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Text -- 2 Kings 15:19-38 (NET)

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Context
15:19 Pul king of Assyria invaded the land, and Menahem paid him a thousand talents of silver to gain his support and to solidify his control of the kingdom. 15:20 Menahem got this silver by taxing all the wealthy men in Israel; he took fifty shekels of silver from each one of them and paid it to the king of Assyria. Then the king of Assyria left; he did not stay there in the land. 15:21 The rest of the events of Menahem’s reign, including all his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 15:22 Menahem passed away and his son Pekahiah replaced him as king.
Pekahiah’s Reign over Israel
15:23 In the fiftieth year of King Azariah’s reign over Judah, Menahem’s son Pekahiah became king over Israel. He reigned in Samaria for two years. 15:24 He did evil in the sight of the Lord; he did not repudiate the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin. 15:25 His officer Pekah son of Remaliah conspired against him. He and fifty Gileadites assassinated Pekahiah, as well as Argob and Arieh, in Samaria in the fortress of the royal palace. Pekah then took his place as king. 15:26 The rest of the events of Pekahiah’s reign, including all his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel.
Pekah’s Reign over Israel
15:27 In the fifty-second year of King Azariah’s reign over Judah, Pekah son of Remaliah became king over Israel. He reigned in Samaria for twenty years. 15:28 He did evil in the sight of the Lord; he did not repudiate the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin. 15:29 During Pekah’s reign over Israel, King Tiglath-pileser of Assyria came and captured Ijon, Abel Beth Maacah, Janoah, Kedesh, Hazor, Gilead, and Galilee, including all the territory of Naphtali. He deported the people to Assyria. 15:30 Hoshea son of Elah conspired against Pekah son of Remaliah. He assassinated him and took his place as king, in the twentieth year of the reign of Jotham son of Uzziah. 15:31 The rest of the events of Pekah’s reign, including all his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel.
Jotham’s Reign over Judah
15:32 In the second year of the reign of Israel’s King Pekah son of Remaliah, Uzziah’s son Jotham became king over Judah. 15:33 He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for sixteen years in Jerusalem. His mother was Jerusha the daughter of Zadok. 15:34 He did what the Lord approved, just as his father Uzziah had done. 15:35 But the high places were not eliminated; the people continued to offer sacrifices and burn incense on the high places. He built the Upper Gate to the Lord’s temple. 15:36 The rest of the events of Jotham’s reign, including his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Judah. 15:37 In those days the Lord prompted King Rezin of Syria and Pekah son of Remaliah to attack Judah. 15:38 Jotham passed away and was buried with his ancestors in the city of his ancestor David. His son Ahaz replaced him as king.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Abel the second son of Adam and Eve; the brother of Cain,an English name representing two different Hebrew names,as representing the Hebrew name 'Hebel' or 'Habel',the second son of Adam,as representing the Hebrew name 'Abel',a town in northern Israel near Dan (OS)
 · Ahaz a son of Jotham; listed as an ancestor of Jesus,son and successor of King Jotham of Judah,son of Micah of Benjamin
 · Assyria a member of the nation of Assyria
 · Azariah son of Ahimaaz; grandson and successor of Zadok I,son of Nathan; a priest who was chief of Solomons officers,son and successor of king Amaziah of Judah,son of Ethan son of Zerah of Judah,son of Jehu son of Obed of Judah,son of Johanan; descendant of Meraioth I,son of Hilkiah before the exile; high priest Azariah III,a descendant of Hilkiah the priest,son of Zephaniah/Uriel (Korah Levi); forefather of Samuel,son of Oded; prophet under King Asa,second son of Jehoshaphat; brother of King Jehoram,fifth son of Jehoshaphat; brother of King Jehoram,son of Jeroham; a commander who helped enthrone Joash,son of Obed; a commander who helped enthrone Joash,the priest who confronted Uzziah for offering incense,a chief of Ephraim under Israel's King Pekah,father of Joel (Kohath Levi), who served under Hezekiah,son of Jehallelel (Merari Levi). He served under Hezekiah,chief priest, of Zadok's line, under Hezekiah,son of Maaseiah son of Ananiah; a repairer of Nehemiah's wall,a man who accompanied Zerubbabel back to the land of Judah,a scribe who helped Ezra explain the reading of the Law,a priest who signed the covenant to keep God's law,a prince of Judah who led praises to God on the new city wall,son of Hoshaiah; one of the leaders rebelling against Jeremiah,a man exiled from Judah and trained with Daniel in Babylon
 · City of David the capital of Israel, on the border of Benjamin and Judah
 · city of David the capital of Israel, on the border of Benjamin and Judah
 · David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel
 · Elah a chief of Edom,the valley where David killed Goliath,son and successor of Baasha, king of Israel (about 900 BC),father of Hoshea, the last king of Israel about 700 BC,son of Caleb the son of Jephunneh of Judah,son of Uzzi (Michri Benjamin) who led his clan back from exile
 · Gilead a mountainous region east of the Jordan & north of the Arnon to Hermon,son of Machir son of Manasseh; founder of the clan of Gilead,father of Jephthah the judge,son of Michael of the tribe of Gad
 · Gileadite member(s) of the clan, or residents of the region of Gilead
 · Hazor a town 15 km north of Chinnereth, the NW shore of Galilee,a town of south-eastern Judah,a town of south-eastern Judah 20 km south of Hebron (OS),a town of Ephraim 25 km north of Jerusalem,a collective name for some semi-namadic Arabs as distinct from the bedoin of the desert (OS)
 · Hoshea son of Nun of Ephraim; successor of Moses,son of Azaziah; David's chief officer over the tribe of Ephraim,son of Elah; assassin and successor of King Pekah,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to keep God's law
 · Ijon a town in the north of Israel, 10 km north of Abel-Beth-Maacah
 · Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel
 · Janoah a town on NE border of Ephraim about 10 km SE of Shechem (OS)
 · Jeroboam son of Nebat; first king of Israel after it split away from Judah; Jeroboam I,son and successor of Joash/Jehoash, King of Israel; Jeroboam II
 · Jerusalem the capital city of Israel,a town; the capital of Israel near the southern border of Benjamin
 · Jerusha daughter of Zadok; mother of King Jotham of Judah
 · Jotham the son who succeeded King Uzziah of Judah; the father of Ahaz; an ancestor of Jesus,the youngest son of Jerubbaal (Gideon),son and successor of King Azariah of Judah,son of Jahdai of Judah
 · Judah the son of Jacob and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,a tribe, the land/country,a son of Joseph; the father of Simeon; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Jacob/Israel and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,the tribe of Judah,citizens of the southern kingdom of Judah,citizens of the Persian Province of Judah; the Jews who had returned from Babylonian exile,"house of Judah", a phrase which highlights the political leadership of the tribe of Judah,"king of Judah", a phrase which relates to the southern kingdom of Judah,"kings of Judah", a phrase relating to the southern kingdom of Judah,"princes of Judah", a phrase relating to the kingdom of Judah,the territory allocated to the tribe of Judah, and also the extended territory of the southern kingdom of Judah,the Province of Judah under Persian rule,"hill country of Judah", the relatively cool and green central highlands of the territory of Judah,"the cities of Judah",the language of the Jews; Hebrew,head of a family of Levites who returned from Exile,a Levite who put away his heathen wife,a man who was second in command of Jerusalem; son of Hassenuah of Benjamin,a Levite in charge of the songs of thanksgiving in Nehemiah's time,a leader who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,a Levite musician who helped Zechariah of Asaph dedicate Nehemiah's wall
 · Kedesh a city of refuge in Naphtali, given to the Levite descendants of Gershon; originally a Canaanite town,a town in Issachar given to the GershoniteLevites,a town of south-eastern Judah near the border of Edom (YC)
 · Menahem son of Gadi from Tirzah; assassin and successor of King Shallum
 · Naphtali region/territority and the tribe of Israel,the son of Jacob and Bilhah,the tribe of people descended from Naphtali,the territory of the people of Naphtali
 · Nebat a man of Ephraim; father of king Jeroboam
 · Pekah son of Remaliah; king of Israel
 · Pekahiah son and successor of Menahem, king of Israel
 · Pul king of Assyria in the time of Menahem, king of Israel
 · Remaliah father of King Pekah, from Gilead
 · Rezin a king of Aram/Syria in the time of Jotham and Ahaz of Judah,a Levite; head of a group of temple servants in Ezra's time
 · Samaria residents of the district of Samaria
 · Syria the country to the north of Palestine,a country of north western Mesopotamia
 · more...


Dictionary Themes and Topics: TAX; TAXING | Rulers | Rekem | Pekahiah | Pekah | Ozias | Menahem | Israel | Isaiah | IMMANUEL | High place | HOSEA | Exile | Conspiracy | Calf | CHRONOLOGY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT | CAPTIVITIES OF THE JEWS | Burial | Aroer | AZARIAH | more
Table of Contents

Word/Phrase Notes
Wesley , JFB , Clarke , Defender , TSK

Word/Phrase Notes
Barnes , Poole , Haydock , Gill

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes , Geneva Bible

Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Keil-Delitzsch , Constable , Guzik

Other
Critics Ask

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)

Wesley: 2Ki 15:30 - -- The meaning is, that he began his reign in the twentieth year after the beginning of Jotham's reign; or, which is the same thing, in the fourth year o...

The meaning is, that he began his reign in the twentieth year after the beginning of Jotham's reign; or, which is the same thing, in the fourth year of Ahaz, son of Jotham.

Wesley: 2Ki 15:33 - -- Alone: for he had reigned before this, as his father's deputy.

Alone: for he had reigned before this, as his father's deputy.

Wesley: 2Ki 15:35 - -- Not of the temple, but of one of the courts of the temple, probably that which led to the king's palace.

Not of the temple, but of one of the courts of the temple, probably that which led to the king's palace.

JFB: 2Ki 15:19 - -- This is the first Assyrian king after Nimrod who is mentioned in biblical history. His name has been recently identified with that of Phalluka on the ...

This is the first Assyrian king after Nimrod who is mentioned in biblical history. His name has been recently identified with that of Phalluka on the monuments of Nineveh, and that of Menahem discovered also.

JFB: 2Ki 15:19 - -- Elsewhere it is said "Ephraim [Israel] went to the Assyrian" [Hos 5:13]. The two statements may be reconciled thus: "Pul, of his own motion, induced, ...

Elsewhere it is said "Ephraim [Israel] went to the Assyrian" [Hos 5:13]. The two statements may be reconciled thus: "Pul, of his own motion, induced, perhaps, by the expedition of Menahem against Thapsacus, advanced against the kingdom of Israel; then Menahem sent him a thousand talents in order not only to divert him from his plans of conquest, but at the same time to purchase his friendship and aid for the establishment of his own precarious sovereignty. So Menahem did not properly invite the Assyrian into the land, but only changed the enemy when marching against the country, by this tribute, into a confederate for the security of his usurped dominion. This the prophet Hosea, less concerned about the historical fact than the disposition betrayed therein, might very well censure as a going of Ephraim to the Assyrians (Hos 5:13; Hos 7:1; Hos 8:9), and a covenant-making with Asshur" (2Ki 12:1) [KEIL].

JFB: 2Ki 15:19 - -- Equal to £262,200. This tribute, which Menahem raised by a tax on the grandees of Israel, bribed Pul to return to his own country (see on 1Ch 5:26).

Equal to £262,200. This tribute, which Menahem raised by a tax on the grandees of Israel, bribed Pul to return to his own country (see on 1Ch 5:26).

JFB: 2Ki 15:23 - -- On comparing the date given with Azariah's reign, it seems that several months had intervened between the death of Menahem and the accession of Pekahi...

On comparing the date given with Azariah's reign, it seems that several months had intervened between the death of Menahem and the accession of Pekahiah, probably owing to a contest about the throne.

JFB: 2Ki 15:25 - -- Many commentators view these as the captain's accomplices. But it is more probable that they were influential friends of the king, who were murdered a...

Many commentators view these as the captain's accomplices. But it is more probable that they were influential friends of the king, who were murdered along with him.

JFB: 2Ki 15:29 - -- This monarch, who succeeded Pul on the throne of Assyria, is the only one of all the kings who does not give his genealogy, and is therefore supposed ...

This monarch, who succeeded Pul on the throne of Assyria, is the only one of all the kings who does not give his genealogy, and is therefore supposed to have been an usurper. His annals have been discovered in the Nimroud mound, describing this expedition into Syria. The places taken are here mentioned as they occurred and were conquered in the progress of an invasion.

JFB: 2Ki 15:30 - -- He did not, however, obtain possession of the kingdom till about nine or ten years after the perpetration of this crime [HALES].

He did not, however, obtain possession of the kingdom till about nine or ten years after the perpetration of this crime [HALES].

JFB: 2Ki 15:30 - -- Jotham's reign lasted only sixteen years, but the meaning is that the reign of Hoshea began in the twentieth after the beginning of Jotham's reign. Th...

Jotham's reign lasted only sixteen years, but the meaning is that the reign of Hoshea began in the twentieth after the beginning of Jotham's reign. The sacred historian, having not yet introduced the name of Ahaz, reckoned the date by Jotham, whom he had already mentioned (see 2Ch 27:8).

JFB: 2Ki 15:33 - -- That is, alone--for he had ruled as his father's viceroy [2Ki 15:5].

That is, alone--for he had ruled as his father's viceroy [2Ki 15:5].

JFB: 2Ki 15:35 - -- Not the temple itself, but one of its courts; probably that which led into the palace (2Ch 23:20).

Not the temple itself, but one of its courts; probably that which led into the palace (2Ch 23:20).

JFB: 2Ki 15:37 - -- This is the first intimation of the hostile feelings of the kings of Israel and Syria, to Judah, which led them to form an alliance and make joint pre...

This is the first intimation of the hostile feelings of the kings of Israel and Syria, to Judah, which led them to form an alliance and make joint preparations for war. [See on 2Ch 27:5.] However, war was not actually waged till the reign of Ahaz.

Clarke: 2Ki 15:19 - -- Pul, the king of Assyria - This is the first time we hear of Assyria since the days of Nimrod, its founder, Gen 10:11 Dean Prideaux supposes that th...

Pul, the king of Assyria - This is the first time we hear of Assyria since the days of Nimrod, its founder, Gen 10:11

Dean Prideaux supposes that this Pul was father of the famous Sardanapalus, the son himself being called Sardan; to which, as was frequent in those times, the father’ s name, Pul, was added, making Sardanpul of which the Greeks and Latins made Sardanapalus; and this Pul is supposed to be the same that reigned in Nineveh when Jonah preached the terrors of the Lord to that city

Clarke: 2Ki 15:19 - -- That his hand - That is, his power and influence, might be with him: in this sense is the word hand frequently used in Scripture.

That his hand - That is, his power and influence, might be with him: in this sense is the word hand frequently used in Scripture.

Clarke: 2Ki 15:20 - -- Each man fifty shekels of silver - Upwards of five pounds sterling a man.

Each man fifty shekels of silver - Upwards of five pounds sterling a man.

Clarke: 2Ki 15:21 - -- Are they not written in - the chronicles - There are no chronicles extant, in which there is any thing farther relative to this king.

Are they not written in - the chronicles - There are no chronicles extant, in which there is any thing farther relative to this king.

Clarke: 2Ki 15:25 - -- Smote him in Samaria, in the palace of the king’ s house, with Argob and Arieh - Who Argob and Arieh were we know not; some make them men, some...

Smote him in Samaria, in the palace of the king’ s house, with Argob and Arieh - Who Argob and Arieh were we know not; some make them men, some make them statues. Pekah had fifty Gileadites in the conspiracy with him.

Clarke: 2Ki 15:29 - -- Came Tiglath-pileser - He is supposed to have been the successor of Sardanapalus: Dean Prideaux makes him the same with Arbaces, called by Aelian Th...

Came Tiglath-pileser - He is supposed to have been the successor of Sardanapalus: Dean Prideaux makes him the same with Arbaces, called by Aelian Thilgamus, and by Usher Ninus junior; who, together with Belesis, headed the conspiracy against Sardanapalus, and fixed his seat at Nineveh, the ancient residence of the Assyrian kings; as did Belesis, who is called, in Isa 39:1, Baladan, fix his at Babylon

Clarke: 2Ki 15:29 - -- Took Ijon - These places belonged to Israel; and were taken by Ben-hadad, king of Syria, when he was in league with Asa, king of Judah. See 1Ki 15:2...

Took Ijon - These places belonged to Israel; and were taken by Ben-hadad, king of Syria, when he was in league with Asa, king of Judah. See 1Ki 15:20. They were regained by Jeroboam the second; and now they are taken from Israel once more by Tiglath-pileser. From 1Ch 5:26, we learn that Pul and Tiglath-pileser, kings of Assyria, carried away into captivity the two tribes of Reuben, and Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh; all that belonged to Israel, on the other side of Jordan. These were never restored to Israel.

Clarke: 2Ki 15:30 - -- Hoshea the son of Elah - in the twentieth year of Jotham - There are many difficulties in the chronology of this place. To reconcile the whole, Calm...

Hoshea the son of Elah - in the twentieth year of Jotham - There are many difficulties in the chronology of this place. To reconcile the whole, Calmet says: "Hoshea conspired against Pekah, the twentieth year of the reign of this prince, which was the eighteenth after the beginning of the reign of Jotham, king of Judah. Two years after this, that is, the fourth year of Ahaz, and the twentieth of Jotham, Hoshea made himself master of a part of the kingdom, according to 2Ki 15:30. Finally, the twelfth year of Ahaz, Hoshea had peaceable possession of the whole kingdom, according to 2Ki 17:1."

Clarke: 2Ki 15:36 - -- Now the rest of the acts of Jotham - These acts are distinctly stated in 2Ch 27:1-9. He built the high gate of the house of the Lord, and he built m...

Now the rest of the acts of Jotham - These acts are distinctly stated in 2Ch 27:1-9. He built the high gate of the house of the Lord, and he built much on the wall of Ophel. He built cities in the mountains of Judah; and in the forests he built castles and towers. He overthrew the Ammonites; and obliged them to give him one hundred talents of silver, ten thousand measures of wheat, and ten thousand of barley, for three consecutive years. He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years. These are the particulars which we learn from the place in Chronicles quoted above; few of which are mentioned in this place. As to the higher gate of the house of the Lord, commentators are not well agreed: some think it was a gate which he then made, and which did not exist before, and is the same that is called the new gate, Jer 26:10, which is very likely.

Clarke: 2Ki 15:37 - -- In those days the Lord began to send - It was about this time that the Assyrian wars, so ruinous to the Jews, began; but it was in the following rei...

In those days the Lord began to send - It was about this time that the Assyrian wars, so ruinous to the Jews, began; but it was in the following reigns that they arrived at their highest pitch of disaster to those unfaithful and unfortunate people. However much we may blame the Jews for their disobedience and obstinacy, yet we cannot help feeling for them under their severe afflictions. Grievously they have sinned, and grievously have they suffered for it. And if they be still objects of God’ s judgments, there is revelation to believe that they will yet be objects of God’ s goodness. Many think the signs of the times are favorable to this ingathering; but there is no evidence among the people themselves that the day of their redemption is at hand. They do not humble themselves; they do not seek the Lord.

Defender: 2Ki 15:19 - -- Except for Jonah's mission to Nineveh, this is the first mention of contact between Israel and the great Assyrian empire."

Except for Jonah's mission to Nineveh, this is the first mention of contact between Israel and the great Assyrian empire."

Defender: 2Ki 15:22 - -- Menahem is mentioned in an Assyrian inscription in which Pul, the king (same as Tiglath-Pileser III), boasts of receiving tribute from him (2Ki 15:19)...

Menahem is mentioned in an Assyrian inscription in which Pul, the king (same as Tiglath-Pileser III), boasts of receiving tribute from him (2Ki 15:19). Pul's various inscriptions also mention Kings. Uzziah and Ahaz of Judah and Kings. Pekah and Hoshea of Israel."

TSK: 2Ki 15:19 - -- am 3233, bc 771 Pul : Prideaux supposes that this Pul was the father of the famous Sardanapalus, who was called Sardan with his father’ s name Pu...

am 3233, bc 771

Pul : Prideaux supposes that this Pul was the father of the famous Sardanapalus, who was called Sardan with his father’ s name Pul annexed, as was frequent in those times, making Sardanpul: thus Merodach, king of Babylon, was Merodach-Baladan, because he was the son Baladan. This Pul began to reign according to Usher, am 3237, the fifth year of Menahem; and he is supposed to be the same that reigned in Nineveh, when Jonah preached in that city. 1Ch 5:25, 1Ch 5:26; Isa 9:1

Menahem : 2Ki 12:18, 2Ki 16:8, 2Ki 17:3, 2Ki 17:4, 2Ki 18:16; Hos 5:13, Hos 8:9, Hos 8:10, Hos 10:6

to confirm : 2Ki 14:5; Jer 17:5

TSK: 2Ki 15:20 - -- Menahem : 2Ki 23:35 exacted : Heb. caused to come forth the mighty : Rth 2:1; 2Sa 19:32; Job 1:3 of each man : etc. Or, rather, as Bishop Patrick rend...

Menahem : 2Ki 23:35

exacted : Heb. caused to come forth

the mighty : Rth 2:1; 2Sa 19:32; Job 1:3

of each man : etc. Or, rather, as Bishop Patrick renders, ""to give to the king of Assyria fifty shekels of silver for each man,""i.e., in his army. It may be supposed, that Menahem compelled ""the mighty men of wealth""to give much more a-piece than this sum (somewhat about 5£. sterling each) and each of them in some proportion to his affluence.

stayed not : 2Ki 15:29, 2Ki 17:3, 2Ki 17:4, 2Ki 18:14-17

TSK: 2Ki 15:21 - -- am 3232-3243, bc 772-761, 2Ki 15:15

am 3232-3243, bc 772-761, 2Ki 15:15

TSK: 2Ki 15:23 - -- am 3243, bc 761 and reigned two years : 2Ki 21:19; 1Ki 15:25, 1Ki 16:8, 1Ki 22:51; Job 20:5

am 3243, bc 761

and reigned two years : 2Ki 21:19; 1Ki 15:25, 1Ki 16:8, 1Ki 22:51; Job 20:5

TSK: 2Ki 15:24 - -- am 3243-3245, bc 761-759, 2Ki 15:9, 2Ki 15:18

am 3243-3245, bc 761-759, 2Ki 15:9, 2Ki 15:18

TSK: 2Ki 15:25 - -- am 3245, bc 759 Pekah : 2Ki 15:27; 2Ch 28:6 a captain : 2Ki 9:5; 1Ki 16:9 conspired : 2Ki 15:10, 2Ki 9:14 with Argob : From the contstruction of the H...

am 3245, bc 759

Pekah : 2Ki 15:27; 2Ch 28:6

a captain : 2Ki 9:5; 1Ki 16:9

conspired : 2Ki 15:10, 2Ki 9:14

with Argob : From the contstruction of the Hebrew Text, it would appear that Argob and Arieh were slain with the king, and that the fifty Gileadites were conspirators with Pekah.

TSK: 2Ki 15:26 - -- 2Ki 15:15

TSK: 2Ki 15:27 - -- am 3245-3265, bc 759-739 the two : 2Ki 15:2, 2Ki 15:8, 2Ki 15:13, 2Ki 15:23 Pekah : 2Ki 15:25, 2Ki 15:37; Isa 7:1, Isa 7:4, Isa 7:9

am 3245-3265, bc 759-739

the two : 2Ki 15:2, 2Ki 15:8, 2Ki 15:13, 2Ki 15:23

Pekah : 2Ki 15:25, 2Ki 15:37; Isa 7:1, Isa 7:4, Isa 7:9

TSK: 2Ki 15:28 - -- evil : 2Ki 15:9, 2Ki 15:18, 2Ki 13:2, 2Ki 13:6, 2Ki 21:2

TSK: 2Ki 15:29 - -- Tiglathpileser : Some suppose Tiglath-pileser to be the son of Sardanapalus, but the learned Prideaux makes him the same as Arbaces the Mede, called b...

Tiglathpileser : Some suppose Tiglath-pileser to be the son of Sardanapalus, but the learned Prideaux makes him the same as Arbaces the Mede, called by Alian, Thelgamus, and by Castor, Ninus Junior, who, with Belesis, headed the conspiracy against Sardanapalus, and fixed his royal seat at Nineveh, as Belesis, called in Scripture Baladan (Isa 39:1), did his at Babylon. He reigned nineteen years, from am 3257 to am 3276. 2Ki 16:7; 1Ch 5:6, 1Ch 5:26; 2Ch 28:20, 2Ch 28:21, Tiglath-pilneser, Isa 9:1

Ijon : 1Ki 15:20; 2Ch 16:4, Abel-beth-maachah, 2Sa 20:14, 2Sa 20:15

Janoah : Jos 16:6, Janohah

Kedesh : Jos 19:37, Jos 20:7

Hazor : Jos 11:1, Jos 11:10, Jos 11:13, Jos 12:19; Jdg 4:2

Gilead : Num 32:1, Num 32:40; Deu 3:15; Amo 1:3, Amo 1:13

Galilee : Jos 20:7; 1Ki 9:11; Isa 9:1, Isa 9:2; Mat 4:15, Mat 4:16

carried them : 2Ki 17:6, 2Ki 17:23; Lev 26:32, Lev 26:38, Lev 26:39; Deu 4:26, Deu 4:27, Deu 28:25, Deu 28:64, Deu 28:65; Isa 1:7, Isa 7:20

TSK: 2Ki 15:30 - -- am 3265, bc 739 made : 2Ki 15:10, 2Ki 15:25 and smote : Hos 10:3, Hos 10:7, Hos 10:15 reigned : ""After an anarchy for some years." in the twentieth :...

am 3265, bc 739

made : 2Ki 15:10, 2Ki 15:25

and smote : Hos 10:3, Hos 10:7, Hos 10:15

reigned : ""After an anarchy for some years."

in the twentieth : ""In the fourth year of Ahaz, in the twentieth year after Jotham had begun to reign.""- Usher. 2Ki 15:32, 2Ki 15:33, 2Ki 16:1, 2Ki 17:1; 2Ch 28:4-6, 2Ch 28:16; Isa 7:1-9, Isa 8:6

TSK: 2Ki 15:32 - -- am 3246, bc 758 Jotham : 2Ki 15:7; 1Ch 3:12; 2Ch 27:1-9; Mat 1:9 Jotham : Uzziah, 2Ki 15:1, 2Ki 15:7, 2Ki 15:13, 2Ki 15:17, 2Ki 15:23, 2Ki 15:27, 2Ki ...

am 3246, bc 758

Jotham : 2Ki 15:7; 1Ch 3:12; 2Ch 27:1-9; Mat 1:9

Jotham : Uzziah, 2Ki 15:1, 2Ki 15:7, 2Ki 15:13, 2Ki 15:17, 2Ki 15:23, 2Ki 15:27, 2Ki 14:21; 1Ch 3:12, Azariah

TSK: 2Ki 15:33 - -- am 3246-3262, bc 758-742 Jerusha : 2Ch 27:1, Jerushah

am 3246-3262, bc 758-742

Jerusha : 2Ch 27:1, Jerushah

TSK: 2Ki 15:34 - -- according : 2Ki 15:3, 2Ki 15:4; 2Ch 26:4, 2Ch 26:5, 2Ch 27:2

TSK: 2Ki 15:35 - -- Howbeit : 2Ki 15:4, 2Ki 18:4; 2Ch 32:12 the higher gate : 2Ch 27:3-9

Howbeit : 2Ki 15:4, 2Ki 18:4; 2Ch 32:12

the higher gate : 2Ch 27:3-9

TSK: 2Ki 15:36 - -- the rest : 2Ki 15:6, 2Ki 15:7; 2Ch 27:4-9

TSK: 2Ki 15:37 - -- am 3262, bc 742 In those days : ""At the end of Jotham’ s reign.""This Jotham died at forty-one. He was too great a blessing to be continued lon...

am 3262, bc 742

In those days : ""At the end of Jotham’ s reign.""This Jotham died at forty-one. He was too great a blessing to be continued long to such an unworthy people. His death was a judgment, especially considering the character of Ahaz, his son and successorcaps1 . fcaps0 or we read (2Ki 16:3) Ahaz made his son pass through the fire. This son may have been Hezekiah, who served the Lord, and whose prayer in sickness was most graciously herd and answered. Isa. 38:1-22

began : 2Ki 10:32; 1Sa 3:12; Jer 25:29; Luk 21:28

to send : Deu 28:48; Psa 78:49; Isa 10:5-7; Jer 16:16, Jer 43:10

Rezin : 2Ki 16:5; 2Ch 28:6; Isa 7:1, Isa 7:8; Hos 5:12, Hos 5:13

Pekah : 2Ki 15:27

TSK: 2Ki 15:38 - -- Jotham : 2Sa 7:12; 1Ki 1:2, 1Ki 14:20, 1Ki 14:31 Ahaz : 2Ki 16:1; 1Ch 3:13; 2Ch 28:1; Mat 1:9, Achaz

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)

Barnes: 2Ki 15:19 - -- This is the first distinct mention which we find in Scripture of Assyria as an aggressive power. From the native monuments we learn that she had bee...

This is the first distinct mention which we find in Scripture of Assyria as an aggressive power. From the native monuments we learn that she had been for above a century pushing her conquests beyond the Euphrates, and seeking to reduce under her dominion the entire tract between that river and Egypt. Jehu had paid tribute. Some - arguing from the use of the phrase "confirmed the kingdom"(here, and in 2Ki 14:5) - think that Jehoahaz had acknowledged Assyrian suzerainty, and consented that her monarchs should receive their investiture from the hands of the Ninevite king. But hitherto there had been no hostile invasion of Jewish or Israelite soil by an Assyrian army. Now, however, the Assyrians are at last formally introduced into the history. A series of aggressions is related in this and the four following chapters, culminating, on the one hand, in the destruction of the northern kingdom, on the other, in the complete failure of Sennacherib’ s attempt upon Judaea and Egypt.

With respect to the present expedition, there are certain difficulties. The name of Pul does not appear among the Assyrian monumental kings, and it is absent from the copies of the Assyrian Canon, containing the entire list of monarchs from about 910 B.C. to 670 B.C. Assyria Proper, moreover, appears to have been in a state of depression for some 40 years before the accession of Tiglath-Pileser 2Ki 15:29. It is probable that, during the depression of the Ninevite line, Pul, a Chaldaean and not an Assyrian king, established a second monarchy upon the Euphrates, which claimed to be the true Assyria, and was recognized as such by the nations of Syria and Palestine. His invasion was probably provoked by Menahem’ s conquest of Thapsacus, which he would view as a wanton aggression upon his territory.

A thousand talents of silver - Compared with the tribute of Hezekiah soon afterward 2Ki 18:14, this seems a large sum; but it is not beyond the resources of such a State as Samaria at the period. The tie which had bound Samaria to Assyria from the reign of Jehu to that of Jeroboam II, had ceased to exist during the period of Assyrian depression. Menahem now renewed it, undertaking the duties of a tributary, and expecting the support which Assyria was accustomed to lend to her dependencies in their struggles with their neighbors. Hence, the reproaches of Hosea (marginal reference "n").

Barnes: 2Ki 15:20 - -- Menahem exacted the money - The kings of Israel had no such ready resource in difficulties as that possessed by the kings of Judah in the templ...

Menahem exacted the money - The kings of Israel had no such ready resource in difficulties as that possessed by the kings of Judah in the temple treasury 2Ki 12:18; 2Ki 16:8. Hence, the forced contribution from the people, the odium of which was diminished by confining the levy to the comparatively rich.

Each man fifty shekels - As the silver talent contained 3,000 shekels, the levy of fifty shekels a head must have extended to 60,000 persons.

Barnes: 2Ki 15:21 - -- Assyrian inscriptions show that Menahem was subsequently redfaced to subjection by Tiglath-Pileser 2Ki 15:29.

Assyrian inscriptions show that Menahem was subsequently redfaced to subjection by Tiglath-Pileser 2Ki 15:29.

Barnes: 2Ki 15:25 - -- A captain of his - A mere "captain,"a person, therefore, of very moderate rank. The low birth of Pekah is probably glanced at in Isaiah’ s...

A captain of his - A mere "captain,"a person, therefore, of very moderate rank. The low birth of Pekah is probably glanced at in Isaiah’ s favorite designation of him as "Remaliah’ s son"Isa 7:4-5, Isa 7:9; Isa 8:6.

From the fact that Pekah employed Gileadites to carry out his designs, it has been conjectured that he himself belonged to the trans-Jordanic region.

In the palace of the king’ s house - Rather, "In the tower of the king’ s palace;"or possibly "in the harem of the king’ s palace"(1Ki 16:18 note).

Barnes: 2Ki 15:29 - -- Tiglath-Pileser is the first among the Assyrian monarchs of Scripture whom we can certainly identify with a king mentioned in the monuments. Accordi...

Tiglath-Pileser is the first among the Assyrian monarchs of Scripture whom we can certainly identify with a king mentioned in the monuments. According to the Assyrian Dr. he reigned from 745 B.C. to 727 B.C.; and the monuments show us this energetic and powerful prince (though, probably, an usurper), building and repairing palaces, levying armies, and carrying on successful wars against Merodach-Baladan in Babylonia, Rezin at Damascus, Hiram at; Tyre, the Medes, the Armenians, the natives of Northern Mesopotamia, and the Arabs who bordered upon Egypt. His Assyrian name, Tiglat-pal-zira, is composed of the elements tiglat, "adoration,"pal, "son,"and zira, a word of uncertain meaning.

Ijon and Abel-beth-maachah - On the position of some of the towns mentioned in this verse see the marginal reference and Jos 19:36. Janoah is not the Janohah of Jos 16:6 (modern Yanun, southeast of Nablous), but a city (Hunin?) near the Sea of Merom. Gilead is, probably, to be limited here to a small district of Peraea, lying to the east of Lake Merom, and in later times known as Gaulanitis (the reading of Septuagint here). If so, we must suppose two expeditions of Tiglath-Pileser against Pekah, the first mentioned here, and the second recorded in Chronicles and Isaiah (see the marginal reference "q;"2Ki 16:9 note).

Barnes: 2Ki 15:30 - -- Hoshea, the son of Elah - One of Pekah’ s friends, according to Josephus. The twentieth year of Jotham - According to 2Ki 15:33 and ...

Hoshea, the son of Elah - One of Pekah’ s friends, according to Josephus.

The twentieth year of Jotham - According to 2Ki 15:33 and 2Ch 27:1, Jotham reigned only 16 years. See also the suggestion in the margin. Strangely enough, this first year of Hoshea is also called, not the fourth, but the twelfth of Ahaz 2Ki 17:1. The chronological confusion of the history, as it stands, is striking.

Uzziah - i. e. Azariah. See 2Ki 15:1-4.

Barnes: 2Ki 15:31 - -- The rest of the acts of Pekah - On these, see 2Ki 16:5 note.

The rest of the acts of Pekah - On these, see 2Ki 16:5 note.

Barnes: 2Ki 15:32 - -- The writer here resumes the history of Judah from 2Ki 15:7, to resume and conclude the history of Israel in 2 Kings 17.

The writer here resumes the history of Judah from 2Ki 15:7, to resume and conclude the history of Israel in 2 Kings 17.

Barnes: 2Ki 15:34 - -- Jotham imitated his father in all respects, excepting in his impious usurpation of the priestly functions (2Ki 15:5 note; 2Ch 27:2).

Jotham imitated his father in all respects, excepting in his impious usurpation of the priestly functions (2Ki 15:5 note; 2Ch 27:2).

Barnes: 2Ki 15:35 - -- He built the higher gate - Jotham followed the example of his father in military, no less than in religious, matters (compare the marginal refe...

He built the higher gate - Jotham followed the example of his father in military, no less than in religious, matters (compare the marginal reference with 2Ch 26:9). The "higher"or "upper gate"of the temple is thought to have been that toward the north; and its fortification would seem to indicate fear of an attack from that quarter.

Barnes: 2Ki 15:37 - -- The recent invasions of Pul and Tiglath-Pileser had effectually alarmed Pekah and Rezin, and had induced them to put aside the traditional jealousie...

The recent invasions of Pul and Tiglath-Pileser had effectually alarmed Pekah and Rezin, and had induced them to put aside the traditional jealousies which naturally kept them apart, and to make a league offensive and defensive. Into this league they were anxious that Judaea should enter; but they distrusted the house of David, which had been so long hostile both to Damascus and to Samaria. They consequently formed the design of transferring the Jewish crown to a certain Ben-Tabeal Isa 7:6, probably a Jewish noble, perhaps a refugee at one of their courts, whom they could trust to join heartily in their schemes (2Ki 16:5 note).

Poole: 2Ki 15:19 - -- Pul the king of Assyria called by heathen authors Pulbelochus, who by the help of Arbaces the Mede vanquished Sardanapalus the last monarch of Assyri...

Pul the king of Assyria called by heathen authors Pulbelochus, who by the help of Arbaces the Mede vanquished Sardanapalus the last monarch of Assyria, and translated the kingdom to Chaldea, and was the first king of Babylon and Assyria; Arbaces being made king of the Medes and Persians.

Against the land to wit, of Israel, as the context shows.

Menahem gave i.e. agreed or promised to give, as the next verse explains it.

That his hand might be with him to confirm the kingdom in his hand; that he might assist him against all that did or should oppose him. By which it appears that his cruelty to Tiphsah was so far from establishing him, as he expected, that it weakened and endangered him so far, that he was forced to call in a foreign prince to his aid.

Poole: 2Ki 15:20 - -- Of each man i.e. of each of those wealthy Israelites. But as each of these were not equally wealthy, so it is not probable that he taxed them equally...

Of each man i.e. of each of those wealthy Israelites. But as each of these were not equally wealthy, so it is not probable that he taxed them equally. Others therefore render it to or for each man , i.e. for every Assyrian soldier; which interpretation is favoured by the placing of the words in the Hebrew text, which differs from that in our translation.

Poole: 2Ki 15:25 - -- Argob and Arieh might be either Pekah’ s partners in this treason, or the king’ s courtiers or officers, who were now slain with him. Fift...

Argob and Arieh might be either Pekah’ s partners in this treason, or the king’ s courtiers or officers, who were now slain with him.

Fifty men of the Gileadites who assisted him in the execution of his treason.

Poole: 2Ki 15:29 - -- Tiglath-pileser or, Tilgath-pilneser , 2Ch 28:20 , called in heathen authors Phulasar, or Phul-assur , the son of that Pul or Phul above, 2Ki 15:19...

Tiglath-pileser or, Tilgath-pilneser , 2Ch 28:20 , called in heathen authors Phulasar, or Phul-assur , the son of that Pul or Phul above, 2Ki 15:19 .

Abel-beth-maachah of which see 1Ki 15:20 . Janoah ; a city of Ephraim, Jos 16:6 . Kedesh and Hazor ; two cities of Naphtali, Jos 12:22 19:36 .

Gilead all the land beyond Jordan, which was nigher to the Assyrian than the rest.

Galilee to wit, the Upper Galilee, as may be gathered from the following words, all (or, even all )

the land of Naphtali which seem to be added by way of explication or restriction, to show what Galilee he meant, even the Upper, in which Naphtali’ s lot fell. See Poole "Isa 9:1" .

Poole: 2Ki 15:30 - -- Smote him, and slew him which he did more easily effect, because the people were enraged against Pekah, as the man who by his murder of king Pekahiah...

Smote him, and slew him which he did more easily effect, because the people were enraged against Pekah, as the man who by his murder of king Pekahiah the son of Menahem, whom the Assyrian monarch set up and favoured, and by his unnecessary war with Ahaz, had brought the Assyrian upon them, and caused the loss of one half of that kingdom.

In the twentieth year of Jotham the son of Uzziah

Quest. How could this be, when Jotham reigned only sixteen years, below, 2Ki 15:33 ?

Answ The meaning is, that he began his reign in the twentieth year after the beginning of Jotham’ s reign; or, which is the same thing, in the fourth year of Ahaz, son of Jotham, as appears from 2Ki 16:2 . But the sacred writer, having not yet made mention of Ahaz, thought it more proper to number Hoshea’ s years by Jotham, of whom he had spoken, than by Ahaz. Besides, as Jotham did reign divers years in his father’ s life, so might Ahaz in Jotham’ s life, and Jotham might for divers reasons (which it is needless here to inquire) resign up the administration of the kingdom wholly into Ahaz’ s hands some years before his death, and therefore might be said to reign but sixteen years, though he lived longer.

Poole: 2Ki 15:33 - -- When he began to reign to wit, properly and alone; for he had reigned before this, as his father’ s deputy and viceroy.

When he began to reign to wit, properly and alone; for he had reigned before this, as his father’ s deputy and viceroy.

Poole: 2Ki 15:35 - -- Not of the temple, properly so called; but of one of the courts of the temple, probably that which led to the king’ s palace, 2Ch 23:20 ; calle...

Not of the temple, properly so called; but of one of the courts of the temple, probably that which led to the king’ s palace, 2Ch 23:20 ; called also the new gate , Jer 26:10 36:10 .

Poole: 2Ki 15:37 - -- In those days i.e. towards the end of Jotham’ s reign. The Lord began to send i.e. disposed their hearts to unite their forces together, and t...

In those days i.e. towards the end of Jotham’ s reign.

The Lord began to send i.e. disposed their hearts to unite their forces together, and to make preparation for a war against Judah; which yet they did not execute till Ahaz’ s reign.

Haydock: 2Ki 15:20 - -- Rich. The lower classes were not perhaps entirely exempted.

Rich. The lower classes were not perhaps entirely exempted.

Haydock: 2Ki 15:25 - -- Near. Hebrew, "may be along with Argob, &c." who were in the conspiracy. (Chaldean, Septaugint, &c.) (Calmet)

Near. Hebrew, "may be along with Argob, &c." who were in the conspiracy. (Chaldean, Septaugint, &c.) (Calmet)

Haydock: 2Ki 15:26 - -- Israel. This book is lost. (Haydock) --- The Paralipomenon takes no notice of these kings; but relates only the transactions of the kings of Juda ...

Israel. This book is lost. (Haydock) ---

The Paralipomenon takes no notice of these kings; but relates only the transactions of the kings of Juda after Joas gained the victory; which greatly abridged their power, chap. xiv. 14.

Haydock: 2Ki 15:27 - -- Romelia. St. Jerome (ep. 142.) places the birth of Romulus in this year, which preceded the famous Olympiads. But Salien differs that event 14 year...

Romelia. St. Jerome (ep. 142.) places the birth of Romulus in this year, which preceded the famous Olympiads. But Salien differs that event 14 years. (The year before Christ 769.) (Haydock)

Haydock: 2Ki 15:30 - -- In the twentieth year of Joatham. That is, in the twentieth year from the beginning of Joatham's reign. The sacred writer chooses rather to follow ...

In the twentieth year of Joatham. That is, in the twentieth year from the beginning of Joatham's reign. The sacred writer chooses rather to follow here this date, tan to speak of the years of Achaz, who had not yet been mentioned. (Challoner) ---

But Joatham reigned only 16 years, (ver. 33.) so that this was the fourth year of Achaz. (Haydock) ---

Usher says that Osee did not ascend the throne till nine years after the death of Phacee, as he is asserted to have commenced his reign in the twelfth year of Achaz, chap. xvii. 1. But another difficulty arises from the mention of this 20th year, as Phacee would have reigned 22, instead of 20; (ver. 27.) for Joatham only commenced in the second year of Phacee. To reconcile these passages, we may conclude that Osee conspired against the king of Israel in the 18th year of Joatham, gained possession of part of the kingdom in the 20th of the same prince, and of the whole in the 12th of Achaz. (Calmet) ---

The pretended interregnum ought to be rejected, as the murderer of the late king would not delay to ascend the throne. Houbigant adds 10 years to the reign of Phacee, as well as to that of Zacharias: the dates assigned to the kings of Israel being otherwise so much deficient, p. 113.

Haydock: 2Ki 15:34 - -- Did he. Yet he did not imitate his presumption. God gave great success to his enterprises, 2 Paralipomenon xxvii. 2.

Did he. Yet he did not imitate his presumption. God gave great success to his enterprises, 2 Paralipomenon xxvii. 2.

Haydock: 2Ki 15:35 - -- Gate, repairing that on the east. Jeremias (xxvi. 10.) mentions the new gate. Joatham also made great additions to the walls of Jerusalem. (Para...

Gate, repairing that on the east. Jeremias (xxvi. 10.) mentions the new gate. Joatham also made great additions to the walls of Jerusalem. (Paralipomenon)

Haydock: 2Ki 15:37 - -- Began. Achaz was much more infested by these princes.

Began. Achaz was much more infested by these princes.

Gill: 2Ki 15:19 - -- And Pul the king of Assyria came against the land,.... The land of Israel, he invaded it; a Jewish chronologer u calls him Pulbelicho; and he is gener...

And Pul the king of Assyria came against the land,.... The land of Israel, he invaded it; a Jewish chronologer u calls him Pulbelicho; and he is generally thought to be the same with Belochus or Belesis, governor of Babylon, who, with Arbaces the Mede, slew Sardanapalus, said to be the last of the Assyrian kings, and translated the empire to the Chaldeans; he ruling over Babylon and Nineveh, and Arbaces over the Medes and Persians; but Pul was not a Babylonian, but an Assyrian w, and the first king of the Assyrians, at least, the Scriptures speak of: we read no more of him; but one Metasthenes, a Persian historian, feigned and published by Annius, and so named by him instead of Megasthenes, calls him Phulbelochus, and says x he reigned forty eight years:

and Menahem gave Pul a thousand talents of silver; and a talent of silver, according to Brerewood y was three hundred and seventy five pounds; but Bishop Cumberland z calculates it at three hundred and fifty three pounds eleven shillings and ten pence half penny; 1,000 of them made a large sum of money, according to the former 375,000 pounds; and this he gave to him, not only to desist from the invasion of his land, but

that his hand might be with him; and not against him:

and to confirm the kingdom in his hand; which being got by usurpation, and supported by cruelty, was but tottering.

Gill: 2Ki 15:20 - -- And Menahem exacted the money of Israel, even of all the mighty men of wealth,.... Who were most able to pay it, by which means he eased the poor, and...

And Menahem exacted the money of Israel, even of all the mighty men of wealth,.... Who were most able to pay it, by which means he eased the poor, and might thereby attach them to him:

of each man fifty shekels of silver, to give to the king of Assyria: that is, he required them to pay fifty shekels apiece to make up the above sum as a present to Pul; though the words in the original text lie more naturally thus, "to give to the king of Assyria fifty shekels of silver for one man"; that is, for every man in his army; which amounted to about six pounds a man:

so the king of Assyria turned back; to his own country:

and stayed not there in the land; in the land of Israel, neither to distress nor to help Menahem, for which he gave him the money.

Gill: 2Ki 15:21 - -- And the rest of the acts of Menahem,.... We are referred to the same book of chronicles for them as for those of the rest of the kings, which seems to...

And the rest of the acts of Menahem,.... We are referred to the same book of chronicles for them as for those of the rest of the kings, which seems to be a form the historian uses of them all.

Gill: 2Ki 15:22 - -- And Menahem slept with his fathers,.... Died a natural death, and in peace, though an usurper and a tyrant: and Pekahiah his son reigned in his ste...

And Menahem slept with his fathers,.... Died a natural death, and in peace, though an usurper and a tyrant:

and Pekahiah his son reigned in his stead; the kingdom he had usurped continued in his family.

Gill: 2Ki 15:23 - -- In the fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah, Pekahiah the son of Menahem began to reign over Israel in Samaria,.... As it was in the thirty ninth of...

In the fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah, Pekahiah the son of Menahem began to reign over Israel in Samaria,.... As it was in the thirty ninth of Azariah that his father began his reign, and he reigned ten years, they must end in the forty ninth of Azariah, and therefore there must be an interregnum of a year; perhaps the title of Pekahiah might be disputed, and it was a year before he could get settled on the throne:

and reigned two years; being slain by one of his captains, as after related.

Gill: 2Ki 15:24 - -- And he did that which was evil,.... Besides other sins, he cleaved to that of worshipping the calves, a piece of state policy all the kings of Israel ...

And he did that which was evil,.... Besides other sins, he cleaved to that of worshipping the calves, a piece of state policy all the kings of Israel gave into.

Gill: 2Ki 15:25 - -- But Pekah the son of Remaliah, a captain of his,.... The word signifies a "third" man, the third to the king, as some think; Josephus a calls him a "c...

But Pekah the son of Remaliah, a captain of his,.... The word signifies a "third" man, the third to the king, as some think; Josephus a calls him a "chiliarch", one that had the command of a thousand men:

conspired against him, and smote him in Samaria, in the palace of the king's house; Josephus b says it was at a banquet:

with Argob, and Arieh; whom, according to Abarbinel, Pekah slew with the king, being mighty men, who were always about him; but they seem rather to be conspirators with Pekah, and assisting to him in smiting the king; the former of these, Ben Gersom thinks, was governor of Argob, a country on the other side Jordan, and the latter had his name from his fortitude, which signifies a lion:

and with him fifty men of the Gileadites; which may seem to strengthen the above notion concerning Argob, since the Gileadites were of the same side of Jordan, and were near Argob, see Deu 3:13.

and he killed him, and reigned in his room, as his father killed Shallum, and reigned in his stead.

Gill: 2Ki 15:26 - -- And the rest of the acts of Pekahiah,.... The same form of expression is used as before, 2Ki 15:21, of all the kings.

And the rest of the acts of Pekahiah,.... The same form of expression is used as before, 2Ki 15:21, of all the kings.

Gill: 2Ki 15:27 - -- In the fifty second year of Azariah king of Judah Pekah the son of Remaliah began to reign over Israel in Samaria,.... Which was the last year of the ...

In the fifty second year of Azariah king of Judah Pekah the son of Remaliah began to reign over Israel in Samaria,.... Which was the last year of the reign of Azariah:

and reigned twenty years; which was a long reign for an usurper and murderer.

Gill: 2Ki 15:28 - -- And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord,.... Not only in committing the above crimes of usurpation and murder, but idolatry, and parti...

And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord,.... Not only in committing the above crimes of usurpation and murder, but idolatry, and particularly the worshipping of the calves, hinted at in the text.

Gill: 2Ki 15:29 - -- In the days of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglathpileser king of Assyria,.... Into the land of Israel; he is called by a Jewish chronologer c, Pul-Asir...

In the days of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglathpileser king of Assyria,.... Into the land of Israel; he is called by a Jewish chronologer c, Pul-Asir; so Phul-Assar by Metasthenes d, who says he reigned twenty five years; he very probably was the son of Pul the Assyrian king, mentioned 2Ki 15:19, and is thought to be the same that Aelianus e calls Tilgamos; some think he had the first part of his name from Diglath, or Diglito, by which the river Tigris is called in Pliny f, with which Assyria was washed; and that Pil, or Pul, is Baal, Bel, Jupiter, and Azar is Mars g; of all which his name is composed:

and took Ijon, and Abelbethmaachah; of which see 1Ki 15:20,

and Janoah; a city in the tribe of Ephraim, Jos 16:6.

and Kedesh, and Hazor; cities in Naphtali: Jos 19:36.

and Gilead; a country beyond Jordan, which belonged to the Reubenites, Gadites, and half tribe of Manasseh:

and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali; that is, upper Galilee, which lay in Naphtali:

and carried them captive to Assyria; which was the first captivity of Israel in which half their tribes were carried away.

Gill: 2Ki 15:30 - -- And Hoshea the son or Elab made a conspiracy against Pekah the son of Remaliah, and smote him, and slew him, and reigned in his stead,.... Did by him ...

And Hoshea the son or Elab made a conspiracy against Pekah the son of Remaliah, and smote him, and slew him, and reigned in his stead,.... Did by him as he had done by Pekahiah, 2Ki 15:28, this was measure for measure, as the Jews say: and this he did

in the twentieth year of Jotham the son of Uzziah; and yet Jotham is said to reign but sixteen years, 2Ki 15:33, this must be reckoned therefore either from the time of his being viceroy, and judging Israel in his father's lifetime, 2Ki 15:5 or this was the fourth year of Ahaz, and the twentieth year, reckoning from the time Jotham began to reign, who is the rather mentioned, because as yet the historian had taken no notice of Ahaz.

Gill: 2Ki 15:31 - -- And the rest of the acts of Pekah,.... Not recorded here, were to be read in the book of chronicles of the kings so often referred to.

And the rest of the acts of Pekah,.... Not recorded here, were to be read in the book of chronicles of the kings so often referred to.

Gill: 2Ki 15:32 - -- In the second year of Pekah, the son of Remaliah king of Israel, began Jotham the son of Uzziah king of Judah to reign. Pekah began to reign in the fi...

In the second year of Pekah, the son of Remaliah king of Israel, began Jotham the son of Uzziah king of Judah to reign. Pekah began to reign in the fifty second year of Azariah, or Uzziah, which was his last year, 2Ki 15:27, and which was the first of Pekah; Uzziah reigned full fifty two, and then Jotham succeeded, which was the beginning of the second of Pekah.

Gill: 2Ki 15:33 - -- Five and twenty years old was he when he began to reign,.... Alone, after the death of his father: and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem; and h...

Five and twenty years old was he when he began to reign,.... Alone, after the death of his father:

and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem; and his reign, upon the whole, was a good reign:

and his mother's name was Jerusha, the daughter of Zadok; a person well known in those times; Dr. Lightfoot h thinks he was high priest.

Gill: 2Ki 15:34 - -- And he did that which was right in the sight of the Lord,.... Jarchi, in 2Ch 27:2, observes, from a writer of theirs, that in all the kings of Judah b...

And he did that which was right in the sight of the Lord,.... Jarchi, in 2Ch 27:2, observes, from a writer of theirs, that in all the kings of Judah before him, even in the best, some sins were found; but in Jotham there was nothing scandalous and reproachful; and it is a high character Josephus i gives of him, that there was no virtue wanting in him; he was pious towards God, just towards men, and careful of the public good; but the inspired historian chiefly respects matters of religious worship; he did not give into idolatry:

he did according to all that his father Uzziah had done; that is, according to what was well done by him; he did not imitate him in going into the temple to burn incense, which is particularly excepted. 2Ch 27:2.

Gill: 2Ki 15:35 - -- Howbeit the high places were not removed,.... As they were not by his father, and the same is observed of the best of kings before: the people sacr...

Howbeit the high places were not removed,.... As they were not by his father, and the same is observed of the best of kings before:

the people sacrificed and burnt incense still in the high places; from which they could not be brought off by prophets or kings:

he built the higher gate of the house of the Lord; which was between the temple and the king's palace, which led to it; this he repaired and beautified, or added something to it; or otherwise it was built by Solomon, and therefore called the new gate, Jer 26:10 it is the same that was afterwards called the gate of Nicanor; the east gate, as say the Jewish writers k.

Gill: 2Ki 15:36 - -- Now the rest of the acts of Jotham, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? Of which mention is...

Now the rest of the acts of Jotham, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? Of which mention is often made by the inspired historians; some of Jotham's other acts are recorded in the canonical book of Chronicles, 2Ch 27:1.

Gill: 2Ki 15:37 - -- In those days,.... At the end of the days of Jotham, or after his death, things might be in design, and preparations made before, but nothing of what ...

In those days,.... At the end of the days of Jotham, or after his death, things might be in design, and preparations made before, but nothing of what follows came to pass in his life, but in the times of his son:

the Lord began to send against Judah Rezin the king of Syria, and Pekah the son of Remaliah: to make war with them as a scourge to Ahaz for his sins; of which is in the following chapter.

Gill: 2Ki 15:38 - -- And Jotham slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David his father,.... Died, and was buried with the kings of Judah i...

And Jotham slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David his father,.... Died, and was buried with the kings of Judah in their sepulchres:

and Ahaz his son reigned in his stead; an account of whose reign we have in the next chapter.

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:19 Heb “to keep hold of the kingdom in his hand.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:20 Heb “and Menahem brought out the silver over Israel, over the prominent men of means, to give to the king of Assyria, fifty shekels of silver fo...

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:21 Heb “As for the rest of the events of Menahem, and all which he did, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings o...

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:22 Heb “lay down with his fathers.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:23 For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:24 Heb “turn away from.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:25 The precise identity of Argob and Arieh, as well as their relationship to the king, are uncertain. The usual assumption is that they were officials as...

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:26 Heb “As for the rest of the events of Pekahiah, and all which he did, look, they are written on the scroll of the events of the days of the king...

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:27 For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:28 Heb “turn away from.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:29 Heb “them.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:30 Heb “and struck him down and killed him.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:31 Heb “As for the rest of the events of Pekah, and all which he did, look, they are written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings o...

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:33 For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:34 Heb “he did what was proper in the eyes of the Lord, according to all which Uzziah his father had done.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:36 Heb “As for the rest of the events of Jotham, and that which he did, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings o...

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:37 Heb “the Lord began to send against Judah Rezin…and Pekahiah….”

NET Notes: 2Ki 15:38 Heb “lay down with his fathers.”

Geneva Bible: 2Ki 15:19 [And] Pul the king of Assyria came against the ( g ) land: and Menahem gave Pul a thousand ( h ) talents of silver, that his hand might be with him to...

Geneva Bible: 2Ki 15:25 But Pekah the son of Remaliah, a captain of his, conspired against him, and smote him in Samaria, in the palace of the king's house, with ( i ) Argob ...

Geneva Bible: 2Ki 15:29 In the days of Pekah king of Israel ( k ) came Tiglathpileser king of Assyria, and took Ijon, and Abelbethmaachah, and Janoah, and Kedesh, and Hazor, ...

Geneva Bible: 2Ki 15:34 And he did [that which was] right in the sight of the LORD: he did according ( l ) to all that his father Uzziah had done. ( l ) He shows that his up...

Geneva Bible: 2Ki 15:37 In ( m ) those days the LORD began to send against Judah Rezin the king of Syria, and ( n ) Pekah the son of Remaliah. ( m ) After the death of Jotha...

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Commentary -- Verse Range Notes

TSK Synopsis: 2Ki 15:1-38 - --1 Azariah's good reign.5 He dying a leper, Jotham succeeds.8 Zachariah the last of Jehu's generation, reigning ill, is slain by Shallum.13 Shallum, re...

MHCC: 2Ki 15:8-31 - --This history shows Israel in confusion. Though Judah was not without troubles, yet that kingdom was happy, compared with the state of Israel. The impe...

MHCC: 2Ki 15:32-38 - --Jotham showed great respect to the temple. If magistrates cannot do all they would, for the suppressing of vice and profaneness, let them do the more ...

Matthew Henry: 2Ki 15:8-31 - -- The best days of the kingdom of Israel were while the government was in Jehu's family. In his reign, and the next three reigns, though there were ma...

Matthew Henry: 2Ki 15:32-38 - -- We have here a short account of the reign of Jotham king of Judah, of whom we are told, 1. That he reigned very well, did that which was right in t...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Ki 15:19 - -- In the time of Menahem, Pul king of Assyria invaded the land, and Menahem gave him 1000 talents of silver - more than two and a half millions of tha...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Ki 15:20-22 - -- To collect the requisite amount, Menahem imposed upon all persons of property a tax of fifty shekels each. יצא with על , he caused to arise, ...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Ki 15:23-26 - -- Reign of Pekahiah. - Pekahiah the son of Menahem began to reign "in the fiftieth year of Uzziah."As Menahem had begun to reign in the thirty-ninth y...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Ki 15:27-29 - -- Reign of Pekah. - Pekah the son of Remaliah reigned twenty years. (Note: As this is apparently at variance not only with 2Ki 15:30, according to w...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Ki 15:30-31 - -- Pekah met with his death in a conspiracy organized by Hosea the son of Elah, who made himself king "in the twentieth year of Jotham."There is someth...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Ki 15:32-36 - -- Reign of Jotham of Judah (cf. 2Ch 27:1-9). - 2Ki 15:32. "In the second year of Pekah Jotham began to reign."This agrees with the statement in 2Ki 15...

Keil-Delitzsch: 2Ki 15:37-38 - -- In those days the Lord began to send against Judah Rezin, etc. It is evident from the position of this verse at the close of the account of Jotham, ...

Constable: 2Ki 9:30--18:1 - --C. The Second Period of Antagonism 9:30-17:41 The kingdoms of Israel and Judah continued without an alli...

Constable: 2Ki 15:17-22 - --11. Menahem's evil reign in Israel 15:17-22 Menahem began Israel's seventh royal family. His rei...

Constable: 2Ki 15:23-26 - --12. Pekahiah's evil reign in Israel 15:23-26 In 742 B.C. Pekahiah began his two-year reign (742-...

Constable: 2Ki 15:27-31 - --13. Pekah's evil reign in Israel 15:27-31 Though the writer did not clarify this point, it seems...

Constable: 2Ki 15:32-38 - --14. Jotham's good reign in Judah 15:32-38 Jotham's 16 year reign over Judah (750-735 B.C.) began...

Guzik: 2Ki 15:1-38 - --2 Kings 15 - Unstable Monarchy in Israel A. The reign of Azariah (Uzziah) over Judah 1. (1-4) A summary of his reign. In the twenty-seventh year o...

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Commentary -- Other

Critics Ask: 2Ki 15:27 2 KINGS 15:27 —How can this verse say Pekah ruled over Samaria for 20 years when he took Samaria 8 years before the end of his reign? PROBLEM: ...

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Introduction / Outline

JFB: 2 Kings (Book Introduction) THE FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF KINGS, in the ancient copies of the Hebrew Bible, constitute one book. Various titles have been given them; in the Septu...

JFB: 2 Kings (Outline) MOAB REBELS. (2Ki 1:1) AHAZIAH'S JUDGMENT BY ELIJAH. (2Ki 1:2-8) ELIJAH BRINGS FIRE FROM HEAVEN ON AHAZIAH'S MESSENGERS. (2Ki 1:9-16) AHAZIAH DIES, A...

TSK: 2 Kings (Book Introduction) The events detailed in these books (Kings) are highly interesting and important. The account of the wisdom, magnificence, and extended commerce of So...

TSK: 2 Kings 15 (Chapter Introduction) Overview 2Ki 15:1, Azariah’s good reign; 2Ki 15:5, He dying a leper, Jotham succeeds; 2Ki 15:8, Zachariah the last of Jehu’s generation, reign...

Poole: 2 Kings 15 (Chapter Introduction) KINGS CHAPTER 15 Azariah, his good reign, but is punished with leprosy, and dieth, 2Ki 15:1-7 . Zachariah reigneth ill; is slain by Shallum; who re...

MHCC: 2 Kings 15 (Chapter Introduction) (2Ki 15:1-7) Reign of Azariah, or Uzziah, king of Judah. (v. 8-31) The latter kings of Israel. (v. 32-38) Jotham, king of Judah.

Matthew Henry: 2 Kings (Book Introduction) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The Second Book of Kings This second book of the Kings (which the Septuagint, numbering from Samuel, ca...

Matthew Henry: 2 Kings 15 (Chapter Introduction) In this chapter, I. The history of two of the kings of Judah is briefly recorded: - 1. Of Azariah, or Uzziah (2Ki 15:1-7). 2. Of Jotham his son (...

Constable: 2 Kings (Book Introduction) Introduction Second Kings continues the narrative begun in 1 Kings. It opens with the translation of godly Elijah to hea...

Constable: 2 Kings (Outline) Outline (Continued from notes on 1 Kings) 3. Ahaziah's evil reign in Israel -1 Kings 22:51-2...

Constable: 2 Kings 2 Kings Bibliography Ackroyd, Peter R. "An Interpretation of the Babylonian Exile: A Study of 2 Kings 20, Isaia...

Haydock: 2 Kings (Book Introduction) THE FOURTH BOOK OF KINGS. INTRODUCTION. This Book brings us to the conclusion of the kingdom of Israel, (chap. xvii.) and to the captivity of ...

Gill: 2 Kings (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO 2 KINGS This, and the preceding book, are properly but one book divided into two parts, because of the size of it, as the book of S...

Gill: 2 Kings 15 (Chapter Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO 2 KINGS 15 This chapter begins with the reign of Azariah king of Judah, 2Ki 15:1, and then gives a short account of the several kin...

Advanced Commentary (Dictionaries, Hymns, Arts, Sermon Illustration, Question and Answers, etc)


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