1Sa 30:1-21 - Commentary

Commentary

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Text -- 1 Samuel 30:1-21 (NET)

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Context

David Defeats the Amalekites

30:1 On the third day David and his men came to Ziklag. Now the Amalekites had raided the Negev and Ziklag. They attacked Ziklag and burned it. 30:2 They took captive the women who were in it, from the youngest to the oldest, but they did not kill anyone. They simply carried them off and went on their way. 30:3 When David and his men came to the city, they found it burned. Their wives, sons, and daughters had been taken captive. 30:4 Then David and the men who were with him wept loudly until they could weep no more. 30:5 David’s two wives had been taken captive– Ahinoam the Jezreelite and Abigail the Carmelite, Nabal’s widow. 30:6 David was very upset, for the men were thinking of stoning him; each man grieved bitterly over his sons and daughters. But David drew strength from the Lord his God. 30:7 Then David said to the priest Abiathar son of Ahimelech, “Bring me the ephod.” So Abiathar brought the ephod to David. 30:8 David inquired of the Lord, saying, “Should I pursue this raiding band? Will I overtake them?” He said to him, “Pursue, for you will certainly overtake them and carry out a rescue!” 30:9 So David went, accompanied by his six hundred men. When he came to the Wadi Besor, those who were in the rear stayed there. 30:10 David and four hundred men continued the pursuit, but two hundred men who were too exhausted to cross the Wadi Besor stayed there. 30:11 Then they found an Egyptian in the field and brought him to David. They gave him bread to eat and water to drink. 30:12 They gave him a slice of pressed figs and two bunches of raisins to eat. This greatly refreshed him, for he had not eaten food or drunk water for three days and three nights. 30:13 David said to him, “To whom do you belong, and where are you from?” The young man said, “I am an Egyptian, the servant of an Amalekite man. My master abandoned me when I was ill for three days. 30:14 We conducted a raid on the Negev of the Kerethites, on the area of Judah, and on the Negev of Caleb. We burned Ziklag.” 30:15 David said to him, “Can you take us down to this raiding party?” He said, “Swear to me by God that you will not kill me or hand me over to my master, and I will take you down to this raiding party.” 30:16 So he took David down, and they found them spread out over the land. They were eating and drinking and enjoying themselves because of all the loot they had taken from the land of the Philistines and from the land of Judah. 30:17 But David struck them down from twilight until the following evening. None of them escaped, with the exception of four hundred young men who got away on camels. 30:18 David retrieved everything the Amalekites had taken; he also rescued his two wives. 30:19 There was nothing missing, whether small or great. He retrieved sons and daughters, the plunder, and everything else they had taken. David brought everything back. 30:20 David took all the flocks and herds and drove them in front of the rest of the animals. People were saying, “This is David’s plunder!” 30:21 Then David approached the two hundred men who had been too exhausted to go with him, those whom they had left at the Wadi Besor. They went out to meet David and the people who were with him. When David approached the people, he asked how they were doing.

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Cross Reference (TSK)

ITL

Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:

· Abiathar a son of Ahimelech; a high priest and counselor of David,son of Ahimelech (Ahitub I Ithamar Aaron); counselor of David

· Abigail the widow of Nabal; wife of David,daughter of Jesse; sister of King David; wife of Ithra/Jether

· Ahimelech priest (Eli Ithamar) of Nob, whom Saul killed; Ahimelech I,a priest, Ahimelech II; son of Abiathar son of Ahimelech I,a man who was part of David's fugitive band; a Hittite

· Ahinoam a woman; Saul's wife, daughter of Ahimaaz,a woman; David's wife from Jezreel

· Amalekite members of the nation of Amalek

· Amalekites members of the nation of Amalek

· Besor a brook about 6 or 8 km south of Ziklag

· Caleb son of Hezron son of Perez son of Judah

· Carmel a woman resident of the town of Carmel

· Cherethites a tribe of Philistines in southern Canaan (YC),officers who formed part of David's guard

· David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel

· Egypt descendants of Mizraim

· Egyptians descendants of Mizraim

· Jezreel a resident of the town or region of Jezreel

· Judah the son of Jacob and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,a tribe, the land/country,a son of Joseph; the father of Simeon; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Jacob/Israel and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,the tribe of Judah,citizens of the southern kingdom of Judah,citizens of the Persian Province of Judah; the Jews who had returned from Babylonian exile,"house of Judah", a phrase which highlights the political leadership of the tribe of Judah,"king of Judah", a phrase which relates to the southern kingdom of Judah,"kings of Judah", a phrase relating to the southern kingdom of Judah,"princes of Judah", a phrase relating to the kingdom of Judah,the territory allocated to the tribe of Judah, and also the extended territory of the southern kingdom of Judah,the Province of Judah under Persian rule,"hill country of Judah", the relatively cool and green central highlands of the territory of Judah,"the cities of Judah",the language of the Jews; Hebrew,head of a family of Levites who returned from Exile,a Levite who put away his heathen wife,a man who was second in command of Jerusalem; son of Hassenuah of Benjamin,a Levite in charge of the songs of thanksgiving in Nehemiah's time,a leader who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,a Levite musician who helped Zechariah of Asaph dedicate Nehemiah's wall

· Nabal a man who was a rich descendant of Caleb in David's time

· Negeb geographical region: South country

· Philistines a sea people coming from Crete in 1200BC to the coast of Canaan

· Ziklag a town in SE Judah; home of the Shime-i Clan of Simeon

Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 1Sa 30:1 The Hebrew text adds “with fire.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 30:3 Heb “and David and his men came to the city, and look, it was burned with fire.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 30:4 Heb “until there was no longer in them strength to weep.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 30:6 Heb “for bitter was the soul of all the people, each one.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 30:9 Heb “stood.” So also in v. 10.

NET Notes: 1Sa 30:12 Heb “his spirit returned to him.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 30:14 The Hebrew text adds “with fire.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 30:16 Heb “because of all the large plunder.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 30:17 Heb “who rode on camels and fled.”

NET Notes: 1Sa 30:18 Heb “David.” The pronoun (“he”) has been substituted for the proper name in the translation for stylistic reasons.

NET Notes: 1Sa 30:19 Heb “there was nothing missing to them, from the small even unto the great, and unto sons and daughters, and from loot even unto all which they ...

NET Notes: 1Sa 30:21 Heb “David.” The pronoun (“him”) has been substituted for the proper name in the translation for stylistic reasons.

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