors from all of Judah and the tribe of Benjamin to attack Israel and restore the kingdom to Rehoboam son of Solomon. 12:22 But God told Shemaiah the prophet, 12:23 “Say this to King Rehoboam son of Solomon of Judah, and to all Judah and Benjamin, as well as the rest of the people, 12:24 ‘The Lord says this: “Do not attack and make war with your brothers, the Israelites. Each of you go home, for I have caused this to happen.”’” They obeyed the Lord and went home as the Lord had ordered them to do.
Jeroboam Makes Golden Calves
12:25 Jeroboam built up Shechem in the Ephraimite hill country and lived there. From there he went out and built up Penuel. 12:26 Jeroboam then thought to himself: “Now the Davidic dynasty could regain the kingdom. 12:27 If these people go up to offer sacrifices in the Lord’s temple in Jerusalem, their loyalty could shift to their former master, King Rehoboam of Judah. They might kill me and return to King Rehoboam of Judah.” 12:28 After the king had consulted with his advisers, he made two golden calves. Then he said to the people, “It is too much trouble for you to go up to Jerusalem. Look, Israel, here are your gods who brought you up from the land of Egypt.” 12:29 He put one in Bethel and the other in Dan. 12:30 This caused Israel to sin; the people went to Bethel and Dan to worship the calves. 12:31 He built temples on the high places and appointed as priests people who were not Levites. 12:32 Jeroboam inaugurated a festival on the fifteenth day of the eighth month, like the festival celebrated in Judah. On the altar in Bethel he offered sacrifices to the calves he had made. In Bethel he also appointed priests for the high places he had made.
A Prophet from Judah Visits Bethel
12:33 On the fifteenth day of the eighth month (a date he had arbitrarily chosen) Jeroboam offered sacrifices on the altar he had made in Bethel. He inaugurated a festival for the Israelites and went up to the altar to offer sacrifices.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Adoram a man who was in charge of David's forced labor,a man who was in charge of Rehoboam's forced labor
 · Ahijah great grandson of Eli; brother of Ahimelech,son of Shisha; secretary of King Solomon,prophet from Shiloh in Jeroboam's time,a man of Issachar; father of Baasha who killed Jeroboam,son of Jerahmeel of Judah,son of Ehud son of Gera of Benjamin,a man from Beth-Pelet; one of David's military elite,a Levite guard of the Temple treasure under David
 · Benjamin the tribe of Benjamin of Israel
 · Bethel a town of Benjamin bordering Ephraim 18 km north of Jerusalem
 · Dan residents of the town of Dan; members of the tribe of Dan,the tribe of Dan as a whole; the descendants of Dan in Israel
 · David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel
 · Egypt descendants of Mizraim
 · Ephraim the tribe of Ephraim as a whole,the northern kingdom of Israel
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Jeroboam son of Nebat; first king of Israel after it split away from Judah; Jeroboam I,son and successor of Joash/Jehoash, King of Israel; Jeroboam II
 · Jerusalem the capital city of Israel,a town; the capital of Israel near the southern border of Benjamin
 · Jesse a son of Obed; the father of David the king and ancestor of Jesus,son of Obed of Judah; father of David
 · Judah the son of Jacob and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,a tribe, the land/country,a son of Joseph; the father of Simeon; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Jacob/Israel and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,the tribe of Judah,citizens of the southern kingdom of Judah,citizens of the Persian Province of Judah; the Jews who had returned from Babylonian exile,"house of Judah", a phrase which highlights the political leadership of the tribe of Judah,"king of Judah", a phrase which relates to the southern kingdom of Judah,"kings of Judah", a phrase relating to the southern kingdom of Judah,"princes of Judah", a phrase relating to the kingdom of Judah,the territory allocated to the tribe of Judah, and also the extended territory of the southern kingdom of Judah,the Province of Judah under Persian rule,"hill country of Judah", the relatively cool and green central highlands of the territory of Judah,"the cities of Judah",the language of the Jews; Hebrew,head of a family of Levites who returned from Exile,a Levite who put away his heathen wife,a man who was second in command of Jerusalem; son of Hassenuah of Benjamin,a Levite in charge of the songs of thanksgiving in Nehemiah's time,a leader who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,a Levite musician who helped Zechariah of Asaph dedicate Nehemiah's wall
 · Levi members of the tribe of Levi
 · Levites relating to Levi and the priesthood given to him,a tribal name describing people and ceremonies as sacred
 · Nebat a man of Ephraim; father of king Jeroboam
 · Penuel a town on the brook Jabbok 7 km east of Succoth,father of Gedor; a descendant of Hur of Judah,son of Shashak of Benjamin
 · Rehoboam a son of Solomon; the father of Abijah; an ancestor of Jesus,son and successor of King Solomon
 · Shechem member of the Shechem Clan and/or resident of Shechem
 · Shemaiah a prophet in the days of Rehoboam,son of Shecaniah (Hananiah Zerubbabel David Judah),forefather of Ziza, a prince of the tribe of Simeon,son of Joel of Reuben,son of Hasshub; a Levite leader of some returned exiles,son of Galal; a Levite whose descendants returned from exile,son of Elizaphan (Kohath Levi),son of Nethanel, a Levite and scribe in David's time,son of Obed-Edom; a pre-exile Levite gatekeeper,a Levite whom Jehoshaphat sent to teach the law around Judah,a Levite leader of the Jeduthun Clan in Hezekiah's time,a Levite manager of temple offerings under King Hezekiah,a chief officer of the house of God in Josiah's time,a leader of the Adonikam Clan back from exile,one of the leaders Ezra sent to Iddo to ask for recruits,a priest of the Harim Clan who put away his heathen wife,a layman of the Harim Clan who put away his heathen wife,son of Shecaniah; keeper of the East Gate under Nehemiah,son of Delaiah son of Mehetabel; an agent of Nehemiah's enemies,son of Mattaniah; priestly leader among the returned exiles,a Levite musician who helped Zechariah dedicate Nehemiah's wall,a priest who helped dedicate the wall,father of a prophet (Uriah?) from Kiriath-Jearim that Jehoiakim executed,a deceived leader in exile who demanded Jeremiah's execution,father of Delaiah, a prince of Judah in the time of Jehoiakim
 · Shilonite resident of Shiloh, or descendant of Shelah of Judah. (OS)
 · Solomon the tenth son of David; the father of Rehoboam; an ancestor of Jesus; the third king of Israel.,son of David and Bath-Sheba; successor of King David


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Jeroboam | Adoniram | Israel | KINGS, BOOKS OF | Ephraim, The tribe of | Rehoboam | Revolt | Government | ISRAEL, KINGDOM OF | Petition | CALF, GOLDEN | Rulers | Young Men | Idolatry | Shemaiah | TEMPLE, A1 | Aholah | Beth-el | Counsel | Statecraft | more
Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:2 Heb “and Jeroboam lived in Egypt.” The parallel text in 2 Chr 10:2 reads, “and Jeroboam returned from Egypt.” In a purely cons...

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:3 Heb “They sent and called for him.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:4 Heb “but you, now, lighten the burdensome work of your father and the heavy yoke which he placed on us, and we will serve you.” In the Heb...

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:6 Heb “saying.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:7 Heb “If today you are a servant to these people and you serve them and answer them and speak to them good words, they will be your servants all ...

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:8 Heb “He rejected the advice of the elders which they advised and he consulted the young men with whom he had grown up, who stood before him.R...

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:9 Heb “Lighten the yoke which your father placed on us.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:10 Heb “My little one is thicker than my father’s hips.” The referent of “my little one” is not clear. The traditional view...

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:11 Heb “My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions.” “Scorpions” might allude to some type of tortur...

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:12 Heb “came.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:14 Heb “My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions.” See the note on the same phrase in v. 11.

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:15 Heb “so that he might bring to pass his word which the Lord spoke.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:16 Heb “went to their tents.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:18 For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:20 Heb “there was no one [following] after the house of David except the tribe of Judah, it alone.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:21 Heb “he summoned all the house of Judah and the tribe of Benjamin, one hundred eighty thousand chosen men, accomplished in war.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:22 Heb “and the word of God came to Shemaiah the man of God, saying.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:24 Heb “and they heard the word of the Lord and returned to go according to the word of the Lord.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:25 The Old Greek translation has here a lengthy section consisting of twenty-three verses that are not found in the MT.

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:26 Heb “Now the kingdom could return to the house of David.” The imperfect verbal form translated “could return” is understood as...

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:27 Heb “the heart of these people could return to their master.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:28 Heb “to them,” although this may be a corruption of “to the people.” Cf. the Old Greek translation.

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:29 For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:30 The MT reads “and the people went before the one to Dan.” It is likely that some words have been accidentally omitted and that the text or...

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:31 The Hebrew text has the singular, but the plural is preferable here (see 1 Kgs 13:32). The Old Greek translation and the Vulgate have the plural.

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:32 Heb “and he offered up [sacrifices] on the altar; he did this in Bethel, sacrificing to the calves which he had made.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 12:33 For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.

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