Text -- 1 Kings 19:1-11 (NET)

Elijah Runs for His Life

19:1 Ahab told Jezebel all that Elijah had done, including a detailed account of how he killed all the prophets with the sword. 19:2 Jezebel sent a messenger to Elijah with this warning, “May the gods judge me severely if by this time tomorrow I do not take your life as you did theirs!” 19:3 Elijah was afraid, so he got up and fled for his life to Beer Sheba in Judah. He left his servant there, 19:4 while he went a day’s journey into the desert. He went and sat down under a shrub and asked the Lord to take his life: “I’ve had enough! Now, O Lord, take my life. After all, I’m no better than my ancestors.” 19:5 He stretched out and fell asleep under the shrub. All of a sudden an angelic messenger touched him and said, “Get up and eat.” 19:6 He looked and right there by his head was a cake baking on hot coals and a jug of water. He ate and drank and then slept some more. 19:7 The Lord’s angelic messenger came back again, touched him, and said, “Get up and eat, for otherwise you won’t be able to make the journey.” 19:8 So he got up and ate and drank. That meal gave him the strength to travel forty days and forty nights until he reached Horeb, the mountain of God. 19:9 He went into a cave there and spent the night. All of a sudden the Lord spoke to him, “Why are you here, Elijah?” 19:10 He answered, “I have been absolutely loyal to the Lord, the sovereign God, even though the Israelites have abandoned the agreement they made with you, torn down your altars, and killed your prophets with the sword. I alone am left and now they want to take my life.” 19:11 The Lord said, “Go out and stand on the mountain before the Lord. Look, the Lord is ready to pass by.” A very powerful wind went before the Lord, digging into the mountain and causing landslides, but the Lord was not in the wind. After the windstorm there was an earthquake, but the Lord was not in the earthquake.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 1Ki 19:2

¹ tn Heb “saying.”

² tn Heb “So may the gods do to me, and so may they add.”

³ tn Heb “I do not make your life like the life of one of them.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 19:3

¹ tc The MT has “and he saw,” but some medieval Hebrew mss as well as several ancient versions support the reading “he was afraid.” The consonantal text (וַיַּרְא, vayyar’) is ambiguous and can be vocalized וַיַּרְא (from רָאָה, ra’ah, “to see”) or וַיִּרָא (vayyira’, from יָרֵא, yare’, “to fear”).

NET Notes: 1Ki 19:4

¹ tn Or “broom tree” (also in v. 5).

² tn Heb “and asked with respect to his life to die.”

³ tn Heb “fathers.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 19:5

¹ tn Or “lay down.”

² tn Heb “Look, a messenger.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 19:6

¹ tn Heb “and again lay down”

NET Notes: 1Ki 19:7

¹ tn Heb “for the journey is too great for you.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 19:10

¹ tn Or “very zealous.” The infinitive absolute preceding the finite verb emphasizes the degree of his zeal and allegiance.

² tn Traditionally, “the God of hosts.”

³ tn Heb “abandoned your covenant.”

⁴ tn Heb “and they are seeking my life to take it.”

NET Notes: 1Ki 19:11

¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

² tn Heb “tearing away the mountains and breaking the cliffs” (or perhaps, “breaking the stones”).