2Sa 24:1-17 - Commentary

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Text -- 2 Samuel 24:1-17 (NET)

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Context

David Displeases the Lord by Taking a Census

24:1 The Lord’s anger again raged against Israel, and he incited David against them, saying, “Go count Israel and Judah.” 24:2 The king told Joab, the general in command of his army, “Go through all the tribes of Israel from Dan to Beer Sheba and muster the army, so I may know the size of the army.” 24:3 Joab replied to the king, “May the Lord your God make the army a hundred times larger right before the eyes of my lord the king! But why does my master the king want to do this?” 24:4 But the king’s edict stood, despite the objections of Joab and the leaders of the army. So Joab and the leaders of the army left the king’s presence in order to muster the Israelite army. 24:5 They crossed the Jordan and camped at Aroer, on the south side of the city, at the wadi of Gad, near Jazer. 24:6 Then they went on to Gilead and to the region of Tahtim Hodshi, coming to Dan Jaan and on around to Sidon. 24:7 Then they went to the fortress of Tyre and all the cities of the Hivites and the Canaanites. Then they went on to the Negev of Judah, to Beer Sheba. 24:8 They went through all the land and after nine months and twenty days came back to Jerusalem. 24:9 Joab reported the number of warriors to the king. In Israel there were 800,000 sword-wielding warriors, and in Judah there were 500,000 soldiers. 24:10 David felt guilty after he had numbered the army. David said to the Lord, “I have sinned greatly by doing this! Now, O Lord, please remove the guilt of your servant, for I have acted very foolishly.” 24:11 When David got up the next morning, the Lord had already spoken to Gad the prophet, David’s seer: 24:12 “Go, tell David, ‘This is what the Lord says: I am offering you three forms of judgment. Pick one of them and I will carry it out against you.’” 24:13 Gad went to David and told him, “Shall seven years of famine come upon your land? Or shall you flee for three months from your enemy with him in hot pursuit? Or shall there be three days of plague in your land? Now decide what I should tell the one who sent me.” 24:14 David said to Gad, “I am very upset! I prefer that we be attacked by the Lord, for his mercy is great; I do not want to be attacked by men!” 24:15 So the Lord sent a plague through Israel from the morning until the completion of the appointed time. Seventy thousand men died from Dan to Beer Sheba. 24:16 When the angel extended his hand to destroy Jerusalem, the Lord relented from his judgment. He told the angel who was killing the people, “That’s enough! Stop now!” (Now the Lord’s angel was near the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.) 24:17 When he saw the angel who was destroying the people, David said to the Lord, “Look, it is I who have sinned and done this evil thing! As for these sheep– what have they done? Attack me and my family.”

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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:

· Araunah a Hittite man who was a native of Jebus, later called Jerusalem

· Aroer a town by the Wadi Arnon on the border of Reuben and Gad,a town in the desert of Judah

· Beer-Sheba a famous well, its town and district in southern Judah

· Beer-sheba a famous well, its town and district in southern Judah

· Canaanites the region ofeast Mediterranean coastal land from Arvad (modern Lebanon) south to Gaza,the coast land from Mt. Carmel north to the Orontes River

· Dan residents of the town of Dan; members of the tribe of Dan,the tribe of Dan as a whole; the descendants of Dan in Israel

· David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel

· Gad the tribe of Israel descended from Gad, the son of Jacob,the man; the son of Jacob and Zilpah,the tribe of Gad in Israel,a prophet and long time advisor to King David

· Gilead a mountainous region east of the Jordan & north of the Arnon to Hermon,son of Machir son of Manasseh; founder of the clan of Gilead,father of Jephthah the judge,son of Michael of the tribe of Gad

· Hittite a person/people living in the land of Syro-Palestine

· Hivite a person/people descended from Canaan son of Ham son of Noah

· Israel a citizen of Israel.,a member of the nation of Israel

· Jazer a town on the east side of the Jordan

· Jebusite resident(s) of the town of Jebus (Jerusalem)

· Jerusalem the capital city of Israel,a town; the capital of Israel near the southern border of Benjamin

· Joab son of Zeruiah, David's sister; commander of King David's army,son of Seraiah son of Kenaz of Judah; grand nephew of Caleb of Moses' time,a man whose descendants returned from exile in Babylon,ancestor of a family group who returned from exile headed by Obadiah the son of Jehiel

· Jordan the river that flows from Lake Galilee to the Dead Sea,a river that begins at Mt. Hermon, flows south through Lake Galilee and on to its end at the Dead Sea 175 km away (by air)

· Judah the son of Jacob and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,a tribe, the land/country,a son of Joseph; the father of Simeon; an ancestor of Jesus,son of Jacob/Israel and Leah; founder of the tribe of Judah,the tribe of Judah,citizens of the southern kingdom of Judah,citizens of the Persian Province of Judah; the Jews who had returned from Babylonian exile,"house of Judah", a phrase which highlights the political leadership of the tribe of Judah,"king of Judah", a phrase which relates to the southern kingdom of Judah,"kings of Judah", a phrase relating to the southern kingdom of Judah,"princes of Judah", a phrase relating to the kingdom of Judah,the territory allocated to the tribe of Judah, and also the extended territory of the southern kingdom of Judah,the Province of Judah under Persian rule,"hill country of Judah", the relatively cool and green central highlands of the territory of Judah,"the cities of Judah",the language of the Jews; Hebrew,head of a family of Levites who returned from Exile,a Levite who put away his heathen wife,a man who was second in command of Jerusalem; son of Hassenuah of Benjamin,a Levite in charge of the songs of thanksgiving in Nehemiah's time,a leader who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,a Levite musician who helped Zechariah of Asaph dedicate Nehemiah's wall

· Kadesh an oasis 100 km south of Gaza & 120 km NNW of Ezion-Geber, where Israel made an encampment

· Negeb geographical region: South country

· Sidon residents of the town of Sidon

· Tyre a resident of the town of Tyre

Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 2Sa 24:1 The parallel text in 1 Chr 21:1 says, “An adversary opposed Israel, inciting David to count how many warriors Israel had.” The Samuel vers...

NET Notes: 2Sa 24:4 Heb “and the word of the king was stronger than.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 24:5 Heb “in the middle of.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 24:6 For location see Map1 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.

NET Notes: 2Sa 24:7 For location see Map1 A2; Map2 G2; Map4 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.

NET Notes: 2Sa 24:8 For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

NET Notes: 2Sa 24:9 Heb “and Joab gave the number of the numbering of the people.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 24:10 Heb “and the heart of David struck him.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 24:11 Heb “and the word of the Lord came.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 24:13 Heb “now know and see.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 24:14 Heb “There is great distress to me. Let us fall into the hand of the Lord, for great is his mercy, but into the hand of man let me not fall.R...

NET Notes: 2Sa 24:16 Heb “Now, drop your hand.”

NET Notes: 2Sa 24:17 Heb “let your hand be against me and against the house of my father.”

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