Text -- 2 Kings 17:18-41 (NET)

17:18 So the Lord was furious with Israel and rejected them; only the tribe of Judah was left. 17:19 Judah also failed to keep the commandments of the Lord their God; they followed Israel’s example. 17:20 So the Lord rejected all of Israel’s descendants; he humiliated them and handed them over to robbers, until he had thrown them from his presence. 17:21 He tore Israel away from David’s dynasty, and Jeroboam son of Nebat became their king. Jeroboam drove Israel away from the Lord and encouraged them to commit a serious sin. 17:22 The Israelites followed in the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat and did not repudiate them. 17:23 Finally the Lord rejected Israel just as he had warned he would do through all his servants the prophets. Israel was deported from its land to Assyria and remains there to this very day.

The King of Assyria Populates Israel with Foreigners

17:24 The king of Assyria brought foreigners from Babylon, Cuthah, Avva, Hamath, and Sepharvaim and settled them in the cities of Samaria in place of the Israelites. They took possession of Samaria and lived in its cities. 17:25 When they first moved in, they did not worship the Lord. So the Lord sent lions among them and the lions were killing them. 17:26 The king of Assyria was told, “The nations whom you deported and settled in the cities of Samaria do not know the requirements of the God of the land, so he has sent lions among them. They are killing the people because they do not know the requirements of the God of the land.” 17:27 So the king of Assyria ordered, “Take back one of the priests whom you deported from there. He must settle there and teach them the requirements of the God of the land.” 17:28 So one of the priests whom they had deported from Samaria went back and settled in Bethel. He taught them how to worship the Lord. 17:29 But each of these nations made its own gods and put them in the shrines on the high places that the people of Samaria had made. Each nation did this in the cities where they lived. 17:30 The people from Babylon made Succoth Benoth, the people from Cuth made Nergal, the people from Hamath made Ashima, 17:31 the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak, and the Sepharvites burned their sons in the fire as an offering to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim. 17:32 At the same time they worshiped the Lord. They appointed some of their own people to serve as priests in the shrines on the high places. 17:33 They were worshiping the Lord and at the same time serving their own gods in accordance with the practices of the nations from which which they had been deported. 17:34 To this very day they observe their earlier practices. They do not worship the Lord; they do not obey the rules, regulations, law, and commandments that the Lord gave the descendants of Jacob, whom he renamed Israel. 17:35 The Lord made an agreement with them and instructed them, “You must not worship other gods. Do not bow down to them, serve them, or offer sacrifices to them. 17:36 Instead you must worship the Lord, who brought you up from the land of Egypt by his great power and military ability; bow down to him and offer sacrifices to him. 17:37 You must carefully obey at all times the rules, regulations, law, and commandments he wrote down for you. You must not worship other gods. 17:38 You must never forget the agreement I made with you, and you must not worship other gods. 17:39 Instead you must worship the Lord your God; then he will rescue you from the power of all your enemies.” 17:40 But they pay no attention; instead they observe their earlier practices. 17:41 These nations are worshiping the Lord and at the same time serving their idols; their sons and grandsons do just as their fathers have done, to this very day.

Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:18

¹ tn Heb “very angry.”

² tn Heb “turned them away from his face.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:19

¹ tn Heb “they walked in the practices of Israel which they did.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:20

¹ tn Or “afflicted.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:21

¹ tn Heb “and they made Jeroboam son of Nebat king.”

² tc The consonantal text (Kethib) assumes the verb is נָדָא (nada’), an alternate form of נָדָה (nadah), “push away.” The marginal reading (Qere) assumes the verb נָדָח (nadakh), “drive away.”

³ tn Heb “a great sin.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:22

¹ tn Heb “turn away from.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:23

¹ tn Heb “until.”

² tn Heb “the Lord turned Israel away from his face.”

³ tn Heb “just as he said.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:24

¹ tn The object is supplied in the translation.

² sn In vv. 24-29 Samaria stands for the entire northern kingdom of Israel.

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:25

¹ tn Heb “in the beginning of their living there.”

² tn Heb “fear.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:26

¹ tn Heb “and they said to the king of Assyria, saying.” The plural subject of the verb is indefinite.

² tn Heb “Look they are killing them.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:27

¹ tc The second plural subject may refer to the leaders of the Assyrian army. However, some prefer to read “whom I deported,” changing the verb to a first person singular form with a third masculine plural pronominal suffix. This reading has some support from Hebrew, Greek, and Aramaic witnesses.

² tc Heb “and let them go and let them live there, and let him teach them the requirements of the God of the land.” The two plural verbs seem inconsistent with the preceding and following contexts, where only one priest is sent back to Samaria. The singular has the support of Greek, Syriac, and Latin witnesses.

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:28

¹ map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.

² tn Heb “fear.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:29

¹ sn The verb “make” refers to the production of idols. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 210-11.

² tn Heb “Samaritans.” This refers to the Israelites who had been deported from the land.

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:30

¹ sn No deity is known by the name Succoth Benoth in extant Mesopotamian literature. For speculation as to the identity of this deity, see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 211.

² sn Nergal was a Mesopotamian god of the underworld.

³ sn This deity is unknown in extra-biblical literature. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 211-12.

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:31

¹ sn Nibhaz and Tartak were two Elamite deities. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 212.

² sn Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of the Sepharvaim are unknown in extra-biblical literature. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 212.

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:32

¹ tn Heb “feared.”

² tn Heb “and they appointed for themselves from their whole people priests for the high places and they were serving for them in the house[s] of the high places.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:33

¹ tn Heb “fearing.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:34

¹ tn Heb “fear.”

² tn Heb “commanded.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:35

¹ tn Or “covenant.”

² sn That is, the descendants of Jacob/Israel (see v. 35b).

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:36

¹ tn Heb “and outstretched arm.”

NET Notes: 2Ki 17:40

¹ sn This refers to the foreigners whom the king of Assyria settled in the land (see v. 35a).