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Text -- Acts 16:6-10 (NET)

Strongs On/Off
Context
Paul’s Vision of the Macedonian Man
16:6 They went through the region of Phrygia and Galatia, having been prevented by the Holy Spirit from speaking the message in the province of Asia. 16:7 When they came to Mysia, they attempted to go into Bithynia, but the Spirit of Jesus did not allow them to do this, 16:8 so they passed through Mysia and went down to Troas. 16:9 A vision appeared to Paul during the night: A Macedonian man was standing there urging him, “Come over to Macedonia and help us!” 16:10 After Paul saw the vision, we attempted immediately to go over to Macedonia, concluding that God had called us to proclaim the good news to them.
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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:
 · Asia A Roman province on the west side of Asia Minor.
 · Bithynia a region in NW Asia Minor that, together with Pontus, forms a Roman province (OS)
 · Galatia a nation, and later a Roman province, in central Asia Minor
 · Macedonia a Roman province north of Greece which included 10 Roman colonies (IBD),citizens of the province of Macedonia
 · Mysia a the northern portion of the Roman province of Asia
 · Paul a man from Tarsus who persecuted the church but became a missionary and writer of 13 Epistles
 · Phrygia a region located in central Asia Minor
 · Troas a town in northwest Asia Minor


Dictionary Themes and Topics: Troas | SILAS | Paul | PHILIPPIANS, THE EPISTLE TO THE | PHILIPPI | PAUL, THE APOSTLE, 5 | Mysia | Macedonia | Lycaonia | LAW IN THE NEW TESTAMENT | Holy Spirit | Holy Ghost | Galatians, Epistle to | Galatia | GALATIANS, EPISTLE TO THE | Dream | CORINTH | Asia | ANTIOCH, OF PISIDIA | ACTS OF THE APOSTLES, 1-7 | more
Table of Contents

Word/Phrase Notes
Robertson , Vincent , Wesley , JFB , Clarke , Calvin , Defender , TSK

Word/Phrase Notes
Barnes , Poole , Haydock , Gill

Verse Notes / Footnotes
NET Notes , Geneva Bible

Verse Range Notes
TSK Synopsis , Combined Bible , Maclaren , MHCC , Matthew Henry , Barclay , Constable , College , McGarvey

Other
Critics Ask , Evidence

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per phrase)

Robertson: Act 16:6 - -- The region of Phrygia and Galatia ( tēn Phrugian kai Galatikēn chōran ). This is probably the correct text with one article and apparently desc...

The region of Phrygia and Galatia ( tēn Phrugian kai Galatikēn chōran ).

This is probably the correct text with one article and apparently describes one "Region"or District in The Province of Galatia which was also Phrygian (the old-ethnographic name with which compare the use of Lycaonia in Act 14:6). Strictly speaking Derbe and Lystra, though in the Province of Galatia, were not Phrygian, and so Luke would here be not resumptive of the record in Act 14:1-5; but a reference to the country around Iconium and Antioch in Pisidia in North Galatia is not included. This verse is hotly disputed at every point by the advocates of the North Galatian theory as represented by Chase and the South Galatian theory by Ramsay. Whatever is true in regard to the language of Luke here and in Act 18:23, it is still possible for Paul in Gal 1:2 to use the term Galatia of the whole province of that name which could, in fact, apply to either South or North Galatia or to both. He could, of course, use it also in the ethnographic sense of the real Gauls or Celts who dwelt in North Galatia. Certainly the first tour of Paul and Barnabas was in the Province of Galatia though touching only the Regions of Pisidia, Phrygia, and Lycaonia, which province included besides the Gauls to the north. In this second tour Lycaonia has been already touched (Derbe and Lystra) and now Phrygia. The question arises why Luke here and in Act 18:23 adds the term "of Galatia"(Galatikēn ) though not in Act 13:14 (Pisidian Antioch) nor in Act 14:6 (cities of Lycaonia). Does Luke mean to use "of Galatia"in the same ethnographic sense as "of Phrygia"or does he here add the province (Galatia) to the name of the Region (Phrygia)? In itself either view is possible and it really matters very little except that the question is raised whether Paul went into the North Galatian Region on this occasion or later (Act 18:23). He could have done so and the Epistle be addressed to the churches of South Galatia, North Galatia, or the province as a whole. But the Greek participle kōluthentes ("having been forbidden") plays a part in the argument that cannot be overlooked whether Luke means to say that Paul went north or not. This aorist passive participle of kōluō , to hinder, can only express simultaneous or antecedent action, not subsequent action as Ramsay argues. No example of the so-called subsequent use of the aorist participle has ever been found in Greek as all Greek grammarians agree (Robertson, Grammar , pp. 860-63, 1112-14). The only natural meaning of kōluthentes is that Paul with Silas and Timothy "passed through the region of Phrygia and Galatia"because they were hindered by the Holy Spirit from speaking the word in Asia (the Province of Asia of which Ephesus was the chief city and west of Derbe and Lystra). This construction implies that the country called "the region of Phrygia and Galatia"is not in the direct line west toward Ephesus. What follows in Act 16:7throws further light on the point.

Robertson: Act 16:7 - -- Over against Mysia ( kata tēn Musian ). This was an ill-defined region rather north and west of Phrygia. The Romans finally absorbed most of it in ...

Over against Mysia ( kata tēn Musian ).

This was an ill-defined region rather north and west of Phrygia. The Romans finally absorbed most of it in the Province of Asia.

Robertson: Act 16:7 - -- They assayed to go into Bithynia ( epeirazon eis tēn Bithunian poreuthēnai ). Conative imperfect of peirazō and ingressive aorist passive inf...

They assayed to go into Bithynia ( epeirazon eis tēn Bithunian poreuthēnai ).

Conative imperfect of peirazō and ingressive aorist passive infinitive of poreuomai . Now Bithynia is northeast of Mysia and north of Galatia (province). Clearly Luke means to say that Paul had, when hindered by the Holy Spirit from going west into Asia, gone north so as to come in front of Bithynia. This journey would take him directly through Phrygia and the North Galatian country (the real Gauls or Celts). This is, to my mind, the strongest argument for the North Galatian view in these Act 16:6, Act 16:7. The grammar and the topography bring Paul right up to Bithynia (north of the old Galatia). It is Act 16:6, Act 16:7 that make me pause before accepting the plausible arguments of Ramsay for the South Galatian theory. In itself the problem is nothing like so important or so determinative as he makes it. But shall we smash Luke’ s grammar to pieces to bolster up a theory of criticism?

Robertson: Act 16:7 - -- And the Spirit of Jesus suffered them not ( kai ouk eiasen autous to pneuma Iēsou ). The same Spirit who in Act 16:6had forbidden going into Asia n...

And the Spirit of Jesus suffered them not ( kai ouk eiasen autous to pneuma Iēsou ).

The same Spirit who in Act 16:6had forbidden going into Asia now closed the door into Bithynia. This expression occurs nowhere else, but we have the spirit of Christ (Rom 8:9) and the Spirit of Jesus Christ (Phi 1:19). Eiasen is first aorist active indicative of eaō , old verb to allow.

Robertson: Act 16:8 - -- Passing by Mysia ( parelthontes tēn Musian ). Literally, passing alongside or skirting Mysia, neglecting it without preaching there. Strictly they ...

Passing by Mysia ( parelthontes tēn Musian ).

Literally, passing alongside or skirting Mysia, neglecting it without preaching there. Strictly they passed through part of it to reach Troas.

Robertson: Act 16:8 - -- To Troas ( eis Troiada ). This city, named Alexandria Troas after Alexander the Great, was the seaport of Mysia, though a Roman colony and not counte...

To Troas ( eis Troiada ).

This city, named Alexandria Troas after Alexander the Great, was the seaport of Mysia, though a Roman colony and not counted as part of either Asia or Bithynia. New Ilium, on the site of the old Troy, was four miles farther north. It was the place to take ship for Philippi. Twice again Paul will be here (2Co 2:12; Act 20:6).

Robertson: Act 16:9 - -- A vision ( horama ). Old word, eleven times in Acts, once in Mat 17:9. Twice Paul had been hindered by the Holy Spirit from going where he wanted to ...

A vision ( horama ).

Old word, eleven times in Acts, once in Mat 17:9. Twice Paul had been hindered by the Holy Spirit from going where he wanted to go. Most men would have gone back home with such rebuffs, but not so Paul. Now the call is positive and not negative, to go "far hence to the Gentiles"(Act 22:21). He had little dreamed of such a call when he left Antioch. Paul’ s frequent visions always came at real crises in his life.

Robertson: Act 16:9 - -- A man of Macedonia ( anēr Makedōn ). Ramsay follows Renan in the view that this was Luke with whom Paul had conversed about conditions in Macedon...

A man of Macedonia ( anēr Makedōn ).

Ramsay follows Renan in the view that this was Luke with whom Paul had conversed about conditions in Macedonia. Act 16:10makes it plain that Luke was now in the party, but when he joined them we do not know. Some hold that Luke lived at Antioch in Syria and came on with Paul and Silas, others that he joined them later in Galatia, others that he appeared now either as Paul’ s physician or new convert. Ramsay thinks that Philippi was his home at this time. But, whatever is true about Luke, the narrative must not be robbed of its supernatural aspect (Act 10:10; Act 22:17).

Robertson: Act 16:9 - -- Was standing ( ēn hestōs ). Second perfect active participle of histēmi , intransitive, periphrastic imperfect. Vivid picture.

Was standing ( ēn hestōs ).

Second perfect active participle of histēmi , intransitive, periphrastic imperfect. Vivid picture.

Robertson: Act 16:9 - -- Help us ( boēthēson hēmin ). Ingressive first aorist active imperative of boētheō (boē , theō ), to run at a cry, to help. The man ...

Help us ( boēthēson hēmin ).

Ingressive first aorist active imperative of boētheō (boē , theō ), to run at a cry, to help. The man uses the plural for all including himself. It was the cry of Europe for Christ.

Robertson: Act 16:10 - -- We sought ( ezētēsamen ). This sudden use of the plural, dropped in Act 17:1 when Paul leaves Philippi, and resumed in Act 20:5 when Paul rejoins...

We sought ( ezētēsamen ).

This sudden use of the plural, dropped in Act 17:1 when Paul leaves Philippi, and resumed in Act 20:5 when Paul rejoins Luke in Philippi, argues conclusively that Luke, the author, is in the party ("we"portions of Acts) and shows in a writer of such literary skill as Luke that he is not copying a document in a blundering sort of way. Paul told his vision to the party and they were all ready to respond to the call.

Robertson: Act 16:10 - -- Concluding ( sunbibazontes ). A very striking word, present active participle of sunbibazō , old verb to make go together, to coalesce or knit toge...

Concluding ( sunbibazontes ).

A very striking word, present active participle of sunbibazō , old verb to make go together, to coalesce or knit together, to make this and that agree and so to conclude. Already in Act 9:22 of Paul’ s preaching. This word here gives a good illustration of the proper use of the reason in connection with revelation, to decide whether it is a revelation from God, to find out what it means for us, and to see that we obey the revelation when understood. God had called them to preach to the Macedonians. They had to go.

Vincent: Act 16:6 - -- Asia See on Act 2:9.

Asia

See on Act 2:9.

Vincent: Act 16:8 - -- Passing by Mysia Not avoiding, since they could not reach Troas without traversing it; but omitting it as a preaching-place.

Passing by Mysia

Not avoiding, since they could not reach Troas without traversing it; but omitting it as a preaching-place.

Vincent: Act 16:8 - -- Came down From the highlands to the coast.

Came down

From the highlands to the coast.

Vincent: Act 16:10 - -- We sought Note the introduction, for the first time here, of the first person, intimating the presence of the author with Paul.

We sought

Note the introduction, for the first time here, of the first person, intimating the presence of the author with Paul.

Vincent: Act 16:10 - -- Assuredly gathering ( συμβιβάζοντες ) See on proving, Act 9:22.

Assuredly gathering ( συμβιβάζοντες )

See on proving, Act 9:22.

Wesley: Act 16:6 - -- And spoken there what was sufficient, as well as in the region of Galatia, being forbid by the Spirit (probably by an inward dictate) to speak as yet ...

And spoken there what was sufficient, as well as in the region of Galatia, being forbid by the Spirit (probably by an inward dictate) to speak as yet in the proconsular Asia, the time for it not being come.

Wesley: Act 16:7 - -- Forbidding them as before. Sometimes a strong impression, for which we are not able to give any account, is not altogether to be despised.

Forbidding them as before. Sometimes a strong impression, for which we are not able to give any account, is not altogether to be despised.

Wesley: Act 16:9 - -- It was not a dream, though it was by night. No other dream is mentioned in the New Testament than that of Joseph and of Pilate's wife.

It was not a dream, though it was by night. No other dream is mentioned in the New Testament than that of Joseph and of Pilate's wife.

Wesley: Act 16:9 - -- Probably an angel clothed in the Macedonian habit, or using the language of the country, and representing the inhabitants of it.

Probably an angel clothed in the Macedonian habit, or using the language of the country, and representing the inhabitants of it.

Wesley: Act 16:9 - -- Against Satan, ignorance, and sin.

Against Satan, ignorance, and sin.

Wesley: Act 16:10 - -- This is the first place in which St. Luke intimates his attendance on the apostle. And here he does it only in an oblique manner. Nor does he througho...

This is the first place in which St. Luke intimates his attendance on the apostle. And here he does it only in an oblique manner. Nor does he throughout the history once mention his own name, or any one thing which he did or said for the service of Christianity; though Paul speaks of him in the most honourable terms, Col 4:14; 2Ti 4:11; and probably as the brother whose praise in the Gospel went through all the Churches, 2Co 8:18. The same remark may be made on the rest of the sacred historians, who every one of them show the like amiable modesty.

JFB: Act 16:6-8 - -- Proceeding in a northwesterly direction. At this time must have been formed "the churches of Galatia" (Gal 1:2; 1Co 16:1); founded, as we learn from t...

Proceeding in a northwesterly direction. At this time must have been formed "the churches of Galatia" (Gal 1:2; 1Co 16:1); founded, as we learn from the Epistle to the Galatians (particularly Gal 4:19), by the apostle Paul, and which were already in existence when he was on his third missionary journey, as we learn from Act 18:23, where it appears that he was no less successful in Phrygia. Why these proceedings, so interesting as we should suppose, are not here detailed, it is not easy to say; for the various reasons suggested are not very satisfactory: for example, that the historian had not joined the party [ALFORD]; that he was in haste to bring the apostle to Europe [OLSHAUSEN]; that the main stream of the Church's development was from Jerusalem to Rome, and the apostle's labors in Phrygia and Galatia lay quite out of the line of that direction [BAUMGARTEN].

JFB: Act 16:6-8 - -- Speaking by some prophet, see on Act 11:27.

Speaking by some prophet, see on Act 11:27.

JFB: Act 16:6-8 - -- Not the great Asiatic continent, nor even the rich peninsula now called Asia Minor, but only so much of its western coast as constituted the Roman pro...

Not the great Asiatic continent, nor even the rich peninsula now called Asia Minor, but only so much of its western coast as constituted the Roman province of Asia.

JFB: Act 16:7 - -- Where, as being part of Roman Asia, they were forbidden to labor (Act 16:8).

Where, as being part of Roman Asia, they were forbidden to labor (Act 16:8).

JFB: Act 16:7 - -- Or attempted

Or attempted

JFB: Act 16:7 - -- Or, towards.

Or, towards.

JFB: Act 16:7 - -- To the northeast.

To the northeast.

JFB: Act 16:7 - -- Speaking as before.

Speaking as before.

JFB: Act 16:7 - -- Probably because, (1) Europe was ripe for the labors of this missionary party; and (2) other instruments were to be honored to establish the Gospel in...

Probably because, (1) Europe was ripe for the labors of this missionary party; and (2) other instruments were to be honored to establish the Gospel in the eastern regions of Asia Minor, especially the apostle Peter (see 1Pe 1:1). By the end of the first century, as testified by PLINY the governor, Bithynia was filled with Christians. "This is the first time that the Holy Ghost is expressly spoken of as determining the course they were to follow in their efforts to evangelize the nations, and it was evidently designed to show that whereas hitherto the diffusion of the Gospel had been carried on in unbroken course, connected by natural points of junction, it was now to take a leap to which it could not be impelled but by an immediate and independent operation of the Spirit; and though primarily, this intimation of the Spirit was only negative, and referred but to the immediate neighborhood, we may certainly conclude that Paul took it for a sign that a new epoch was now to commence in his apostolic labors" [BAUMGARTEN].

JFB: Act 16:8 - -- A city on the northeast coast of the Ægean Sea, the boundary of Asia Minor on the west; the region of which was the scene of the great Trojan war.

A city on the northeast coast of the Ægean Sea, the boundary of Asia Minor on the west; the region of which was the scene of the great Trojan war.

JFB: Act 16:9-10 - -- While awake, for it is not called a dream.

While awake, for it is not called a dream.

JFB: Act 16:9-10 - -- Stretching his eye across the Ægean Sea, from Troas on the northeast, to the Macedonian hills, visible on the northwest, the apostle could hardly fai...

Stretching his eye across the Ægean Sea, from Troas on the northeast, to the Macedonian hills, visible on the northwest, the apostle could hardly fail to think this the destined scene of his future labors; and, if he retired to rest with this thought, he would be thoroughly prepared for the remarkable intimation of the divine will now to be given him. This visional Macedonian discovered himself by what he said. But it was a cry not of conscious desire for the Gospel, but of deep need of it and unconscious preparedness to receive it, not only in that region, but, we may well say, throughout all that western empire which Macedonia might be said to represent. It was a virtual confession "that the highest splendor of heathendom, which we must recognize in the arts of Greece and in the polity and imperial power of Rome, had arrived at the end of all its resources. God had left the Gentile peoples to walk in their own ways (Act 14:2). They had sought to gain salvation for themselves; but those who had carried it farthest along the paths of natural development were now pervaded by the feeling that all had indeed been vanity. This feeling is the simple, pure result of all the history of heathendom. And Israel, going along the way which God had marked out for him, had likewise arrived at his end. At last he is in a condition to realize his original vocation, by becoming the guide who is to lead the Gentiles unto God, the only Author and Creator of man's redemption; and Paul is in truth the very person in whom this vocation of Israel is now a present divine reality, and to whom, by this nocturnal apparition of the Macedonian, the preparedness of the heathen world to receive the ministry of Israel towards the Gentiles is confirmed" [BAUMGARTEN]. This voice cries from heathendom still to the Christian Church, and never does the Church undertake the work of missions, nor any missionary go forth from it, in the right spirit, save in obedience to this cry.

JFB: Act 16:10 - -- The "we," here first introduced, is a modest intimation that the historian himself had now joined the missionary party. (The modern objections to this...

The "we," here first introduced, is a modest intimation that the historian himself had now joined the missionary party. (The modern objections to this are quite frivolous). Whether Paul's broken health had anything to do with this arrangement for having "the beloved physician" with him [WIES], can never be known with certainty; but that he would deem himself honored in taking care of so precious a life, there can be no doubt.

Clarke: Act 16:6 - -- Were forbidden of the Holy Ghost to preach the word in Asia - The Asia mentioned here could not be Asia Minor in general, for Galatia, Phrygia, Pisi...

Were forbidden of the Holy Ghost to preach the word in Asia - The Asia mentioned here could not be Asia Minor in general, for Galatia, Phrygia, Pisidia, Lycaonia, and Pamphylia, were provinces of it, and in these the apostles preached; but it was what was called Proconsular Asia, which included only Ionia, Aeolia, and Lydia. The apostles were not suffered to visit these places at this time; but they afterwards went thither, and preached the Gospel with success; for it was in this Proconsular Asia that the seven Churches were situated. God chose to send his servants to another place, where he saw that the word would be affectionately received; and probably those in Proconsular Asia were not, as yet, sufficiently prepared to receive and profit by it.

Clarke: Act 16:7 - -- After they were come to Mysia - They passed through Phrygia into Mysia, which lay between Bithynia on the north, Phrygia on the east, Aeolia on the ...

After they were come to Mysia - They passed through Phrygia into Mysia, which lay between Bithynia on the north, Phrygia on the east, Aeolia on the south, and the Mediterranean on the west

Clarke: Act 16:7 - -- But the Spirit suffered them not - God saw that that was not the most proper time to preach the word at Bithynia; as he willed them to go immediatel...

But the Spirit suffered them not - God saw that that was not the most proper time to preach the word at Bithynia; as he willed them to go immediately to Macedonia, the people there being ripe for the word of life. Instead of το πνευμα, the Spirit merely, το πνευμα Ιησου, the Spirit of Jesus, is the reading of ABCDE, several others, with both the Syriac, the Coptic, Ethiopic, Armenian, Vulgate, Itala, and several of the fathers. The reading is undoubtedly genuine, and should be immediately restored to the text.

Clarke: Act 16:8 - -- Came down to Troas - The Troad, or part of Phrygia Minor in which the celebrated city of Troy was formerly situated. This city was first built by Da...

Came down to Troas - The Troad, or part of Phrygia Minor in which the celebrated city of Troy was formerly situated. This city was first built by Dardanus, who was its king, and from whom it was called Dardania; from Tros, his grandson, it was called Troja, or Troy; and from his son, Ilus, it was called Ilium. It has been long so completely destroyed that no ascertainable vestige of it remains; insomuch that some have even doubted of its existence. Those who contend for the reality of the history of Troy suppose it to have stood on the site of the modern village Bounarbachi, about twelve miles from the sea, on an eminence, at the termination of a spacious plain.

Clarke: Act 16:9 - -- A vision appeared to Paul in the night - Whether this was in a dream, or whether a representation made to the senses of the apostle, we cannot tell....

A vision appeared to Paul in the night - Whether this was in a dream, or whether a representation made to the senses of the apostle, we cannot tell. A man of Macedonia appeared to him, and made this simple communication, Come over into Macedonia, and help us

Some suppose that the guardian angel of Macedonia appeared to St. Paul in a human shape; others, that it was a Divine communication made to his imagination in a dream.

Clarke: Act 16:10 - -- We endeavored to go into Macedonia - This is the first place that the historian St. Luke refers to himself: We endeavored, etc. And, from this, it h...

We endeavored to go into Macedonia - This is the first place that the historian St. Luke refers to himself: We endeavored, etc. And, from this, it has been supposed that he joined the company of Paul, for the first time, at Troas

Clarke: Act 16:10 - -- Assuredly gathering - Συμβιβαζοντες, Drawing an inference from the vision that had appeared

Assuredly gathering - Συμβιβαζοντες, Drawing an inference from the vision that had appeared

Clarke: Act 16:10 - -- That the Lord had called us for to preach - That is, they inferred that they were called to preach the Gospel in Macedonia, from what the vision had...

That the Lord had called us for to preach - That is, they inferred that they were called to preach the Gospel in Macedonia, from what the vision had said, come over and help us; the help meaning, preach to us the Gospel. Instead of ὁ Κυριος, the Lord, meaning Jesus, several MSS., such as ABCE, several others, with the Coptic, Vulgate, Theophylact, and Jerome, have ὁ Θεος, God. Though this stands on very reputable authority, yet the former seems to be the better reading; for it was the Spirit of Jesus, Act 16:7, that would not suffer them to go into Bithynia, because he had designed that they should immediately preach the Gospel in Macedonia.

Calvin: Act 16:6 - -- 6.When they had gone throughout Luke showeth here how diligent and careful Paul and his companions were in the office of teaching; for he saith that ...

6.When they had gone throughout Luke showeth here how diligent and careful Paul and his companions were in the office of teaching; for he saith that they journeyed through divers regions of the Lesser Asia that they might preach the gospel. But he reciteth one thing which is worth remembering, that they were forbidden by the Spirit of God to speak of Christ in some places, which serveth not a little to set forth the apostleship of Paul; as undoubtedly he was not a little encouraged to proceed, when he knew that the Spirit of God was his guide in his way, and the governor of his actions. And whereas whithersoever they came they prepared themselves to teach, they did that according to their calling, and according to the commandment of God. For they were sent to preach and publish the gospel to the Gentiles without exception; but the Lord revealed his counsel in governing the course of their journey which was before unknown, even in a moment. −

Notwithstanding, the question is, If Paul taught nowhere by whither he was led by the Spirit, what certainty shall the ministers of the Church have at this day of their calling, who are certified by no oracles when they must speak or hold their peace? I answer, Seeing that Paul’s province and charge was so wide, he had need of the singular direction of the Spirit. He was not made the apostle of one particular place, or of a few cities, but he had received commandment to preach the gospel through Asia and Europe; which was to sail in a most wide sea. Wherefore, there is no cause why we should wonder that in that confused wideness God beckoned unto him, as it were by reaching forth his hand, how far he would have him go, or whither. But here ariseth another harder question, why the Lord did forbid Paul to speak in Asia, and suffered him not to come into Bithynia? For, if answer be made that these Gentiles were unworthy of the doctrine of salvation, we may again demand why Macedonia was more worthy? Those who desire to be too wise, do assign the causes of this difference in men, that the Lord vouchsafeth every man of his gospel, as he seeth him bent unto the obedience of faith; but he himself saith far otherwise, to wit, that he appeared plainly to those which sought him not, and that he spake to those who asked not of him. For whence cometh aptness to those to be taught, and a mind to obey, but from his Spirit? Therefore, it is certain that some are not preferred before other some by their merit, seeing that all men are naturally like backward and wayward from faith. Therefore, there is nothing better than to leave free power to God to vouchsafe and deprive of his grace whom he will. And surely as his eternal election is free, so his calling is also free which floweth thence, and is not grounded in men, seeing that he is not indebted to any. −

Wherefore, let us know that the gospel springeth and issueth out to us out of the sole fountain of mere grace. And yet God doth not want a just reason, why he offereth his gospel to some, and passeth over other some. But I say that that reason lieth hid in his secret counsel. In the mean season, let the faithful know that they were called freely when others were set aside, lest they take that to themselves which is due to the mercy of God alone. And in the rest, whom God rejecteth for no manifest cause, let them learn to wonder at the deep depth of his judgment, which they may not seek out. And here the word Asia is taken for that part which is properly so called. When Luke saith that Paul and his companions essayed to come into Bithynia until they were forbidden by oracles, save only when need required, as they Lord useth to be present with his in doleful − 178 and uncertain matters. −

Calvin: Act 16:9 - -- 9.A vision by night The Lord would not that Paul should stay any longer in Asia; because he would draw him into Macedonia. And Luke expresseth the ma...

9.A vision by night The Lord would not that Paul should stay any longer in Asia; because he would draw him into Macedonia. And Luke expresseth the manner of the drawing, that a man of Macedonia appeared to him by night. Where we must note that the Lord did not always observe the same manner of revelation, because divers kinds are more convenient for confirmation. And it is not said that this vision was offered in a dream, but only in the night season. For there be certain night visions which men see when they be awake. −

Help us This speech setteth forth the ministry committed to Paul. For, seeing that the gospel is the power of God to salvation, ( Rom 1:16,) those which are the ministers of God are said to help those who perish; that having delivered them from death, they may bring them unto the inheritance of eternal life. And this ought to be no small encouragement for godly teachers to stir up the heat of their study and desire, when they hear that they call back miserable souls from destruction, and that they help those who should otherwise perish, that they may be saved. Again, all people unto whom the gospel is brought are taught reverently to embrace the ministers thereof as deliverers, unless they will maliciously reject the grace of God; and yet this commendation and title is not so translated unto men, that God is robbed even of the best part of his praise; because, though he by his ministers give salvation, yet is he the only author thereof, as if he reached out his hands to help. −

Calvin: Act 16:10 - -- 10.Being fully persuaded Hence we gather, that is was not bare vision, but that it was also confirmed by the testimony of the Spirit. For Satan doth ...

10.Being fully persuaded Hence we gather, that is was not bare vision, but that it was also confirmed by the testimony of the Spirit. For Satan doth oftentimes abuse ghosts and visures [masks] to deceive withal, that he may mock and cozen the unbelievers. Whereby it cometh to pass, that the bare vision leaveth man’s mind in doubt; but such as are divine indeed, those doth the Spirit seal by a certain mark, that those may not doubt nor waver whom the Lord will have certainly addicted to himself. A wicked spirit appeared to Brutus, inviting him to enter that unhappy combat and battle which he had at Philippi, even in the very same place whereunto Paul was afterwards called. But as the cause was far unlike, so the Lord dealt far otherwise with his servant, so that he put him out of doubt, and left him not astonished with fear. Now, in Paul and his companions the desire to obey ensued immediately upon the certainty; for, so soon as they understand that the Lord called them, they address themselves to their journey. The termination of the participle which is here used is active; and though it have divers significations, I do not doubt but that Luke’s meaning is, that Paul and the rest, after that they had conferred [compared] this vision with the former oracles, were fully persuaded that the Lord had called them into Macedonia.

Defender: Act 16:10 - -- The first use here of "we" in the narrative, instead of "they," seems to indicate that Luke, the author of the book of Acts, joined the missionary par...

The first use here of "we" in the narrative, instead of "they," seems to indicate that Luke, the author of the book of Acts, joined the missionary party at Troas.

Defender: Act 16:10 - -- The Lord's calling may become evident in different ways. One key principle is indicated here in the calling of Paul to Macedonia in Greece. Paul was a...

The Lord's calling may become evident in different ways. One key principle is indicated here in the calling of Paul to Macedonia in Greece. Paul was already active, trying to preach in the province of Asia, then in Bithynia; he was not waiting idly at home, hoping to receive a call. The Holy Spirit in some very clear way closed the first two doors, but then opened another by this special vision. It is sobering to think that if Paul had not been redirected to Philippi and Greece, he might never have gone into Europe and Christianity might have remained primarily an Asian religion. But God had other purposes."

TSK: Act 16:6 - -- Phrygia : Act 2:10, Act 18:23 region : Act 18:23; 1Co 16:1; Gal 1:2, Gal 3:1; 2Ti 4:10; 1Pe 1:1 forbidden : Act 16:7, Act 10:19, Act 11:12, Act 13:2-4...

TSK: Act 16:7 - -- Bithynia : 1Pe 1:1

Bithynia : 1Pe 1:1

TSK: Act 16:8 - -- Troas : Act 16:11, Act 20:5; 2Co 2:12; 2Ti 4:13

TSK: Act 16:9 - -- a vision : Act 2:17, Act 2:18, Act 9:10-12, Act 10:3, Act 10:10-17, Act 10:30, Act 11:5-12, Act 18:9, Act 18:10, Act 22:17-21; Act 27:23, Act 27:24; 2...

TSK: Act 16:10 - -- immediately : Act 10:29, Act 26:13; Psa 119:60; Pro 3:27, Pro 3:28; 2Co 2:12, 2Co 2:13

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Commentary -- Word/Phrase Notes (per Verse)

Barnes: Act 16:6 - -- Throughout Phrygia - This was the largest province of Asia Minor. It had Bithynia north; Pisidia and Lycia south; Galatia and Cappadocia east; ...

Throughout Phrygia - This was the largest province of Asia Minor. It had Bithynia north; Pisidia and Lycia south; Galatia and Cappadocia east; and Lydia and Mysia west.

And the region of Galatia - This province was directly east of Phrygia. The region was formerly conquered by the Gauls. They settled in it, and called it, after their own name, Galatia. The Gauls invaded the country at different times, and no less than three tribes or bodies of Gauls had possession of it. Many Jews were also settled there. It was from this cause that so many parties could be formed there, and that so much controversy would arise between the Jewish and Gentile converts. See the Epistle to the Galatians.

And were forbidden - Probably by a direct revelation. The reason of this was, doubtless, that it was the intention of God to extend the gospel further into the regions of Greece than would have been done if they had remained in Asia Minor. This prohibition was the means of the first introduction of the gospel into Europe.

In Asia - See the notes on Act 2:9. This was doubtless the region of proconsular Asia. It was also called Ionia. Of this region Ephesus was the capital; and here were situated also the cities of Smyrna, Thyatira, Philadelphia, etc., within which the seven churches mentioned in Rev. 1\endash 3 were established. Cicero speaks of proconsular Asia as containing the provinces of Phrygia, Mysia, Carla, and Lydia. In all this region the gospel was afterward preached with great success. But now a more important and a wider field was opened before Paul and Barnabas in the extensive country of Macedonia.

Barnes: Act 16:7 - -- Mysia - This was a province of Asia Minor, having Propontis on the north, Bithynia on the east, Lydia on the south, and the Aegean Sea on the w...

Mysia - This was a province of Asia Minor, having Propontis on the north, Bithynia on the east, Lydia on the south, and the Aegean Sea on the west.

They assayed - They endeavored; they attempted.

Into Bithynia - A province of Asia Minor lying east of Mysia.

Barnes: Act 16:8 - -- Came down to Troas - This was a city of Phrygia or Mysia, on the Hellespont, between Troy north, and Assos south. Sometimes the name Troas or T...

Came down to Troas - This was a city of Phrygia or Mysia, on the Hellespont, between Troy north, and Assos south. Sometimes the name Troas or Troad, is used to denote the whole country of the Trojans, the province where the ancient city of Troy had stood. This region was much celebrated in the early periods of Grecian history. It was here that the events recorded in the Iliad of Homer are supposed to have occurred. The city of Troy has long since been completely destroyed. Troas is several times mentioned in the New Testament, 2Co 2:12; 2Ti 4:13; Act 20:5.

Barnes: Act 16:9 - -- And a vision - See the notes on Act 9:10. There stood a man - etc. The appearance of a man who was known to be of Macedonia, probably by ...

And a vision - See the notes on Act 9:10.

There stood a man - etc. The appearance of a man who was known to be of Macedonia, probably by his dress and language. Whether this was in a dream, or whether it was a representation made to the senses while awake, it is impossible to tell. The will of God was at different times made known in both these ways. Compare Mat 2:12; note, Act 10:3. Grotius supposes that this was the guardian angel of Macedonia, and refers for illustration to Dan 10:12-13, Dan 10:20-21. But there seems to be no foundation for this opinion.

Of Macedonia - This was an extensive country of Greece, having Thrace on the north, Thessaly south, Epirus west, and the Aegean Sea east. It is supposed that it was populated by Kittim, son of Javan, Gen 10:4. The kingdom rose into celebrity chiefly under the reign of Philip and his son, Alexander the Great. It was the first region in Europe in which we have any record that the gospel was preached.

And help us - That is, by preaching the gospel. This was a call to preach the gospel in an extensive pagan land, amid many trials and dangers. To this call, notwithstanding all this prospect of danger, Paul and Silas cheerfully responded, and gave themselves to the work. Their conduct was thus an example to the church. From all portions of the earth a similar call is now coming to the churches. Openings of a similar character for the introduction of the gospel are presented in all lands. Appeals are coming from every quarter, and all that seems now necessary for the speedy conversion of the world is for the church to enter into these vast fields with the self-denial, the spirit, and the zeal which characterized the apostle Paul.

Barnes: Act 16:10 - -- We endeavored - This is the first instance in which Luke refers to himself as being in company with Paul. It is hence probable that he joined P...

We endeavored - This is the first instance in which Luke refers to himself as being in company with Paul. It is hence probable that he joined Paul and Silas about this time, and it is evident that he attended Paul in his travels, as recorded throughout the remainder of the Acts .

Assuredly gathering - Being certainly convinced.

Poole: Act 16:6 - -- Phrygia and Galatia were parts of Asia Minor. They were forbidden of the Holy Ghost by some revelation, though the manner is not known, to preac...

Phrygia and

Galatia were parts of Asia Minor. They

were forbidden of the Holy Ghost by some revelation, though the manner is not known,

to preach the word in Asia for that time; though afterwards Paul preached there about two years together, Act 19:10 . Thus God (the great Householder) orders the candle to be removed from one room unto another; sends, or takes away, the light of the gospel, to whom, and as often, as he pleaseth. Our calling, as well as our election, is free; and we may say with our Saviour, Mat 11:26 , Even so, Father; for so it seemed good in thy sight.

Poole: Act 16:7 - -- Mysia a little country near Troas. Bithynia another province nigh unto the same place, over against Thracia, bordering upon the Black Sea. The Spi...

Mysia a little country near Troas.

Bithynia another province nigh unto the same place, over against Thracia, bordering upon the Black Sea.

The Spirit the Spirit of Jesus, or of God, as some copies read.

Suffered them not the journeyings of them that preached the gospel, as well as their words, were directed by God; they might not say, Do, or Go, but according to the will of God.

Poole: Act 16:8 - -- Either the relics of the famous city of Troy, or the country thereabouts, in which the city of Antigonia was built.

Either the relics of the famous city of Troy, or the country thereabouts, in which the city of Antigonia was built.

Poole: Act 16:9 - -- A man an angel in the appearance and likeness (in habit and demeanour) of one of that country. Macedonia a Grecian province in Europe, extending to...

A man an angel in the appearance and likeness (in habit and demeanour) of one of that country.

Macedonia a Grecian province in Europe, extending to the Archipelago.

Help us as to our souls, with the saving light of the gospel: God sends the ministers of the gospel to help such as would otherwise perish: with the gospel, salvation comes.

Poole: Act 16:10 - -- Immediately as soon as God’ s will was manifested, they make no delay, not objecting against the journey. We endeavoured to go St. Luke, the p...

Immediately as soon as God’ s will was manifested, they make no delay, not objecting against the journey.

We endeavoured to go St. Luke, the penman of this book was one of them that went, (the others were Paul, Silas, and Timotheus), and therefore speaks in the plural number.

Haydock: Act 16:6 - -- They were forbidden by the Holy Ghost, to go, and preach at that time in the Lesser Asia [Asia Minor], perhaps because their preaching in Macedonia w...

They were forbidden by the Holy Ghost, to go, and preach at that time in the Lesser Asia [Asia Minor], perhaps because their preaching in Macedonia was more necessary; or because St. John was to be sent into Asia [Asia Minor]. (Witham) ---

Forbidden. Why? Because they were not yet prepared to receive the gospel; or, perhaps, these provinces were reserved for St. John, as Bithynia was for St. Luke. (Menochius) ---

St. Leo compares this question to many others respecting the inscrutable judgments of God. Why did not the Son of God come into the world may ages before? Why did he suffer so many to die in ignorance? Why are there yet so many in infidelity? Why, in one family, does one believe and is converted, while another remains in darkness, and crime? Who shall account for the exercise he pleases to make of his rigour, or his mercy, when all were justly victims of the former? (St. Leo, de vocat. Gentium. lib. ii. chap. 2)

Haydock: Act 16:7 - -- The spirit of Jesus permitted them not. It is the same spirit, which just before was called the Holy Ghost: for the Holy Ghost is the spirit of Jesu...

The spirit of Jesus permitted them not. It is the same spirit, which just before was called the Holy Ghost: for the Holy Ghost is the spirit of Jesus, as proceeding from the Son as well as from the Father. (Witham)

Haydock: Act 16:9 - -- A vision, &c. The tutelar angel of the province, according to most interpreters, under the form of a Macedonian, who implored St. Paul in behalf of ...

A vision, &c. The tutelar angel of the province, according to most interpreters, under the form of a Macedonian, who implored St. Paul in behalf of the province he guarded.

Haydock: Act 16:10 - -- We. This change in the narration from the third, to the first person, we sought, &c. is remarkable. It is hence inferred, that St. Luke, the auth...

We. This change in the narration from the third, to the first person, we sought, &c. is remarkable. It is hence inferred, that St. Luke, the author of this book, joined St. Paul at Troas, and became his inseparable companion. (Calmet) ---

It is, however, probable, that as the narrative in the first person changes again at the end of this chapter, and is not resumed, till the fifth verse of the 20th chapter, that St. Luke was absent on some mission during the time that elapsed between this and their sailing from Philippi, as mentioned hereafter. (Chap. xx. ver. 6) (Tirinus)

Gill: Act 16:6 - -- Now when they had gone throughout Phrygia,.... See Gill on Act 2:10 To which may be added, that this country had its name either from the river Phryx,...

Now when they had gone throughout Phrygia,.... See Gill on Act 2:10 To which may be added, that this country had its name either from the river Phryx, as Pliny w observes, or from the word Phrygios, which signifies "dry"; this being a very dry and sandy country: it was famous for marble stone; hence we read x of Phrygian Stone or marble, of which pillars and statues were made: according to Josephus y, the original of the Phrygians was Togarmah the son of Gomer, and grandson of Japheth, Gen 10:3, whom he calls Thygrammes, and his people from him, Thygrammeans, and who, adds he, as it seems by the Greeks, are called Phrygians. Herodotus z reports, that the Phrygians (as the Macedonians say) were called Briges or Brygians, so long as they were Europeans, and dwelt with the Macedonians: but when they went into Asia, together with the country, they changed their names, into Phrygians: of one Philip a Phrygian, whom Antiochus left governor at Jerusalem, mention is made in:

"And he left governors to vex the nation: at Jerusalem, Philip, for his country a Phrygian, and for manners more barbarous than he that set him there;'' (2 Maccabees 5:22)

here dwelt Jews, as appears from Act 2:10 and here the apostle preached and made converts.

And the region of Galatia: in Asia Minor: it had Cappadocia on the east, Bithynia on the west, Pamphylia on the south, and the Euxine sea on the north. The inhabitants of this country were originally Gauls, who under Brennus their captain, came out of some parts of France, and invaded Italy, and came to Rome, and took it all but the capitol; from whence being sallied out upon by the Romans at an unawares, they were obliged to retire; and from thence they sailed into Greece, and went into Asia, into this part of it where they settled, which was first called after them Gallo Graecia, and in process of time Galatia; though some say the Grecians called them Galatians from Gala, which signifies "milk", because of their milky colour: of the Galatians, mention is made in,

"And he told them of the battle that they had in Babylon with the Galatians, how they came but eight thousand in all to the business, with four thousand Macedonians, and that the Macedonians being perplexed, the eight thousand destroyed an hundred and twenty thousand because of the help that they had from heaven, and so received a great booty.'' (2 Maccabees 8:20)

here the Gospel was preached, and many believed; for we afterwards read of disciples both in this country and in Phrygia, Act 18:23 and here were churches formed, and to whom the apostles preached, and delivered the decrees of the apostles and elders.

And were forbidden of the Holy Ghost; not by an articulate voice, but by a secret and powerful impulse upon their minds;

to preach the word in Asia: that is, in that country which was properly called Asia, or pro-consular Asia, otherwise Phrygia, and Galatia, were provinces in Asia Minor. Beza's most ancient copy, and the Vulgate Latin and Syriac versions read, "the word of God": the reasons why it was prohibited to be preached here, at this time, cannot be said, and must be referred to the sovereign will of God; it seems, that at this instant, there were no chosen ones to be called by grace, and there was work for the apostle and his companions to do elsewhere, namely, in Macedonia.

Gill: Act 16:7 - -- After they were come to Mysia,.... Another country in Asia Minor. It is divided by Ptolomy a into two parts; superior Mysia is bounded by Dalmatia on ...

After they were come to Mysia,.... Another country in Asia Minor. It is divided by Ptolomy a into two parts; superior Mysia is bounded by Dalmatia on the west, by Macedonia on the south, by part of Thrace on the east, and by part of the river Danube on the north; inferior Mysia is bounded on the west with part of the river Ciaber and the Danube, on the south with part of Thrace, on the north with the turn of the river Tyra, and on the east with the Euxine Pontus; but this was the European Mysia: the Mysia which seems here intended, was divided into the lesser Mysia by the Hellespont, and had Troas on the south; and into the greater Mysia by Olympus, which was bounded on the west with the lesser Mysia and Troas, on the east with Bithynia, and on the south with Asia, properly so called. By Pliny b it is called Aeolis, and so Jerom says c, it was in his times; sometimes it is called Abretta and Abrettina, and of later years Thya, or Thyria: some suggest it has its name of Mysia from Mysus, the brother of Car d, the father of the Carions; but according to the Talmudists, it had its name from Meshech, the son of Japheth, Gen 10:2 for they say e Meshech, זו מוסיא, "this is Mysia"; Pliny observes f, that there are some authors who assert that the Mysians, Brygians, and Thynnians came out of Europe, from whom they are called Mysians, Phrygians, and Bithynians, in Asia. The inhabitants of Mysia were very despicable; hence the proverb, "ultimus Mysorum", "the last of the Mysians" g, is used for a very mean and contemptible person. The apostle was willing to preach to the wise and unwise, and disdained not to carry the Gospel to the meanest part of mankind.

They assayed to go into Bithynia; another country in Asia Minor; it makes one province with Pontus, and has the same boundaries; Pontus being at the east, and Bithynia at the west: it was bounded on the north with the Euxine sea, on the east with Galatia, on the south with Asia properly so called, and on the west with the Propontis; according to Pliny h it was called Cronia, afterwards Thessalis, then Maliande, (perhaps Mariandyne), and Strymonis; and Herodotus i reports, that the Thracians going into Asia were called Bithynians, who were first called (as they say) Strymonians, inhabiting Strymon; according to Jerom k, it was formerly called Bebrycia, then Mygdonia, and Phrygia Major, and by the river Iera, or, as Pliny calls it, Hieras, is divided from Galatia; to which agrees Solinus l who says it was before Bebrycia, afterwards Migdonia, and now Bithynia, from Bithynus the king; the king; though others say, it was so called from Bithyne, a daughter of Jupiter;

but the Spirit suffered them not; the Alexandrian copy, and Beza's most ancient copy, and some others, and the Vulgate Latin, Syriac, and Ethiopic versions read, "the Spirit of Jesus": so that it was not an evil spirit, or Satan, that hindered them, who sometimes did; but they were under the direction and guidance of the divine Spirit, called, in the preceding verse, the Holy Ghost; however, the Gospel was preached here afterwards, and churches formed; of which See Gill on 1Pe 1:1.

Gill: Act 16:8 - -- And they passed by Mysia,.... Without stopping or staying there, though they came to it: came down to Troas; either the country of Troas, as the Sy...

And they passed by Mysia,.... Without stopping or staying there, though they came to it:

came down to Troas; either the country of Troas, as the Syriac version renders it; which, according to Solinus m, is bordered on the north part of Galatia, and was near to Lycaonia, Pisidia, and Mygdonia on the south, and to Lydia on the east, and to Mysia and Caria on the north: or rather the city of Troas, which Pliny says n, was formerly called Antigonia, now Alexandria, a colony of the Romans. Antigonus king of Asia called it Troas at first, because it was in the country, and near where Troy stood, but afterwards he called it, according to his own name, Antigonia; but Lysimachus king of Thrace having got this city into his hands, repaired it, and called it after the name of Alexander, Alexandria; and to distinguish it from Alexandria in Egypt, and other cities of the same name in other places, it was called Alexandria Troas.

Gill: Act 16:9 - -- And a vision appeared to Paul in the night,.... Either in a dream, or, it may be, when he was awake: there stood a man of Macedonia; an angel in th...

And a vision appeared to Paul in the night,.... Either in a dream, or, it may be, when he was awake:

there stood a man of Macedonia; an angel in the form of a man; the Syriac version reads, "as a man of Macedonia", and who might appear in a Macedonian habit, or speak in the Macedonian language; or the apostle might conclude him to be so, from his making mention of Macedonia, as the place where he requested him to come, and assist:

and prayed him, saying, come over into Macedonia; Macedonia was a very large country in Europe; which formerly consisted, as Pliny o says, of a hundred and fifty people, or nations, and was called Emathia; it took its name of Macedonia from Macedo, a son of Jupiter, and of Thyd, a daughter of Deucalion: according to Ptolomy p it had on the north Dalmatia, superior Mysia and Thracia; on the west, the Ionian sea; on the south Epirus; and on the east, part of Thracia, and the gulfs of the Aegean sea. It had formerly other names besides Emathia and Macedonia, as Mygdonia and Edoma, and is now called Albania or Ronnelli. Troas, where the apostle now was, when he had this vision, was just by the Hellespont, over which he must go to Macedonia; and therefore the Macedonian prays him to "come over", adding,

and help us; by praying and preaching, to pull down the kingdom of Satan, to destroy superstition and idolatry, to enlighten the eyes of men, and turn them from darkness to light, from the power of Satan to God, and save them from utter ruin and destruction. This shows what a miserable condition this country was in; and that God had some chosen people among them to gather in, whose time was now come; and of what use and service the angels, Christ's ministering spirits, are, who are helpful in weakening the kingdom of Satan, and advancing the interest of Christ, and in spreading his Gospel, and particularly in directing the ministers of it where to preach it; though it follows not from hence, that this angel presided over the whole country, and was their tutelar angel, as some think.

Gill: Act 16:10 - -- And after he had seen the vision,.... And considered it, and related it to his companions: and when they had well weighed it, and the circumstances of...

And after he had seen the vision,.... And considered it, and related it to his companions: and when they had well weighed it, and the circumstances of it:

immediately we endeavoured to go into Macedonia; they determined upon it, and took all the proper methods, and made the necessary provisions for it. Here Luke, the writer of this history, first appears, saying, "we endeavoured"; whether he came with the apostle from Antioch, since he is commonly said to have been a physician of Antioch; or whether he met the apostle at Troas, since here is the first hint of him, is not certain:

assuredly gathering, that the Lord had called us for to preach the Gospel unto them; they concluded from the vision with great certainty, that they had a manifest call from God to go into Macedonia, and preach the Gospel to the inhabitants of it, not doubting but that they should meet with success. The Alexandrian copy, the Vulgate Latin and Ethiopic versions, read "God", instead of "Lord".

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: Act 16:6 Grk “Asia”; in the NT this always refers to the Roman province of Asia, made up of about one-third of the west and southwest end of modern...

NET Notes: Act 16:7 The words “do this” are not in the Greek text, but are supplied for stylistic reasons, since English handles ellipses differently than Gre...

NET Notes: Act 16:8 Troas was a port city (and surrounding region) on the northwest coast of Asia Minor, near ancient Troy.

NET Notes: Act 16:9 Macedonia was the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.

NET Notes: Act 16:10 Or “summoned.”

Geneva Bible: Act 16:6 ( 4 ) Now when they had gone throughout Phrygia and the region of Galatia, and were ( d ) forbidden of the Holy Ghost to preach the word in Asia, ( 4...

Geneva Bible: Act 16:9 ( 5 ) And a vision appeared to Paul in the night; There stood a man of Macedonia, and prayed him, saying, Come over into Macedonia, and help us. ( 5 ...

Geneva Bible: Act 16:10 ( 6 ) And after he had seen the vision, immediately we endeavoured to go into Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us for to preach...

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Commentary -- Verse Range Notes

TSK Synopsis: Act 16:1-40 - --1 Paul having circumcised Timothy,7 and being called by the Spirit from one country to another,14 converts Lydia,16 and casts out a spirit of divinati...

Combined Bible: Act 16:6 - --The neighboring cities of Derbe and Lystra, where Paul was joined by Timothy, constituted the limit of his former tour with Barnabas into this region ...

Combined Bible: Act 16:7 - --notes on verse 6     

Combined Bible: Act 16:8 - --notes on verse 6     

Combined Bible: Act 16:9 - --10. Here he learns the object which the Spirit had in view, while turning him aside from one after another of the fields which he himself had chosen. ...

Combined Bible: Act 16:10 - --notes on verse 9     

Maclaren: Act 16:10-11 - --How To Secure A Prosperous Voyage And after [Paul] had seen the vision, immediately we endeavoured to go into Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the...

MHCC: Act 16:6-15 - --The removals of ministers, and the dispensing the means of grace by them, are in particular under Divine conduct and direction. We must follow Provide...

Matthew Henry: Act 16:6-15 - -- In these verses we have, I. Paul's travels up and down to do good. 1. He and Silas his colleague went throughout Phrygia and the region of Galatia, ...

Barclay: Act 16:6-10 - --For a time all doors seemed shut to Paul. It must have seemed strange to him that he was barred from the Roman province of Asia by the Holy Spirit; ...

Constable: Act 9:32--Rom 1:1 - --III. THE WITNESS TO THE UTTERMOST PART OF THE EARTH 9:32--28:31 Luke next recorded the church's expansion beyond...

Constable: Act 12:25--16:6 - --B. The extension of the church to Cyprus and Asia Minor 12:25-16:5 Luke recorded that Jesus came to brin...

Constable: Act 15:36--16:6 - --5. The strengthening of the Gentile churches 15:36-16:5 Luke reported Paul and Barnabas' efforts...

Constable: Act 16:6--19:21 - --C. The extension of the church to the Aegean shores 16:6-19:20 The missionary outreach narrated in this ...

Constable: Act 16:6-10 - --1. The call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Luke recorded Paul's vision of the Macedonian man to explain God's initiative in encouraging Paul and his companions ...

College: Act 16:1-40 - --ACTS 16 3. The Visit to Derbe and Lystra (16:1-4) 1 He came to Derbe and then to Lystra, where a disciple named Timothy lived, whose mother was a Je...

McGarvey: Act 16:6-8 - --6-8. The neighboring cities of Derbe and Lystra, where Paul was joined by Timothy, constituted the limit of his former tour with Barnabas into this re...

McGarvey: Act 16:9-10 - --9, 10. Here he learns the object which the Spirit had in view, while turning him aside from one after another of the fields which he himself had chose...

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Commentary -- Other

Critics Ask: Act 16:6 ACTS 16:6 —Why did the Holy Spirit forbid Paul to preach in Asia when Jesus said to go into all the world? PROBLEM: Jesus commanded His followe...

Evidence: Act 16:6 " I think a good rule of thumb to follow would be to presume the Lord wants you to share the gospel with everyone unless He leads you not to." Danny ...

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Introduction / Outline

Robertson: Acts (Book Introduction) THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES By Way of Introduction But for the Acts we should know nothing of the early apostolic period save what is told in the Epi...

JFB: Acts (Book Introduction) THIS book is to the Gospels what the fruit is to the tree that bears it. In the Gospels we see the corn of wheat falling into the ground and dying: in...

JFB: Acts (Outline) INTRODUCTION--LAST DAYS OF OUR LORD UPON EARTH--HIS ASCENSION. (Act 1:1-11) RETURN OF THE ELEVEN TO JERUSALEM--PROCEEDINGS IN THE UPPER ROOM TILL PEN...

TSK: Acts (Book Introduction) The Acts of the Apostles is a most valuable portion of Divine revelation; and, independently of its universal reception in the Christian church, as an...

TSK: Acts 16 (Chapter Introduction) Overview Act 16:1, Paul having circumcised Timothy, Act 16:7, and being called by the Spirit from one country to another, Act 16:14. converts Lydi...

Poole: Acts 16 (Chapter Introduction) CHAPTER 16

MHCC: Acts (Book Introduction) This book unites the Gospels to the Epistles. It contains many particulars concerning the apostles Peter and Paul, and of the Christian church from th...

MHCC: Acts 16 (Chapter Introduction) (Act 16:1-5) Paul takes Timothy to be his assistant. (Act 16:6-15) Paul proceeds to Macedonia, The conversion of Lydia. (Act 16:16-24) An evil spiri...

Matthew Henry: Acts (Book Introduction) An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of The Acts of the Apostles We have with an abundant satisfaction seen the foundation of our holy religion...

Matthew Henry: Acts 16 (Chapter Introduction) It is some rebuke to Barnabas that after he left Paul we hear no more of him, of what he did or suffered for Christ. But Paul, as he was recommende...

Barclay: Acts (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES A Precious Book In one sense Acts is the most important book in the New Testament. It is the simple truth t...

Barclay: Acts 16 (Chapter Introduction) A Son In The Faith (Act_16:1-5) The Gospel Comes To Europe (Act_16:6-10) Europe's First Convert (Act_16:11-15) The Demented Slave-Girl (Act_16:16...

Constable: Acts (Book Introduction) Introduction Title The title "Acts of the Apostles" is very ancient. The Anti-Marcioni...

Constable: Acts (Outline) Outline I. The witness in Jerusalem 1:1-6:7 A. The founding of the church 1:1-2:46 ...

Constable: Acts Acts Bibliography Albright, William Foxwell. The Archaeology of Palestine. 1949. Revised ed. Pelican Archaeolog...

Haydock: Acts (Book Introduction) THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES. INTRODUCTION. St. Luke, who had published his gospel, wrote also a second volume, which, from the first ages, hath bee...

Gill: Acts (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION TO ACTS This book, in some copies, is called, "The Acts of the holy Apostles". It contains an history of the ministry and miracles of ...

College: Acts (Book Introduction) INTRODUCTION As early as the second century the title "The Acts of the Apostles" was given to this document. Before that time the work probably circu...

College: Acts (Outline) OUTLINE I. THE CHURCH IN JERUSALEM - 1:1-8:1a A. INTRODUCTION OF THE BOOK - 1:1-3 B. THE COMMISSIONING OF THE APOSTLES - 1:4-8 C. THE ASCENSI...

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